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| {{Short description|Greek mythological figures}} | {{Short description|Greek mythological figures}} | ||
| In ], the '''Androktasiai''' (]: {{lang|grc| Ἀνδροκτασίαι}} ('Manslaughters', 'Manslayings', 'Slayings of Men'), from the plural of {{lang|grc|ἀνδροκτασία}})<ref>'Androktasiai' is variously translated as 'Manslaughters' (Caldwell, ), 'Manslayings' (Hard, ), or 'Slayings of Men' (Gantz, p. 10); compare '']'' .</ref> are collectively the personification of the slaughter of men in battle. The Androktasiai are named in line 228 of ]'s '']'', which lists four personified plural abstractions, the ] (Battles), the ] (Wars), the ] (Murders), and the ] (Manslaughters), as being among the several offspring of Eris (Strife):<ref>Caldwell, .</ref> | |||
| {{Infobox deity | |||
| {{blockquote|Ὑσμίνας τε Μάχας τε Φόνους τ’ Ἀνδροκτασίας τε<ref>], '']'' | |||
| | type = Greek | |||
| .</ref>}} | |||
| | name = The Androctasiae | |||
| | deity_of = Personifications of Slaughter | |||
| | abode = ] (possibly) | |||
| | parents = Eris<ref>], '']'' 228</ref> | |||
| | siblings = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], | |||
| ], ], ], ], ] | |||
| | member_of = the Family of Eris | |||
| }}{{Greek myth (personified)}} | |||
| In ], the '''Androctasiae''' or '''Androktasiai''' (]: {{lang|grc|Ἀνδροκτασίαι}}; singular: '''Androktasia''') were the female personifications of ]. | |||
| The nearly identical line, listing the same four abstractions (without capitalizations, and with different case endings), in the same order, occurs in Homer's '']'', where ] describes the decorations on Heracles' golden belt: | |||
| == Family == | |||
| {{blockquote|ὑσμῖναί τε μάχαι τε φόνοι τ᾿ ἀνδροκτασίαι τε.<ref>West, p. 231 on 228; ], '']'' .</ref>}} | |||
| The Androctasiae were the daughters of the goddess of strife and discord, ],<ref>Hesiod, ''Theogony'' 228</ref> and siblings to other vicious personifications like the ], the ], and the ]. This name is also used for all of Eris' children collectively, as a whole group. | |||
| Like all of the children of Eris given by Hesiod, the Phonoi are a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of their name, and representing one of the many harmful things which might be thought to result from discord and strife, with no other identity.<ref>Hard, ; Gantz, p. 10.</ref> | |||
| : "And hateful Eris bore painful ] ("Hardship"), | |||
| : ] ("Forgetfulness") and ] ("Starvation") and the tearful ] ("Pains"), | |||
| : Hysminai ("Battles"), Makhai ("Wars"), Phonoi ("Murders"), and Androktasiai ("Manslaughters"); | |||
| : ] ("Quarrels"), ] ("Lies"), ] ("Stories"), ] ("Disputes") | |||
| : ] ("Lawlessness") and ] ("Ruin"), near one another, | |||
| : and ] ("Oath"), who most afflicts men on earth, | |||
| : Then willing swears a false oath."<ref>Caldwell, p. 42 lines 226-232, with the meanings of the names (in parentheses), as given by Caldwell, p. 40 on lines 212–232.</ref><ref>Hesiod, ''Theogony'' 226–232 {{PD-notice}}</ref> | |||
| The singular personification of manslaughter, Androktasia, also occurred in ancient poetry. The ] '']'' (lines 144–319) describes the many dozens of things depicted on Heracles' elaborately decorated shield. In one section of this long description, Androktasia is mentioned along with other personifications associated with battle: | |||
| == Mythology == | |||
| {{blockquote|Upon it were wrought Pursuit <nowiki>]<nowiki>]</nowiki> and Rally <nowiki>]<nowiki>]</nowiki>; upon it burned Tumult <nowiki>]<nowiki>]</nowiki> and Murder ] and Slaughter <nowiki></nowiki>; upon it was Strife <nowiki>]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, upon it rushed Battle-Din <nowiki>]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, upon it deadly Fate <nowiki>]<nowiki>]</nowiki> was dragging men by the feet through the battle, holding one who was alive but freshly wounded, another who was unwounded, another who had died. Around her shoulders she wore a cloak, purple with the blood of men, and she glared terribly and bellowed with a clanging sound.<ref>], '']'' .</ref>}} | |||
| In the epic poem the '']'', attributed to ], Androktasia (singular) was one of the many figures, depicted on ]' shield.<ref>Hesiod, '']'' . Others include for example ] (Fear), Eris, ] (Murder), and ] (Fate), see Most, pp. 12–15.</ref><blockquote>"In his hands he (Herakles) took his shield, all glittering : no one ever broke it with a blow or crushed it. And a wonder it was to see . . . In the centre was ] (Fear) worked in adamant, unspeakable, staring backwards with eyes that glowed with fire. His mouth was full of teeth in a white row, fearful and daunting, and upon his grim brow hovered frightful Eris (Battle-Strife) who arrays the throng of men: pitiless she, for she took away the mind and senses of poor wretches who made war against the son of ] . . . Upon the shield ] (Pursuit) and ] (Flight) were wrought, and ] (Tumult), and Phobos (Panic), and Androktasia (Slaughter). Eris (Battle-Strife) also, and ] (Confusion) were hurrying about, and deadly ] (Fate) was there holding one man newly wounded. . ."<ref>Hesiod, ''Shield of Heracles'' 135–157 {{PD-notice}}</ref></blockquote> | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 30: | Line 16: | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| * Caldwell, Richard, ''Hesiod's Theogony'', Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). {{ISBN|978-0-941051-00-2}}. | * Caldwell, Richard, ''Hesiod's Theogony'', Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). {{ISBN|978-0-941051-00-2}}. . | ||
| * ], ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}} (Vol. 2). | |||
| * ], ''Shield of Heracles'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. . | |||
| *Hesiod, '']'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, Massachusetts., ]; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. . | * Hard, Robin, ''The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"'', Psychology Press, 2004, {{ISBN|9780415186360}}. . | ||
| * ], '']'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, Massachusetts., ]; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. . | |||
| * ], ], '']'', revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, ] Oxford, 1940. . | |||
| ⚫ | * ], ''Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments'', ], No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ], 2007, 2018. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99721-9}}. . | ||
| * ] (2018a), ''Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia,'' Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, ] No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ], 2018. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99720-2}}. . | |||
| ⚫ | * ] (2018b), ''Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments'', ], No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ], 2007, 2018. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99721-9}}. . | ||
| {{Greek religion|state=collapsed}} | {{Greek religion|state=collapsed}} | ||
Revision as of 15:23, 1 September 2024
Greek mythological figuresIn Greek mythology, the Androktasiai (Ancient Greek: Ἀνδροκτασίαι ('Manslaughters', 'Manslayings', 'Slayings of Men'), from the plural of ἀνδροκτασία) are collectively the personification of the slaughter of men in battle. The Androktasiai are named in line 228 of Hesiod's Theogony, which lists four personified plural abstractions, the Hysminai (Battles), the Machai (Wars), the Phonoi (Murders), and the Androktasiai (Manslaughters), as being among the several offspring of Eris (Strife):
Ὑσμίνας τε Μάχας τε Φόνους τ’ Ἀνδροκτασίας τε
The nearly identical line, listing the same four abstractions (without capitalizations, and with different case endings), in the same order, occurs in Homer's Odyssey, where Odysseus describes the decorations on Heracles' golden belt:
ὑσμῖναί τε μάχαι τε φόνοι τ᾿ ἀνδροκτασίαι τε.
Like all of the children of Eris given by Hesiod, the Phonoi are a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of their name, and representing one of the many harmful things which might be thought to result from discord and strife, with no other identity.
The singular personification of manslaughter, Androktasia, also occurred in ancient poetry. The Hesiodic Shield of Heracles (lines 144–319) describes the many dozens of things depicted on Heracles' elaborately decorated shield. In one section of this long description, Androktasia is mentioned along with other personifications associated with battle:
Upon it were wrought Pursuit and Rally ; upon it burned Tumult and Murder Phonos and Slaughter ; upon it was Strife , upon it rushed Battle-Din , upon it deadly Fate was dragging men by the feet through the battle, holding one who was alive but freshly wounded, another who was unwounded, another who had died. Around her shoulders she wore a cloak, purple with the blood of men, and she glared terribly and bellowed with a clanging sound.
Notes
- 'Androktasiai' is variously translated as 'Manslaughters' (Caldwell, p. 42 on 212–232), 'Manslayings' (Hard, p. 31), or 'Slayings of Men' (Gantz, p. 10); compare LSJ s.v. ἀνδροκτασία.
- Caldwell, p. 43.
- Hesiod, Theogony 228.
- West, p. 231 on 228; Homer, Odyssey 11.612.
- Hard, p. 31; Gantz, p. 10.
- Hesiod, Shield of Heracles 154–160.
References
- Caldwell, Richard, Hesiod's Theogony, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). ISBN 978-0-941051-00-2. Internet Archive.
- Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
- Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, ISBN 9780415186360. Google Books.
- Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1940. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Most, G.W. (2018a), Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, Loeb Classical Library No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-674-99720-2. Online version at Harvard University Press.
- Most, G.W. (2018b), Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments, Loeb Classical Library, No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2007, 2018. ISBN 978-0-674-99721-9. Online version at Harvard University Press.
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