Revision as of 14:46, 2 August 2024 editSeefooddiet (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers21,971 edits lead second paragraph repetitive with first paragraph; deleted.← Previous edit | Revision as of 21:17, 2 August 2024 edit undoSeefooddiet (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers21,971 edits →Hangul: another shortcut; worth referencing. also reworded for clarityNext edit → | ||
Line 128: | Line 128: | ||
| {{transliterate|ko|rr|]}} is compounded of the words {{transliterate|ko|rr|pan}} ({{korean|판}}) and {{transliterate|ko|rr|sori}} ({{korean|소리}}), the latter of which means "sound". | | {{transliterate|ko|rr|]}} is compounded of the words {{transliterate|ko|rr|pan}} ({{korean|판}}) and {{transliterate|ko|rr|sori}} ({{korean|소리}}), the latter of which means "sound". | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{shortcut|MOS:KOLABELS|MOS:KO-LABELS}} | |||
Labels can be removed by setting <code>labels=no</code>. It is recommended to disable labels after the first use if |
Labels can be removed by setting <code>labels=no</code>. It is recommended to disable labels after the first use if Korean is the only non-Latin text present on the article. Repeated identical labels introduce visual clutter with little additional understanding. Translations can also be included using the <code>|lit=</code> parameter. For example: | ||
{{markup | {{markup |
Revision as of 21:17, 2 August 2024
This idea is in the brainstorming stage. Feel free to add new ideas; improve, clarify and classify the ideas already here; and discuss the merits of these ideas on the talk page. | Shortcuts |
The following is a draft working towards a proposal for adoption as a Misplaced Pages policy, guideline, or process. The proposal must not be taken to represent consensus, but is still in development and under discussion, and has not yet reached the process of gathering consensus for adoption. Thus references or links to this page should not describe it as policy, guideline, nor yet even as a proposal. |
This page in a nutshell: Attempt to unify MOS:KO and WP:NCKO and establish clear guidelines for transliteration and referencing Korean sources. |
Manual of Style (MoS) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | ||||||||||
Formatting | ||||||||||
Images | ||||||||||
Layout | ||||||||||
Lists | ||||||||||
By topic area
|
||||||||||
Related guidelines | ||||||||||
This Manual of Style: Korea (MOS:KO) serves as a definitive style guide for all Misplaced Pages articles related to Korea, including but not limited to topics such as Korean history, culture, language, geography, politics, and notable figures. It provides comprehensive guidelines to ensure consistency, clarity, and accuracy in articles within the context of an English language encyclopedia.
Scope and organization
The guidelines in MOS:KO apply specifically to articles about Korea. These guidelines cover:
- Korean language: Including Hangul, Hanja, and romanization methods.
- Naming conventions: Guidelines for article titles on names, places, titles, dates, numbers, and units of measurement in a Korean context.
- Article layout and templates: Available templates and resources.
- Dates and numbers: Guidelines for dates and numbers in a Korean context.
- Referencing Korean sources: Guidelines on how to cite Korean sources.
Consensus on styles
See also: MOS:VAR and WP:CONSENSUSSometimes WP:MOS provides more than one acceptable style or gives no specific guidance. When an article is in the scope of MOS:KO in addition to other overlapping style guides, or where MOS:KO has various valid approaches to a specific situation, it is generally inappropriate for a Misplaced Pages editor to change from the existing style to another without good reason. Per MOS:VAR, where more than one style or format is acceptable, editors should establish WP:CONSENSUS and find a style to use consistently within an article. Edit warring over stylistic choices, for instance over which method to romanize Korean, is unacceptable.
Korean language
Main articles: Korean language and History of KoreanThe Korean language is written in a native alphabet Hangul, a non-Latin alphabet that was developed in the 15th century. Historically, Korea also used Chinese characters in the form of Hanja. Hangul and Hanja can be used together in what is called Korean mixed script. There are various romanization systems in use that transliterate both Hangul and Hanja into the same Latin characters used in English. The guidelines below detail their use when editing Misplaced Pages.
Use Korean-language terms sparingly
Per MOS:NON-ENG, use non–English terms sparingly. Korean terms can be used if they significantly add to understanding. I.e. given the choice between semantically equivalent words in English and Korean, prefer English words. For example, between maekju (Korean: 맥주; lit. beer) and beer, write beer. An exception to this is if the term maekju is specifically relevant to the topic, for example if it was a person's nickname or last word. Another example, between ssireum and wrestling, writing ssireum may be appropriate; ssireum is a Korea-specific variant of wrestling, and its unique characteristics may be relevant to the article.
English words of Korean origin
See also: WP:ENGLISH, WP:COMMONNAME, and List of English words of Korean originSome Korean-language terms have been adopted into the English language; such terms are found in English dictionaries and should be treated as English-language words. For example, "kimchi" and "taekwondo". In many cases, these terms have a common name spelling that differs from the output of typical transliteration systems. As we are on the English Misplaced Pages, spell these terms using the most common spellings used in English sources. For instance, "taekwondo" is romanized as taegwondo (RR) or t'aegwŏndo (MR), but its common English spelling is used throughout Misplaced Pages. Also, as these terms are functionally in English, do not italicize them using § Italicization of transliterated words and phrases.
Romanization & transliteration
ShortcutsPer MOS:NOTLATIN and WP:ACCESSIBILITY, Hangul and Hanja must include a romanization. There are two widely used Korean romanization systems:
- Revised Romanization (RR): Adopted as the official system in South Korea since 2000, it was created by the South Korean government to replace the McCune–Reischauer system.
- McCune–Reischauer (MR): Though its usage is declining, it is still used both inside and outside Korea. A variant was the official system in South Korea from 1984 to 2000. Another variant is currently the official system in North Korea.
In addition, the Yale romanization of Korean may sometimes be used, particularly among linguists.
What Korean romanization to use
The current community consensus by Misplaced Pages editors on what type of romanization to use is as follows:
- Revised Romanization (RR)
- Use for articles about South Korea.
- Use for topics related to Korea as a whole before the division of Korea in 1945.
- Use for Hanja instead of Hancha (MR).
Example: The South Korean province Gyeonggi Province uses RR instead of Kyŏnggi (MR) for its article.
- McCune–Reischauer (MR)
- Use for articles about North Korea.
- Use for pre-1945 Korean names.
Example: The North Korean province Kangwon Province uses MR instead of Gangwon (RR) for its article.
- Yale romanization of Korean
- Used rarely, but can be found on topics related to western linguistic studies of Korean.
Romanization templates
See also: Template:TransliterationAll these romanization methods can be introduced through the {{transliteration}} template.
For example, using RR:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{transliteration|ko|rr|Tteokbokki}} is a popular Korean food. |
Tteokbokki is a popular Korean food. |
Or using MR:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{transliteration|ko|mr|Ttŏkpokki}} is a popular Korean food. |
Ttŏkpokki is a popular Korean food. |
Or using the Yale transliteration method:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{transliteration|ko|yaleko|Ttekekki}} is a popular Korean food. |
Ttekekki is a popular Korean food. |
Italicization of transliterated words and phrases
See also: MOS:FOREIGNITALICItalics should be used for transliterated Korean words, phrases, or titles that are not listed in a standard English dictionary or that are likely to be unfamiliar to the reader.
- Y She was dressed in a hanbok.
- N She was dressed in a hanbok.
Repeated terms: If a word becomes familiar through repeated use in the article, for instance if it is the main subject matter of an article, it may be italicized only on the first occurrence. If the term appears rarely, italics and any optional parenthetical gloss may be retained.
- Y She was dressed in a hanbok. The hanbok is a traditional Korean dress.
- N She was dressed in a hanbok. The hanbok is a traditional Korean dress.
Proper nouns
Transliterated proper nouns (such as people's names, specific places, and things) are not italicized.
- Y He traveled to the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon.
- N He traveled to the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon.
Titles of works
See also: MOS:FOREIGNTITLETitles of works that have been transliterated should be presented in an italicized sentence style. In sentence style, only the first word of the title and subtitle and all proper nouns or any term that would be capitalized under the conventions of the original language are capitalized. Since Hangul does not have the concept of capital letters, this generally means just capitalizing the first word and any proper nouns.
- Y King Sejong wrote Worin cheongang jigok.
- N King Sejong wrote Worin Cheongang Jigok.
Alternatively, the transliteration can be presented with a parenthetical gloss with the original Hangul and/or Hanja, if relevant. If an English translation is provided (as opposed to a transliteration) it should also be italicized but using title style in the normal way:
- Y King Sejong wrote a poem called Songs of the Moon Shining on a Thousand Rivers (월인천강지곡; 月印千江之曲; Worin cheongang jigok).
- N King Sejong wrote a poem called Songs of the Moon Shining on a Thousand Rivers (월인천강지곡; 月印千江之曲; Worin Cheongang Jigok).
Capitalization of transliterated words and phrases
Except for transliterated § Titles of works, which should be in sentence case, capitalization should generally follow MOS:CAPS. Notably for us, if a transliterated term is not a proper noun, you should not capitalize it; there mat be exceptions based on what is commonly done in reliable sources, however.
Hangul
See also: MOS:NOTLATIN, Template:Korean, and Template:Lang-ko ShortcutsThe inclusion of Hangul in articles is encouraged, provided the following guidelines are observed. Many Korean words and names share similar or identical romanizations, and translations of Korean terms into English can be inexact or confusing without additional context. Including Hangul characters helps clarify these cases. However, appropriate romanizations should always accompany Hangul characters in an article.
Hangul can be introduced using the {{korean}} template. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{transliterate|ko|rr|]}} is compounded of the words {{transliterate|ko|rr|pan}} ({{korean|판}}) and {{transliterate|ko|rr|sori}} ({{korean|소리}}), the latter of which means "sound". |
Pansori is compounded of the words pan (Korean: 판) and sori (Korean: 소리), the latter of which means "sound". |
Labels can be removed by setting labels=no
. It is recommended to disable labels after the first use if Korean is the only non-Latin text present on the article. Repeated identical labels introduce visual clutter with little additional understanding. Translations can also be included using the |lit=
parameter. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{transliterate|ko|rr|]}} is compounded of the words {{transliterate|ko|rr|bibim}} ({{korean|비빔|lit=mixed}}) and {{transliterate|ko|rr|bap}} ({{korean|밥|lit=rice|labels=no}}). |
Bibimbap is compounded of the words bibim (Korean: 비빔; lit. mixed) and bap (밥; lit. rice). |
Italics and bolding
ShortcutsAvoid displaying Hangul characters in italics or bold, as they are already distinctive enough, and the formatting makes them less legible: 한 한 한 한. The templates {{nobold}}, {{noitalic}}, and {{normal}} can be used to remove this formatting in places where it is the default, such as within infoboxes.
Parenthetical gloss
When a name, term, or phrase that comes from Korean is mentioned for the first time in an article, Hangul text should be included in parentheses. Use the {{korean}} template for correct formatting.
- Y She was dressed in a hanbok (한복; lit. Korean dress).
Avoid using Korean words without translation or further context on their first occurrence.
- N She was dressed in a hanbok (한복).
There is no need to include the Hangul if the Korean word has its own article on Misplaced Pages. The article in question should be linked within the {{transliterate}} template on the first use of the word. For example:
- Y She was dressed in a hanbok.
Korean terms that have their own article
For ease of reading and to reduce redundancy, Hangul should generally not be included for names or terms that have their own articles. Readers who wish to see the native representation should be able to find it on the linked article.
- Y Yi Sun-sin, along with King ...
- N Yi Sun-sin (이순신), along with King ...
Where the Hangul is key to the subject
However, articles should stand on their own. Characters for terms should be included, even if they have their own article, if their native representation is key to the subject within the article or their absence leaves other statements in the article unexplained:
- Y Bulgogi is compounded of the Korean words bul (불; lit. fire) and gogi (고기; lit. meat).
- N Bulgogi is compounded of the Korean words bul, which means "fire," and gogi, which means "meat."
Hanja
See also: Template:Korean and Template:Lang-ko ShortcutToday, Hanja is rarely used in South Korea and not used at all in North Korea. The South Korean education system includes some instruction in Hanja, but its practical use in daily life is minimal. It is mostly seen in specialized fields such as historical research, legal documents, literature, and academic works. In North Korea, Hanja has been completely phased out in favor of Hangul since the Korean War.
However, Hanja's inclusion in Misplaced Pages articles can be valuable distinguishing between Korean words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings (homophones). For example, the Hangul spelling of a word may be identical for two different terms, but the Hanja can clarify their distinct meanings. It can also help for understanding classical Korean literature or historical documents. Older texts and classical Korean poetry often contain Hanja, which can provide deeper insight into the linguistic and cultural context of the period.
Hanja can be introduced using the {{korean}} template. This template allows for the inclusion of both the Hangul and Hanja characters, along with their romanizations and translations if necessary.
This helps provide a comprehensive understanding of the term being discussed. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Goguryeo ({{korean|hangul=고구려|hanja=高句麗}}) |
|
Labels can be removed by setting labels=no
. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Goguryeo ({{korean|hangul=고구려|hanja=高句麗|labels=no}}) |
Goguryeo (고구려; 高句麗) |
When to use Hanja
Hanja should be used sparingly and only when it adds significant value to the article. Appropriate usage includes:
- Disambiguation: When different Korean words have the same or similar romanizations or Hangul spellings, Hanja can help distinguish between them.
- Explaining etymology: When explaining the origin of words, if the origin is strongly related to the topic of the article.
- Historical contexts: For topics from periods when Hanja was commonly used, particularly before the widespread adoption of Hangul.
- Scholarly references: In academic or scholarly articles where the inclusion of Hanja provides clarity or is standard practice.
Hanja vs Mandarin Chinese
Korean words and names (e.g., 寶拉 for the name Bora) are not considered Hanja. Hanja are specific Chinese characters used in the Korean language with unique Korean pronunciations and meanings. Including Mandarin transcriptions of Korean words, which are used for Mandarin speakers, is generally not appropriate in Korea related articles on the English Misplaced Pages.
Examples
In historical articles, Hanja can provide additional clarity:
- Y The kingdom of Goguryeo (Korean: 고구려; Hanja: 高句麗) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
- Y The scholar Yi Hwang (Korean: 이황; Hanja: 李滉) was a prominent Confucian scholar during the Joseon Dynasty.
In summary, the use of Hanja should be reserved for cases where it enhances the reader's understanding and provides necessary disambiguation or historical context.
Spaces between words
For Hangul, the basic rule of thumb is that there are spaces between words that are each 2 or more syllables in length, while there is no space between 2 one-character words or between a one-character word and a 2-or-more-character word. (The rules are of course actually much more complicated than this and depend upon the grammatical categories of the words in question, but this rule of thumb generally holds for non–proper nouns.)
While Hangul and Korean mixed script (Hangul and Hanja together) use spaces between words, text written only in Hanja is usually written without spaces. Thus, gosokhwa doro ("freeway" or "motorway") is written as 고속화 도로 (with a space) in Hangul, but as 高速化道路 (without a space) in Hanja.
Additional guidelines
Translation and transliteration help
If you are unsure how to romanize a word or phrase, follow the following steps:
- Include the Hangul using the {{korean}} template
- If possible, produce a rough translation.
- Use the {{not English inline}} template next to the text to be verified. This will produce an inline note.
- At the top of the section add the {{cleanup-translation}} template. This will allow another to can later verify or correct the romanization and/or any translation.
- Post
{{subst:Needtrans|pg=Misplaced Pages:Template index/Translation |language=<Language> |comments= }} ~~~~
to the bottom of the bottom of the WP:PNTCU section on Misplaced Pages:Pages needing translation into English. - add
|listed=y
parameter to the {{cleanup-translation}} template.
For example:
{{cleanup-translation|Korean|listed=y|date=July 2024}} The {{Korean|집현전|labels=no}}{{tl|not English inline|Korean}} was a Korean royal research institute during the Joseon period.
Will produce:
Y
This article contains translated text and needs attention from someone fluent in Korean and English.
Please see this article's entry on Pages needing translation into English for discussion. (July 2024)The 집현전 was a Korean royal research institute during the Joseon period.
Clarification of Romanization method
To clarify to editors which system is being used on a particular article, the {{Revised Romanization}}, {{McCune–Reischauer}}, and {{Yale Romanization}} templates can be placed on the article's talk page. For example, placing the {{McCune–Reischauer}} template will render:
This redirect uses the McCune–Reischauer romanization of Korean, which has its own transliteration conventions (e.g., Chosŏn, Tŏkkŏkki, P'ansori) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from RR, Yale or other romanizations of Korean. According to the relevant Korean style guide, this should not be changed without broad consensus. Per WP:COMMONNAME, use words commonly established in English over any transliteration if they exist. |
Wiktionary links
Do not add a Wiktionary link to Korean text (Hangul, Hanja, etc.) except the following cases:
- If understanding running text can be difficult without a Wiktionary link
- Linguistic contexts (e.g. when the topic is about lexical items)
Adding a link to Wiktionary is not a requirement. If the meaning of a Korean term or phrase must be explained in an article, the explanation can be simply given within that article without a Wiktionary link.
In any case, these are not allowed:
- Blindly adding a link to each Hangul character (e.g. 기다리다 (
{{linktext|기|다|리|다}}
) – this does not give any idea what 기다리다 actually means) - Adding Wiktionary links to
- personal names (including pseudonyms such as pen names, stage names, etc.). The meaning of a name does not describe a person, and the definition of a personal name is usually nothing more than "a personal name".
- terms that are not suitable for dictionary entries (e.g. 새터데이 – merely a transcription of English "Saturday" and is not used as a word in Korean).
Two or more links in a row are discouraged. See WP:SEAOFBLUE: When possible, do not place links next to each other, to avoid appearing like a single link
.
When there is any dispute about a Wiktionary link, the burden lies with the editor who wants to add or retain the link. But any Wiktionary link should be in compliance with the rule above.
Article layout and templates
See also: MOS:LAYOUTIntroductory sentence
See also: MOS:LEADAn encyclopedia entry with a title that is a Korean proper name should include both the Korean characters (Hangul) and the IPA representations for English and Korean in the first sentence. The article title itself should generally be romanized according to the Romanization guideline below.
The template {{Korean}} may be used to add Korean characters and IPA representations to articles' introductory sentences in a consistent manner. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
'''Lee Myung-bak''' ({{Korean|hangul=이명박|hanja=李明博}}; {{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|iː|_|ˌ|m|j|ʌ|ŋ|_|ˈ|b|ɑː|k}}; {{IPA-ko|i mjʌŋbak|lang}}; born 1941) |
|
Korean can be used in other infoboxes. Some, such as {{Infobox settlement}} have |native_name=
and |native_name_lang=
which can be used for Korean. In this way 'English' infoboxes can be used for Korean topics; for instance {{Infobox royalty}} should be used for Korean kings, see Sejong the Great for an example.
Footnote and hatnotes for family names
See also: WP:HAT and Template:Family_name_explanation § Footnotes_vs._hatnotesSometimes, it is not obvious to readers which part of a Korean personal name is the family name. To clarify this, you can use the below footnote or hatnote templates. There is no universal consensus on whether to use footnotes or hatnotes for family name explanations. However, never use both. For people of Korean heritage that have clearly adopted a western style name (e.g. James Kim, Lucy Choi) no explanation is needed.
Family Name Footnotes: The template {{family name footnote}} should be added after the use of a person's name to produce an inline footnote. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
'''Lee Myung-bak'''{{Family name footnote|]|lang=Korean]]}} (born 19 December 1941) is a South Korean former politician... |
Lee Myung-bak (born 19 December 1941) is a South Korean former politician...
|
Footnotes are a Lower-emphasis method of name explanation. Some editors argue that they better avoid giving undue prominence to name explanations. Others argue that they fit name explanations better as they do not muddle the navigational purpose of hatnotes. They may be particularly well-suited to articles that already have other hatnotes (where another might induce banner blindness) or where there is a preexisting footnote system (and thus no need to introduce one). They also have the advantage of being used for multiple different people in the same article.
Family name hatnotes: The template {{Family name hatnote}} can be added to the top of an article (after the {{Short description}}) to produce a hatnote. For example:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{family name hatnote|]|lang=Korean}} '''Lee Myung-bak''' (born 19 December 1941) is a South Korean former politician... |
In this Korean name, the family name is Lee. Lee Myung-bak (born 19 December 1941) is a South Korean former politician... |
Hatnotes are a high-emphasis method of name explanation. Some editors argue that they are well-suited to articles where the name is particularly in need of clarification or where a footnote system would have to be introduced for the explanation about something else.
Categorization
See also: Misplaced Pages:CategorizationSome pages or categories related to Korea need to be categorized within general categories. For example, Category:Military of South Korea is categorized within Category:Military by country. In such cases, it is useful to sort the page or category by country (see Misplaced Pages:Categorization#Category sorting). When categorizing Korea-specific content specific within general categories, the sort key should be set to one of the following:
- Use "Korea" for content related to Korea as a whole.
- Use "Korea, North" for content related specifically to North Korea.
- Use "Korea, South" for content related specifically to South Korea.
By standardizing the sort keys, readers can search for Korea-related content in a consistent manner.
It is also often the case that content related specifically to North Korea or South Korea should be categorized within a general Korean category. For example, Category:Religion in North Korea is categorized within Category:Religion in Korea. In such cases, the sort key should be set to " North Korea" or " South Korea" (note the space in front of "North" and "South") so that they appear in the beginning of the page or subcategory list of the general Korean category.
Templates
A generic Korean article template has been created, with the following features:
- An appropriate infobox template (see below)
- A default Category:Korea link. Ideally, the article should link to the appropriate subcategory listed on the Korea-related categories page.
Infobox templates
Infobox Korean name | |
Hangul | Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (help) |
---|---|
Hanja | Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (help) |
Revised Romanization | {{{rr}}} |
McCune–Reischauer | {{{mr}}} |
- Template:Infobox Korean name - for general Korean and South Korean topics. For North Korean topics, use the attribute "context=north".
Geographic templates
- Template:Regions and administrative divisions of North Korea
- Template:Regions and administrative divisions of South Korea
- Template:Eight Provinces of Korea
- Template:Korea-geo-stub
Language templates
Miscellaneous
No name table
Naming conventions
Personal, organization, and company names should generally be romanized according to their common usage in English sources. If there is no established English spelling, then Revised Romanization should be used for South Korean names and McCune–Reischauer for North Korean and pre-1945 Korean names.
Generally, Korean templates should be used to show the native script and both romanizations. Please be sure to create redirects from both romanizations and any other likely romanizations and common misspellings.
People
See also: § Author's name ShortcutsFor Korean names of people, follow the below guidance step by step
- 1. Use established English common name
- In the first instance, use the established English common name from reliable sources. This ensures that names are recognized and consistent with widely accepted usage.
- 2. Personal preference romanization
- In the second instance, use the Romanization of the personal preference of the person in question. This respects individual choices and ensures that names are represented as preferred by the individuals themselves.
- 3. Modified transliteration based on historical context
- If the above cannot be established, transliterate the name into RR or MR depending on the article's consensus. Then perform the following modifications to the transliterated family name:
Hangul | RR | MR | Common Modified Romanization |
---|---|---|---|
Korean: 김 | Gim | Kim | Kim |
Korean: 이 | I | I | Lee |
Korean: 박 | Bak | Pak | Park |
Korean: 최 | Choe | Ch'oe | Choi |
Korean: 정 | Jeong | Chŏng | Jung |
Korean: 강 | Gang | Kang | Kang |
Korean: 조 | Jo | Cho | Cho |
Korean: 윤 | Yun | Yun | Yoon |
Korean: 장 | Jang | Chang | Jang |
Korean: 임 | Im | Im | Lim |
- Then hyphenate each syllable of the given name, capitalizing just the first sylable. Editors may use their discretion about any further common modifications not extensively listed here in this style guide to obtain a common romanized name. For example:
- Y천우희 -> Cheon U hui -> Chun Woo-hee
- 4. Ambiguity and many-to-one mapping
- If the name based on the modified RR or MR creates a many-to-one mapping, such as Chun (전 and 천) and Woo (우 and 유), and the person in question does not have thier own Misplaced Pages article, the Hangul should be provided in the article text in a parenthetical gloss using the {{korean}} template. This additional detail helps resolve any ambiguity and ensures clarity. For example:
- Y Chun Doo-hwan (Korean: 전두환)
Royalty
Generally, if there is no established common name for a monarch, their article titles should use the format "Name of Kingdom". For example: Taejo of Joseon and Gojong of Korea. There are currently some exceptions to this pattern, due to either common name (e.g. Sejong the Great) or disambiguation (Queen Seondeok of Silla and King Seondeok of Silla).
Appropriate infobox templates should be used.
Place names
Articles about places should use the appropriate infobox templates.
Generally, place names are romanized according to the official romanization system of the country the place is a part of. Thus, North Korean place names use McCune-Reischauer Romanization, while South Korean place names use the Revised Romanization of Korean.
Administrative divisions
Provinces
Translate the terms for administrative divisions "-do". For example, North Gyeongsang Province, not Gyeongsangbuk-do.
Cities
For cities, use the romanization of the city name, without the "-si" (e.g., Seoul, Busan). If disambiguation is needed, "City" may be added.
Counties
For counties, use the romanization of the county name with "County" as the translation for "-gun" or "-kun". If disambiguation is needed, the upper level administrative division's name may be added as the generic class (e.g., Unsan County, South Pyongan).
Districts
There are two kind of districts, autonomous districts (자치구) and non-autonomous districts (일반구). For autonomous districts, use the romanization of the district name with "District" translated the "-gu". Non-autonomous districts are named "X-gu". For North Korean locales, use the romanization of the district name with the "-guyok". For North Korean locales -ku, -chigu, use the romanization of the county name, without the "-ku, -chigu".
Towns, neighbourhoods and villages
For clarity, non-autonomous divisions' articles should be titled with the full name. Towns are named "X-eup" (although "-eup" can be omitted), Townships "X-myeon", Neighbourhoods "X-dong" and villages "X-ri".
Level | Type | Name | Hangul | Incorrect | Disambiguate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Provincial level | Province Special self-governing province |
North Gyeongsang Province | 경상북도 | Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Gyeongbuk Province | Gangwon Province (South Korea) |
Special city Metropolitan city Special self-governing city |
Seoul | 서울특별시 | Seoul Teukbyeolsi | Sejong City | |
Municipal level | City | Suwon | 수원시 | Suwon-si | Anyang, Gyeonggi |
County | Chilgok County | 칠곡군 | Chilgok-gun, Chilgok | Goseong County, South Gyeongsang | |
District | Jongno District | 종로구 | Jongno-gu, Jongno-gu District | Jung District, Daegu | |
Submunicipal level | District | Deogyang-gu | 덕양구 | Deogyang District | Nam-gu, Pohang |
Town | Gaeun Pyeongchang-eup Munsan-myeon |
가은읍 평창읍 문산면 |
Gaeun Town Pyeongchang Town Munsan Township |
Seo-myeon, Gyeongju | |
Neighborhood Village |
Samseong-dong Nogeun-ri |
삼성동 노근리 |
Samseong Neighborhood Nogeun Village |
Buam-dong, Seoul |
Level | Type | Name | Hangul | Incorrect | Disambiguate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-level | Province | North Hwanghae Province | 황해북도 | Hwanghaebuk-do, North Hwanghae | Kangwon Province (North Korea) |
Directly governed city Special city Special administrative region |
Pyongyang | 평양직할시 | P'yŏngyang, Pyongyang Chikhalsi | Sinuiju Special Administrative Region | |
Second-level | City | Sinuiju | 신의주시 | Sinuiju-si | Anju, South Pyongan |
County | Kapsan County | 갑산군 | Kapsan-kun, Kapsan | Unsan County, South Pyongan | |
District | Chung-guyok Chongnam Tukchang |
중구역 청남구 득장지구 |
Chung Chongnam-ku Tukchang-chigu |
Kumho, South Hamgyong | |
Third-level | Town | Pochon-up | 보천읍 | Pochon Town | Kujang (town) |
Neighbourhood Village |
Kijong-dong Punggye-ri |
기정동 풍계리 |
Kijong Neighbourhood Punggye Village |
— | |
Worker's district | Namyang Workers' District | 남양로동자구 | Namyang Rodongja-ku | — |
Other geography
Mountains
If there is no clear WP:COMMONNAME for a mountain, apply the following:
- If the mountain's Korean name ends with either of the terms "san" ( Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |label= (help)) or "bong" ( Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |label= (help)), title their articles with their full unhyphenated Korean names. For example, Seoraksan and Moranbong.
- If disambiguation is needed, "mountain" can be added—see Misplaced Pages:Disambiguation.
- If the mountain's name ends in "oreum", split the name. For example, Yongnuni Oreum and not Yongnunioreum.
- Splitting appears to be the general common name convention for oreum. Splitting also results in fewer spelling ambiguities and more segmented names that are easier to quickly parse.
Rivers
Articles about rivers should be named with the river's short Korean name (without gang or kang) followed by the word River. Thus the article on the Nakdong (Nakdonggang) is at Nakdong River.
If disambiguation with a non-Korean river is needed, "(Korea)" can be added -- see Misplaced Pages:Disambiguation. An example of this would be Han River (Korea).
Islands
For islands, the full unhyphenated Korean name including do or seom should be used, as in Baengnyeongdo. If disambiguation is needed, "island" can be added -- see Misplaced Pages:Disambiguation.
This convention applies to islands without an accepted English name. If a different name has been established in common English usage, it should be used, per Misplaced Pages:Use common names.
Sea of Japan
See also: Talk:Sea of Japan/FAQ ShortcutFor all articles use: ]
which is the common name for the sea among English-language sources.
Buildings and structures
Temples
For Buddhist temples, the full unhyphenated Korean name including sa should be used, as in Bulguksa. If disambiguation is needed, "Temple" can be added -- see Misplaced Pages:Disambiguation.
This convention applies to temples without an accepted English name. If a different name has been established in common English usage, it should be used, per Misplaced Pages:Use common names.
This convention may be applied mutatis mutandis to Confucian and other shrines which lack common or official English names, such as the Jongmyo.
Works
For articles about works (books, paintings, etc), romanize titles of works per § Romanization & transliteration, and capitalize and italicize per § Titles of works and MOS:TITLE.
Dates and numbers
See also: MOS:NUMDate format
See also: MOS:DATEFORMAT, Date and time notation in South Korea, and List of date formats by countryFor articles that are mostly about Korea, we recommend the use of the MDY date format over the DMY date format. This is due to MOS:DATETIES; while South Korea and North Korea both use YMD in the Korean language, most English-language news sources in both Koreas appear to use MDY as of 2024.
MDY date format:
- Y The March First Movement began on March 1, 1919.
DMY date format:
- N The March First Movement began on 1 March 1919.
Per MOS:DATEUNIFY, be consistent about which date format is used within each article. Per MOS:DATERET, if a date format conversion is potentially controversial, obtain a WP:DISCUSSCONSENSUS before switching the date format.
Calendars
Prior to the 20th century, Korea used a lunisolar calendar: the Korean calendar. Per MOS:OSNS, while this calendar is permissible to use, all dates provided using this calendar must have an equivalent Gregorian calendar date. We encourage, for consistency with most of the rest of Misplaced Pages, that dates in the Gregorian calendar be the primary dates given, with Korean calendar dates optionally given as side notes. If you do use the lunar calendar, you should clearly indicate which dates are lunar.
Units of measurement
See also: Korean units of measurementPer MOS:UNIT, prefer the use of SI units. If other Korea-related units are used in your sources, such as the li (ri) or pyeong, it is permissible but less preferred to use such units on Misplaced Pages. If you do use such units, it is recommended you provide conversions of these to SI units and link to relevant articles about the units.
Referencing Korean sources
See also: MOS:REFERENCES, WP:CITE, WP:CITEVAR, and WP:CITECONSENSUSAuthor's name
See also: § PeopleWhen citing Korean authors, editors and contributors for works to be referenced in an article, it is important to maintain consistency in the order of family names and given names as they appear in the source.
Western-style names
If the author of Korean descent has adopted the Western-style name in the source, i.e. where the family name is the last name, use the first and last parameters as normal:
|last = Choi | first = Lucy
renders:
- YChoi, Lucy
Korean-style names in English
If the author presents their family name first, this should be preserved using an author-mask parameter.
|last = Jung | first = Yi-Seop | author-mask1 = Jung Yi-Seop
renders:
- YJung Yi-Seop
Not doing so will index the name with a comma, which should be avoided.
|last = Jung | first = Yi-Seop
renders:
- NJung, Yi-Seop
Korean-style names in Hangul
When an authors name is in Hangul, always provide the romanized form of the author's name. The original Hangul may optionally be given immediately following the romanised name in an author-mask parameter:
|last = Hong | first = Hong Yi-Seop |author-mask1 = Hong Yi-Seop 홍이섭
renders:
- YHong Yi-Seop 홍이섭
Do not put the Hangul for the name in parenthesis or without a romanisation:
- NHong Yi-Seop (홍이섭)
- N홍이섭
Korean-style names in Hanja
Include Hanja only if it is provided in the source reference and if it significantly aids understanding, for example in an academic or historical context, when the author's name is commonly written in Hanja. The Hangul may also optionally be provided.
- Y
|author-mask1 = Hong Yi-Seop 홍이섭 崔鉉培
renders:
- YHong Yi-Seop 홍이섭 崔鉉培
Formatting multiple authors
Authors with both Western and Korean publications
When a reference list includes works by the same author in English and Korean, the author's name may be spelled or spaced differently based on the language of the publication.
For works published in English, present the author's name as it appears in the publication. For works published in Korean, use the standard romanization according either RR or MR depending on the article concensus.
If the author's name appears differently across references (e.g., differing spellings in English-language works versus the standard transliteration), denote the connection between the two by including the standard romanization and the published or preferred romanization in square brackets, as shown in the example below:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{refbegin|indent=yes}} * {{citation | last = Lee | first = Sungjoo | author-mask = Lee, Sungjoo | title = Formation of the Silla and Gaya Ceramic Styles | journal = Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology | volume = 6 | year = 2012 | pages = 90–101 }} :: * {{citation | last = Lee | first = Seongjoo | author-mask = Lee Seongjoo 이성주 | title = Cheongdonggi · cheolgi sidae sahoe byeondongron | script-title = ko:청동기·철기 시대 사회 변동론 | trans-title = Social transformation from the Bronze to Iron Ages | publisher = Hagyeon Munhwasa | year = 2007 | location = Seoul }} :: {{refend}} |
|
Titles
Transliteration and Original Script: Use transliterations for titles in the title parameter and include the original Hangul or Hanja in the script-title parameter.
Example: |title = Han-Jung munhwa gyoryu wa nambang haero Example: |script-title = ko:韓中文化交流와 南方海路
Translation: Always provide a translation of the title in square brackets in the trans-title parameter.
Example: |trans-title = Han-Chinese Cultural Exchange and the Southern Sea Route
Publishers and locations
Publisher Names: Provide the original name of the publisher untranslated, followed by the transliterated form and optionally the original Hangul.
Example: |publisher = Gukhak jaryowon 국학자료원 國學資料院 Location Names: Use the standard English name for locations if a common name exists. For historical or less common locations, use transliterations based on the context. Example: |location = Seoul
Formatting
Square Brackets: Use square brackets for translations in the trans-title parameter to ensure consistency and clarity.
Example: |trans-title = Han-Chinese Cultural Exchange and the Southern Sea Route
Mandatory elements
Minimizing Requirements: Minimize mandatory elements to encourage proper citation practices. Require original script for author names and titles when transliterations are ambiguous or unorthodox.
Additional considerations
Hanja: Use Hanja if it adds significant clarity, especially for authors and titles.
Example: |author-mask1 = Choe Hyeonbae 최현배 崔鉉培
Historical Context: For pre-1945 works, use MR (McCune-Reischauer) transliterations; for post-1945 works, use RR (Revised Romanization).
Examples citations of Korean sources
Per WP:CITESTYLE, editors can use any appropriate reference style for a particular article, so long as it is consistent. Editors are strongly encouraged to use appropriate Citation Style 1 or Citation Style 2 template when listing works.
The following examples explain common do's and don'ts when using Misplaced Pages's Citation style but apply equally well to APA style, ASA style, MLA style, The Chicago Manual of Style etc. too.
Correctly formatted examples
- Y Jo Yeongnok, ed. (1997), Han-Jung munhwa gyoryu wa nambang haero (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- Reference provides transliteration per WP:Accessibility
- Y Jo Yeongnok, ed. (1997), Han-Jung munhwa gyoryu wa nambang haero (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- Reference provides transliteration and translation in square brackets.
- Y Jo Yeongnok 曹永祿, ed. (1997), 韓中文化交流와 南方海路 (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon 國學資料院, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- While the reference does not provide a transliteration of the title, it does provide a translation and optional original script in Hangul/Hanja
- Y Jo Yeongnok 曹永祿, ed. (1997), Han-Jung munhwa gyoryu wa nambang haero 韓中文化交流와 南方海路 (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon 國學資料院, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- Reference provides transliteration, translation and optional original script in Hangul/Hanja
Common formatting mistakes
- N 曹永祿, ed. (1997), 韓中文化交流와 南方海路, 서울: 國學資料院, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- Original script in Hangul and Hanja is presented without transliteration.
- N Jo, Yeongnok, ed. (1997), Han-Jung munhwa gyoryu wa nambang haero 韓中文化交流와 南方海路 (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon 國學資料院, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- The author-mask parameter has not been used leading to the name not being properly formated.
- N Jo Yeongnok 曹永祿, ed. (1997), Han-Jung Munhwa Gyoryu Wa Nambang Haero 韓中文化交流와 南方海路 (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon 國學資料院, ISBN 978-89-8206-169-1
- The transliteration has been overly capitalized. Non-latin transliterations should be capitalised sentence style meaning only the first word and any proper nouns should be capitalized.
Other examples
- ? Jo Yeongnok 조영록 曹永祿, ed. (1997), Han-Jung munhwa gyoryu wa nambang haero 한중문화교류와 남방해로 韓中文化交流와 南方海路 (in Korean), Seoul: Gukhak jaryowon 국학자료원 國學資料院
- The editor has provided additional information not contained in the source. They have translated the title into Hangul from Hanja and also provided an english translation of the publisher in square brackets. This extra information would usually be deemed unnecessary. In unusual circumstances it might be acceptable, for instance if the source has no ISBN, DOI, OCLC or archive URL and would otherwise be very difficult to verify.
Unusual examples
The following references are other examples from a HJAS style sheet.
- Naemubu che-2 kwa 内務部 第二課, “Okku sŏbu surijohap kwan’gye sŏryu” 沃溝西部水利組合關係書類 ; MS no. 90-0741, National Archives of Korea 국가기록원, Taejŏn, South Korea.
- Tae Myŏngnyul chikhae 大明律直解 , 30 kwŏn in 4 vols., v. 2, k. 6, p. 2a; No. 古 5130-11, Kyujanggak Archive 규장각, Seoul National University 서울대학교, Seoul.
- See the daily entry for Sejong’s 世宗 reign year 26, month 2, day 29 (kyŏngja 庚子) in Chosŏn wangjo sillok 朝鮮王朝實錄, comp. National Institute of Korean History 國史編纂委員會 (Kwach’ŏn, Kyŏnggido: Kuksa p’yŏnch’an wiwŏnhoe, 2006– ) , http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kda_12602020_001.
- T’aejong 1 太宗 /08/22 (muin 戊寅) in Sillok, http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kca_10108022_001.
These references are in CMOS format and some elements do not easly fit into the {{citation}} template. Per WP:CITESTYLE editors do not use these templates and can use an alternative citation style, so long as it is consistent. In the examples above, they can be formatted using the {{wikicite}} template:
Text.{{sfnp|Tae Myŏngnyul chikhae (c. 17th Century)}} Some more text. And finally, some more text over here. == Notes == {{reflist}} == References == {{refbegin|indent=yes}} * {{wikicite | ref = {{harvid|Tae Myŏngnyul chikhae (c. 17th Century)}} | reference = Tae Myŏngnyul chikhae 大明律直解 , 30 kwŏn in 4 vols., v. 2, k. 6, p. 2a; No. 古 5130-11, Kyujanggak Archive 규장각, Seoul National University 서울대학교, Seoul.}} {{refend}}
See also
MOS
- Misplaced Pages:Manual_of_Style#Non-English_terms
- Misplaced Pages:Manual_of_Style#Other_non-English_concerns
- Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style/Accessibility
- Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style#Foreign terms
- Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Foreign terms
- Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style/Linking
- Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style/Linking#Interwiki links
Useful templates
- Template:Transliteration
- Template:Lang
- Template:Lang/doc#Rationale
- Category:Korean_multilingual_support_templates
Notes and references
Notes
Citations
References
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "CMOS" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "MLA" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "APA" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "HJAS" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "Oxford" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "Yale" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Bibliography
- American Psychological Association (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Washington: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/0000165-000. ISBN 978-1-4338-3215-4. LCCN 2019948381.
- Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (2022). "Style Sheet" (PDF). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-13.
- Huh, Sun (2017-08-16). "How to romanize Korean characters in international journals" (PDF). Science Editing. 4 (2): 80–85. doi:10.6087/kcse.100. ISSN 2288-8063. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 Jul 2024.
- Journal of Korean Studies (n.d.). "Journal of Korean Studies Style Guide" (PDF). Duke University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-18.
- Oxford University Press (2016). New Oxford Style Manual (New 2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-876725-1. LCCN 2016299976.
- Modern Language Association of America (2008). MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd ed.). New York: Modern Language Association of America. ISBN 978-0-87352-297-7 – via Internet Archive.
- ——— (2021). MLA Handbook (9th ed.). New York: Modern Language Association of America. ISBN 978-1-60329-561-1. LCCN 2020039581.
- University of British Columbia (2016). "American Psychological Association style guide for Korean source" (PDF). Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 Jun 2024.
- University of Chicago Press (2017). The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/cmos17. ISBN 978-0-226-28705-8. LCCN 2017020712.
- Yale University Library. "Quick Guide on Citation Style for Chinese, Japanese and Korean Sources: Home". Yale University Library Research Guides. Yale University Library. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16.
External references
- (in Korean) dictionary.seoul.go.kr - Seoul City Government Web site giving official English names and romanizations for various concepts, including places, foods, railway lines, etc.
- (in English and Korean) Korean Romanization Converter
- Culture Ministry sets guideline for Romanizing Korean names
Manual of Style | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | |||||||||||||||||
Formatting | |||||||||||||||||
Images | |||||||||||||||||
Layout | |||||||||||||||||
Lists | |||||||||||||||||
By topic area |
| ||||||||||||||||
Related guidelines | |||||||||||||||||
Search | |||||||||||||||||