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Danubian War
Austrian troops during the Second Battle of Bratislava
Date 15 November 1937 – 11 July 1938 (7 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) Location Former Austro-Hungarian Empire Result See Aftermath
Belligerents
Austria Sudetenland Austro-Italian Tyrol	Kingdom of Hungary Bohemia-Moravia Illyria Galicia

Battle of the Angara River
Part of the Far Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War
The Angara Forest, where the battle took place.
Date March 19, 1922 Location Angara River, Siberia Result Red Army victory White Army successfully retreats to Irkutsk Green Army anhilated
Belligerents
Red Army	White Army
Commanders and leaders
Aleksei Brusilov Jukums Vācietis Joseph Stalin Radola Gajda	Alexander Kolchak Grigory Semyonov Lavr Kornilov Mikhail Diterikhs Mikhail Kvetsinsky †
Strength
71,000 14,000	64,000
Casualties and losses
23,000 1,300	39,000

The Danubian War took place between the Habsburg Government of Austria-Hungary and numerous independence movements. The end of the war resulted in the Vienna Convention of 1938, and eventual dissolution of Austria-Hungary.

The Battle of the Angara River took place between forces of the White and Red armies during the Russian Civil War. The Red Army victory paved the way for the future Battle of Irkutsk and the fall of the Russian State.

Battles of Novosibirsk–Omsk

With the war increasingly turning against the Whites, Kolchak ordered Grigory Semyonov to split the 14th Army into the 19th Army, which was to defend Novosibirsk, and the 16th Army, which was to defend Omsk. Despite the arrival of reinforcements, Brusilov's 7th Siberian Army still outnumbered the Novosibirsk–Omsk Army Group by 11,000 troops. The combined assault at Omsk led to the near annihilation of the 16th Siberian White Army, and the capture (and eventual execution) of its commander, Anatoly Pepelyayev. Kornilov's 19th Army engaged Brusilov at the Battle of Novosibirsk, with the White Army once again retreating, this time all the way to the west bank of the Angara River.

Kolchak's Involvment

Following the loss at Novosibirsk, Kolchak ordered what was left of the 19th army to begin working on fortyfing the East Bank of the Angara, and put Kornilov in charge of the operation. On January 17, 1922, the 19th Army, Mikhail Kvetsinsky's 17th Army, and 3 local volunteer divisions were merged into the South Angara Army. As the Red Army advanced, he personally travalled to Chistyi to take command of the defence.

Angara Green Army

The area around the Angara River was a hotbed for Anti-Bolshevik and Anti-White Army resistance since the October Revolution and the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, and in late 1921, a peasant revolt took control of the Angara Forest. This Green Army was led by Konstantin Voskoboinik and Grurov Cherdansovich (the latter was killled during a raid against white forces in Bryansk). Following guerilla raids by the Greens, Kolchak ordered around 11,000 troops to charge into the Angara Forest to wipe out the Greens. Out of around 9,000 Green Army troops, only 600 survived the Angara Forest Clashes. The Angara Green Army would surrender to Kolchak shortly after the Soviet victory.

Assault over the Angara River

During mid-day on the 18th, Brusilov arrived at the banks of the Angara, and began scouting operations immediaely. He decided to prepare for a full River crossing that night, and allowed his troops to rest. Despite Brusilov's advantage, Kolchak decided to strike first, launching a massive artillery barrage on Soviet positions. At around 2:40 AM on the 19th, Brusilov gave the signal to attack. An initial shelling followed by a massive charged destroyed the defenders, and forced them to fall back to the forest.

Angara Forest

For about an hour, the Soviets battled the Whites, until eventually the South Angara White Army was routed. Roughly 25,000 troops escaped, of which 23,000 made it to Irkutsk, but the remaining 27,000 troops were surrounded in the Angara Forest, where they were anhilated. Out of the 27,000 troops in the forest, only around a thousand were captured, with the rest being killed. Among the dead was the General Mikhail Kvetsinsky, who was identified after the battle.

Aftermath

The Battle of the Angara River is often cited as the final nail in the coffin for the White Army, who never recovered from such a humiliating defeat. At this point, the Whites had lost nearly 100,000 men in three battles, retreated over 2,000 kilometers eastward, and all with the Red Army only losing around 30,000 men.

Around three months later, the Battle of Irkutsk took place, where roughly 22,000 men, including Kornilov and Semyonov, surrendered to the Red Army. Alexander Kolchak, attempted to flee north, but was captured at Bratsk, where he was executed by partisans on April 11th. Finally, Diterikhs attempted to flee to Irkutsk as well, but got lost. He was saved by the White Army 2 months later, and was killed at the Battle of Chita.

References

1. Jackson, Herbert (1994). The Siberian Front.
2. Markovich, Sergey (1977). The Angara Attack (3rd ed.). p. 17.
3. Alexei, Brusilov (1922). Our Civil War.

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