Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:04, 19 August 2024 editKaliforniyka (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers80,086 edits →top ← Previous edit		Revision as of 03:30, 20 August 2024 edit undoKaliforniyka (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers80,086 edits correct place of birthNext edit →
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			\| birth_place = ], London<ref name="births">{{cite news \|title= Births \|work=] \|publisher=The Times Digital Archive \|date=8 May 1895 \|page= 1}}</ref>
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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	He was born in ~~the parish of~~ ], ], ], the son of ] and his wife, ]. In 1908, his father Victor succeeded as ], thus Edward was styled by the ] Marquess of Hartington. Lord Hartington was educated at ] and ].<ref name=WWW>{{cite book\|title=Who Was Who, 1941–1950\|year=1952\|publisher=A & C Black\|page=310}}</ref>		Edward was born at 37, ], ],<ref name="births"/> the son of ] and his wife, ]. In 1908, his father Victor succeeded as ], thus Edward was styled by the ] Marquess of Hartington. Lord Hartington was educated at ] and ].<ref name=WWW>{{cite book\|title=Who Was Who, 1941–1950\|year=1952\|publisher=A & C Black\|page=310}}</ref>

	He was, after his father's death, the owner of ], and one of the largest private landowners in both ] and ].		He was, after his father's death, the owner of ], and one of the largest private landowners in both ] and ].
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	The then Marquess of Hartington began service with the ] as a second lieutenant in the ] in 1913.<ref name=kelly1>{{cite book\|title=Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1916\|publisher=Kelly's\|page=714}}</ref>		The then Marquess of Hartington began service with the ] as a second lieutenant in the ] in 1913.<ref name=kelly1>{{cite book\|title=Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1916\|publisher=Kelly's\|page=714}}</ref>

	Mobilised at the outbreak of the ], he was an aide-de-camp (ADC) on the Personal Staff<ref name=kelly2>{{cite book\|title=Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Official and Landed Classes, 1948\|publisher=Kelly's\|page=626}}</ref> at the ]'s General Headquarters. In 1916, when promoted captain, he rejoined his regiment, in Egypt, and served in the latter stages of the Dardanelles campaign. He then returned to France, became attached to Military Intelligence, then to the War Office and the British Military Mission in Paris, and was twice mentioned in despatches.<ref name=WWW/> In 1919 he served on the British peace delegation that attended the signing of the ] and was appointed ].<ref name=WWW/> He also became a knight of the French ].<ref name=WWW/>		Mobilised at the outbreak of the ], he was an aide-de-camp (ADC) on the Personal Staff<ref name=kelly2>{{cite book\|title=Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Official and Landed Classes, 1948\|publisher=Kelly's\|page=626}}</ref> at the ]'s General Headquarters. In 1916, when promoted captain, he rejoined his regiment, in Egypt, and served in the latter stages of the Dardanelles campaign. He then returned to France, became attached to Military Intelligence, then to the War Office and the British Military Mission in Paris, and was twice mentioned in despatches.<ref name=WWW/> In 1919, he served on the British peace delegation that attended the signing of the ] and was appointed ].<ref name=WWW/> He also became a knight of the French ].<ref name=WWW/>

	He continued serving after the war with his regiment, which became 24 (Derbyshire Yeomanry) Armoured Car Company of the ] in 1923. He was promoted major in 1932, and became lieutenant colonel in command in 1935.<ref name=kelly2/> He was awarded the ].<ref name=WWW/> He was also Honorary Colonel of the ] of the ] from 1917 to 1937, and of its successor, the ] of the ].<ref name=kelly2/>		He continued serving after the war with his regiment, which became 24 (Derbyshire Yeomanry) Armoured Car Company of the ] in 1923. He was promoted major in 1932, and became lieutenant colonel in command in 1935.<ref name=kelly2/> He was awarded the ].<ref name=WWW/> He was also Honorary Colonel of the ] of the ] from 1917 to 1937, and of its successor, the ] of the ].<ref name=kelly2/>
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	He unsuccessfully stood as a Conservative parliamentary candidate twice, in the ] for ] and in ] for ], before gaining the latter seat in 1923 and holding it until he succeeded to his father's peerage and entered the House of Lords in 1938. He was subsequently a minister in ]'s ] as a ], for India and Burma (1940–1942) and for the Colonies (1942–1945).<ref name=WWW/>		He unsuccessfully stood as a Conservative parliamentary candidate twice, in the ] for ] and in ] for ], before gaining the latter seat in 1923 and holding it until he succeeded to his father's peerage and entered the House of Lords in 1938. He was subsequently a minister in ]'s ] as a ], for India and Burma (1940–1942) and for the Colonies (1942–1945).<ref name=WWW/>

	He also served in Derbyshire local government. He was appointed a ] for the county in 1917, and a ] in 1936,<ref name=kelly>{{cite book\|title=Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1948\|publisher=Kelly's\|page=626}}</ref> ultimately becoming the county's ] from 1938 until his death.<ref name=WWW/> He also served as Mayor of ] in 1920–21.<ref name=kelly/>		He also served in Derbyshire local government. He was appointed a ] for the county in 1917, and a ] in 1936,<ref name=kelly>{{cite book\|title=Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1948\|publisher=Kelly's\|page=626}}</ref> ultimately becoming the county's ] from 1938 until his death.<ref name=WWW/> He also served as Mayor of ] in 1920–21.<ref name=kelly/>

	==Other civil posts==		==Other civil posts==
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	==Marriage and children==		==Marriage and children==

	In 1917, he married ], granddaughter of Prime Minister ]. They had five children:<ref>Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003</ref>		In 1917, he married ], granddaughter of Prime Minister ]. They had five children:<ref>Mosley, Charles, editor. ''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage'', 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003</ref>

	*] (10 December 1917 – 10 September 1944), ] in ]; married ], sister of ]		*] (10 December 1917 – 10 September 1944), ] in ]; married ], sister of ]
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	*Lady Mary Cavendish (6 November 1922 – 17 November 1922)		*Lady Mary Cavendish (6 November 1922 – 17 November 1922)
	*] (24 April 1926 – 15 September 2018)		*] (24 April 1926 – 15 September 2018)
	*] (6 November 1927 – 9 August 2010), a prison visitor; married Michael Lambert Tree<ref name=annetree>Eve Colpus, 'Tree, Lady Anne Evelyn Beatrice (1927–2010)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2014; online edn, Jan 2015 </ref>		*] (6 November 1927 – 9 August 2010), a prison visitor; married Michael Lambert Tree<ref name=annetree>Eve Colpus, 'Tree, Lady Anne Evelyn Beatrice (1927–2010)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Jan 2014; online edn, Jan 2015 </ref>

	The Duke's sister ] was married to Prime Minister ]. The Duke's younger brother ] was married to dancer ], sister of ].		The Duke's sister ] was married to Prime Minister ]. The Duke's younger brother ] was married to American dancer ], sister of ].

	==Death==		==Death==
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Revision as of 03:30, 20 August 2024

British politician

His GraceThe Duke of DevonshireKG MBE TD


Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
In office 1936–1940
Monarchs	Edward VIII George VI
Preceded by	Douglas Hacking
Succeeded by	Geoffrey Shakespeare

Personal details
Born	(1895-05-06)6 May 1895 Mayfair, London
Died	26 November 1950(1950-11-26) (aged 55) Eastbourne
Nationality	British
Political party	Conservative
Spouse	Lady Mary Gascoyne-Cecil
Children	William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire Lady Mary Cavendish Lady Elizabeth Cavendish Lady Anne Tree
Parents	Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire Evelyn Petty-Fitzmaurice
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge

Edward William Spencer Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, KG, MBE, TD (6 May 1895 – 26 November 1950), known as the Marquess of Hartington from 1908 to 1938, was a British politician. He was the head of the Devonshire branch of the House of Cavendish. He had careers with the army and in politics and was a senior freemason. His sudden death, apparently of a heart attack at the age of fifty-five, occurred in the presence of the physician and suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams.

Early life

Edward was born at 37, Park Lane, Mayfair, the son of Victor Cavendish and his wife, Lady Evelyn Petty-Fitzmaurice. In 1908, his father Victor succeeded as the 9th Duke of Devonshire, thus Edward was styled by the courtesy title Marquess of Hartington. Lord Hartington was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.

He was, after his father's death, the owner of Chatsworth House, and one of the largest private landowners in both Great Britain and Ireland.

Military career

The then Marquess of Hartington began service with the Territorial Army as a second lieutenant in the Derbyshire Yeomanry in 1913.

Mobilised at the outbreak of the First World War, he was an aide-de-camp (ADC) on the Personal Staff at the British Expeditionary Force's General Headquarters. In 1916, when promoted captain, he rejoined his regiment, in Egypt, and served in the latter stages of the Dardanelles campaign. He then returned to France, became attached to Military Intelligence, then to the War Office and the British Military Mission in Paris, and was twice mentioned in despatches. In 1919, he served on the British peace delegation that attended the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and was appointed MBE. He also became a knight of the French Legion of Honour.

He continued serving after the war with his regiment, which became 24 (Derbyshire Yeomanry) Armoured Car Company of the Royal Tank Regiment in 1923. He was promoted major in 1932, and became lieutenant colonel in command in 1935. He was awarded the Territorial Decoration. He was also Honorary Colonel of the 6th Battalion of the Sherwood Foresters from 1917 to 1937, and of its successor, the 40th (Sherwood Foresters) Anti-Aircraft Battalion of the Royal Engineers.

Political career

He unsuccessfully stood as a Conservative parliamentary candidate twice, in the 1918 general election for North East Derbyshire and in 1922 for West Derbyshire, before gaining the latter seat in 1923 and holding it until he succeeded to his father's peerage and entered the House of Lords in 1938. He was subsequently a minister in Winston Churchill's wartime government as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, for India and Burma (1940–1942) and for the Colonies (1942–1945).

He also served in Derbyshire local government. He was appointed a JP for the county in 1917, and a Deputy Lieutenant in 1936, ultimately becoming the county's Lord Lieutenant from 1938 until his death. He also served as Mayor of Buxton in 1920–21.

Marriage and children

In 1917, he married Lady Mary Gascoyne-Cecil, granddaughter of Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. They had five children:

William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (10 December 1917 – 10 September 1944), killed in action in World War II; married Kathleen Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy
Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (2 January 1920 – 3 May 2004), married Hon. Deborah Freeman-Mitford, youngest daughter of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale
Lady Mary Cavendish (6 November 1922 – 17 November 1922)
Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Alice Cavendish (24 April 1926 – 15 September 2018)
Lady Anne Evelyn Beatrice Cavendish (6 November 1927 – 9 August 2010), a prison visitor; married Michael Lambert Tree

The Duke's sister Dorothy was married to Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. The Duke's younger brother Charles was married to American dancer Adele Astaire, sister of Fred Astaire.

Death

On 26 November 1950, he suffered a heart attack and died in Eastbourne in the presence of his general practitioner, John Bodkin Adams, the suspected serial killer. Despite the fact that the duke had not seen a doctor in the 14 days before his death, the coroner was not notified as he should have been. Adams signed the death certificate stating that the Duke died of natural causes. Thirteen days earlier, Edith Alice Morrell – another patient of Adams – had also died. Historian Pamela Cullen speculates that as the Duke was the head of British freemasonry, Adams – a member of the fundamentalist Plymouth Brethren – would have been motivated to withhold the necessary vital treatment, since the "Grandmaster of England would have been seen by some of the Plymouth Brethren as Satan incarnate". No proper police investigation was ever conducted into the death, but the duke's son, Andrew, later said "it should perhaps be noted that this doctor was not appointed to look after the health of my two younger sisters, who were then in their teens"; Adams had a reputation for grooming older patients in order to extract bequests.

Adams was tried in 1957 for Morrell's murder but controversially acquitted. The prosecutor was Attorney-General Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller, a distant cousin of the Duke (via their shared ancestor, George Cavendish). Cullen has questioned why Manningham-Buller failed to question Adams regarding the Duke's death, and suggests that he was wary of drawing attention to Prime Minister Harold Macmillan (the Duke's brother-in-law) and specifically to his wife who was having an extramarital affair with Robert Boothby at the time.

Home Office pathologist Francis Camps linked Adams to 163 suspicious deaths in total, which would make him a precursor to Harold Shipman.

The Duke's body was buried in the churchyard at Edensor, Derbyshire, near Chatsworth.

Estate

In 1946 the Duke transferred most of his assets to his only surviving son in an attempt to avoid a repeat of the heavy death duties which the 9th Duke had had to pay in 1908. The Duke's surprise death less than four years later meant that his estate had to pay 80% death duties on the value of the entire estate. Had he lived longer, the value assessed to tax would have been progressively reduced to zero. The tax liability led to the transfer of Hardwick Hall to the National Trust, and the sale of many of the Devonshires' accumulated assets, including tens of thousands of acres of land, and many works of art and rare books. Whilst the majority of the Duke's property transferred to the next Duke, his private funds of £796,473 8s. 9d. were willed to his widow Mary Alice, Dowager Duchess of Devonshire.

References

^ "Births". The Times. The Times Digital Archive. 8 May 1895. p. 1.
^ Who Was Who, 1941–1950. A & C Black. 1952. p. 310.
Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1916. Kelly's. p. 714.
^ Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Official and Landed Classes, 1948. Kelly's. p. 626.
^ Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1948. Kelly's. p. 626.
Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003
Eve Colpus, 'Tree, Lady Anne Evelyn Beatrice (1927–2010)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2014; online edn, Jan 2015 accessed 20 April 2017
^ Cullen, Pamela V., Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr John Bodkin Adams, London, Elliott & Thompson, 2006, ISBN 1-904027-19-9.
Cullen, pp. 97–101.
Cullen, p. 100.
Devlin, Patrick. Easing the passing: The trial of Doctor John Bodkin Adams, London, The Bodley Head, 1985.
Cullen, p. 617.
"GREAT BRITAIN: Death and Taxes". Time. 26 August 1957. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011.

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Devonshire

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded byCharles Frederick White	Member of Parliament for West Derbyshire 1923–1938	Succeeded byHenry Philip Hunloke
Political offices
Preceded byDouglas Hacking	Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 1936–1940	Succeeded byGeoffrey Shakespeare
Preceded bySir Hugh O'Neill, Bt	Under-Secretary of State for India and Burma 1940–1943	Succeeded byThe Earl of Munster
Preceded byHarold Macmillan	Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1943–1945	Succeeded byArthur Creech Jones
Honorary titles
Preceded byVictor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire	Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire 1938–1950	Succeeded bySir Ian Walker-Okeover, Bt
Masonic offices
Preceded byHenry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood	Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England 1947–1950	Succeeded byLawrence Roger Lumley, 11th Earl of Scarbrough
Academic offices
Preceded byVictor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire	Chancellor of the University of Leeds 1938–1950	Succeeded byMary, Princess Royal
Peerage of England
Preceded byVictor Cavendish	Duke of Devonshire 1938–1950	Succeeded byAndrew Cavendish

v t e Dukes of Devonshire
Barons Cavendish of Hardwick	William Cavendish, 1st Baron Cavendish of Hardwick (1605–1618)
Earls of Devonshire	William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire (1618–1626) William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire (1626–1628) William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire (1628–1684) William Cavendish, 4th Earl of Devonshire (1684–1694)
Dukes of Devonshire	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire (1694–1707) William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (1707–1729) William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (1729–1755) William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire (1755–1764) William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (1764–1811) William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire (1811–1858) William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire (1858–1891) Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (1891–1908) Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1908–1938) Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire (1938–1950) Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1950–2004) Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire (2004–present)

United Grand Lodge of England

Grand Masters

19th century	The Duke of Sussex (1813–1843) The Earl of Zetland (1844–1870) The Marquess of Ripon (1870–1874) The Prince of Wales (1874–1901)
20th century	The Duke of Connaught (1901–1939) The 1st Duke of Kent (1939–1942) The Earl of Harewood (1942–1947) The Duke of Devonshire (1947–1950) The Earl of Scarbrough (1951–1967) The 2nd Duke of Kent (1967–present)

Appendant bodies

Trinitarian	Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia Royal Order of Scotland Ancient and Accepted Rite Royal Order of Eri Order of Knights Templar and Knights of Malta Order of the Red Cross of Constantine Order of Holy Wisdom Order of Holy Royal Arch Knight Templar Priests Order of St Thomas of Acon Order of Knights Beneficent of the Holy City
non-Trinitarian	Order of the Holy Royal Arch Order of Mark Master Masons Order of the Secret Monitor Order of Athelstan Order of the Allied Masonic Degrees Order of Royal and Select Masters Order of Knight Masons Fraternity of Royal Ark Mariners Order of the Scarlet Cord

v t e Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton
Constituencies	Stockton-on-Tees Bromley
Family	Daniel MacMillan (grandfather) Lady Dorothy Macmillan (wife) Maurice Macmillan (son) Lady Caroline Faber (daughter) Julian Amery (son-in-law) Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire (brother-in-law)
Career	1945 Bromley by-election Macmillan government US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement 1959 United Kingdom general election Wind of Change speech Night of the Long Knives Beeching reports Vassall affair Profumo affair Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Depictions	Supermac (1958 cartoon) Never So Good (play, 2008) The Crown (TV, 2017)
Related	Birch Grove The Middle Way (1938) 1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election 1963 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours Earl of Stockton Macmillan Publishers St Giles' Church, Horsted Keynes

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