| Revision as of 13:10, 2 September 2024 view sourceUnspokenPassion (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users832 edits not a quality source at allTag: Visual edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 13:40, 2 September 2024 view source UnspokenPassion (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users832 edits Revised background section using leading sources on the topicTag: Visual editNext edit → | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
| Hamas' ] and ]'s ] jointly claimed responsibility for the bombing.<ref name="ynet 18 suspect botched" >{{cite news| publisher= ] | title= Man dies in Tel Aviv blast; authorities suspect botched terror attack | url= https://www.ynetnews.com/article/s1qtfakjc | access-date= 24 August 2024 | work= Ynetnews | date= 18 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | Hamas' ] and ]'s ] jointly claimed responsibility for the bombing.<ref name="ynet 18 suspect botched" >{{cite news| publisher= ] | title= Man dies in Tel Aviv blast; authorities suspect botched terror attack | url= https://www.ynetnews.com/article/s1qtfakjc | access-date= 24 August 2024 | work= Ynetnews | date= 18 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| The ], Hamas' militant wing, announced a return to the strategy of suicide attacks |
The ], Hamas' militant wing, announced a return to the strategy of suicide attacks in Israeli cities, which they had previously ].<ref name="pre IH DM tactics" >{{cite news | script-title= ar: كتائب القسام تنقل المعركة إلى قلب إسرائيل وتعلن عودة العمليات الاستشهادية إلى الواجهة | url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87eX1mr1Pb8&list=TLPQMjQwODIwMjSL-BzxpNyRfQ&index=4 | access-date= 24 August 2024 | work= العربي - أخبار YouTube Channel of Al-Araby TV News | date= 19 August 2024 | trans-title= Al-Qassam Brigades transfers the battle to the heart of Israel and announces the return of martyrdom operations to the forefront }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= After Tel Aviv bombing, Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad threaten further attacks in Israel | url= https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/08/20/after-tel-aviv-bombing-hamas-and-palestinian-islamic-jihad-threaten-further-attacks-in-israel_6718720_4.html | access-date= 24 August 2024 | date= 20 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| {{further| List of Palestinian suicide attacks }} | {{further| List of Palestinian suicide attacks }} | ||
| The use of suicide bombings ({{lang-ar|العمليات الاستشهادية|martyrdom operations}}) by ] emerged in the 1990s. Between 1994 and 2005, these attacks resulted in 735 Israeli deaths and 4,554 injuries,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kliot |first=Nurit |last2=Charney |first2=Igal |date=2006-08-01 |title=The geography of suicide terrorism in Israel |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10708-006-9034-z |journal=GeoJournal |language=en |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=361, 366–367 |doi=10.1007/s10708-006-9034-z |issn=1572-9893}}</ref> predominantly targeting Israeli civilians at locations such as shopping centers, public buses, transit stations, cafes, nightclubs, and restaurants.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0415770309 |editor-last=Pedahzur |editor-first=Ami |location=New York |pages=42}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The tactic peaked during the ] (2000–2005), garnering significant Palestinian support and leading to the ] around the attackers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nanninga |first=Pieter |title=Islam and suicide attacks |date= |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-108-71265-1 |series=Elements in Religion and Violence |location= |pages=2}}</ref> | |||
| Hamas have been widely criticized for their campaign of suicide bombings in the 1990s and early 2000s targeting crowds of civilians in Israel. Hamas' Al Qassam "martyrdom operations" were particularly notorious for bombing buses crowded with civilians.<ref name="HRW condemnation">{{cite news | title= Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians: V. STRUCTURES AND STRATEGIES OF THE PERPETRATOR ORGANIZATIONS | url= https://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/isrl-pa/ISRAELPA1002-05.htm | access-date= 1 September 2024 | work= www.hrw.org | publisher= ] | date= October 2002 | location= ] }}</ref> | |||
| Suicide bombings in the 1990s and 2000s had a profound impact on Israel's civilian population,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Routledge companion to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-0-429-02737-6 |editor-last=Siniver |editor-first=Asaf |location=London; New York, NY |pages=161–162}}</ref> significantly affecting Israeli society and hardening attitudes toward Palestinians as potential peace partners in a ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bigg |first=Matthew Mpoke |last2=Sobelman |first2=Gabby |date=2024-08-19 |title=Hamas and Islamic Jihad Claim Responsibility for Tel Aviv Bombing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/19/world/middleeast/tel-aviv-bomb-hamas.html |access-date=2024-09-02 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> These attacks influenced Israeli Prime Minister ]'s decision to build the ].<ref name=":1" /> By 2005, Hamas shifted its strategy from suicide attacks to adopting a Hezbollah-like approach, leveraging ] and smuggling routes to develop a substantial ], using it to attack Israeli urban centers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ganor |first=Boaz |title=Global alert: the rationality of modern Islamist terrorism and the challenge to the liberal democratic world |date=2015 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-17212-7 |series=Columbia studies in terrorism and irregular warfare |location=New York |pages=163–164}}</ref> | |||
| In the ] on 25 January 2006, Hamas' ] ] won the plurality of the vote and the majority of the seats. This made ] the ] and head of Government for the ].<ref name="elections.ps" >{{cite web | url= http://www.elections.ps/template.aspx?id=291 | title= Central Elections Commission | website= www.elections.ps | access-date= 17 January 2022 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090404002945/http://www.elections.ps/template.aspx?id=291 | archive-date= 4 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Following this, in April 2006, Hamas announced that they were ending their strategy of suicide bombings.<ref name="Guardian 300" >{{cite news | last1=Urquhart | first1=Conal | title= Hamas in call to end suicide bombings | url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/09/israel | access-date= 25 August 2024 | work= The Observer | publisher= ] | date= 9 April 2006 }}</ref> At the time Khaled Hroub – author of ''"Hamas: Political Thought and Practice"'', and Director of the ] – noted that even within Hamas, suicide bombing had been a controversial tactic.<ref name="Guardian 300" /> | |||
| Hamas has justified suicide bombings both practically and doctrinally. Practically, they have emphasized the harm and deterrence these attacks inflict on Israeli society. Doctrinally, they have glorified martyrdom as the highest form of ] and Islamic belief.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Litvak |first=Meir |date=2010-07-15 |title=“Martyrdom is Life”: Jihad and Martyrdom in the Ideology of Hamas |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1057610X.2010.494170 |journal=Studies in Conflict & Terrorism |language=en |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=724–725 |doi=10.1080/1057610X.2010.494170 |issn=1057-610X}}</ref> Hamas has framed suicide attacks as a testament to "Palestinian innovative genius" and has contended that they establish a "balance of fear" by causing significant casualties and psychological distress in Israel.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| ] reported that, "Hamas only embarked on suicide bombing campaigns as a response to extreme provocations by Israel, such as the killing of 29 Palestinians in Hebron in 1993. It had been a policy of desperation," they attributed this sentiment to ], a Hamas politician elected to the ] earlier thar year.<ref name="Guardian 300" /> | |||
| ⚫ | In the weeks before the Lehi Street bombing, Israel is thought to have assassinated two of the three top leaders of Hamas. On 31 July 2024, ] was killed in a ]. Israel have not officially claimed the attack but no other assailant has been credibly accused.<ref name="ABC listen 18 October 2023">{{cite news | title= How a quadriplegic charity worker became the founder of Hamas | url= https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/if-youre-listening/how-a-quadriplegic-charity-worker-became-the-founder-of-hamas/102992256 | access-date= 26 August 2024 | work= ABC listen | date= 18 October 2023 |language=en-AU}}</ref> | ||
| In the first few months after winning the election. Hamas said they would only use ] within the ], they would not use violence against Israel, and they were willing to fee force to prevent other groups attacking Israel - such as ] and the ]-linked ] - if the other groups did not cooperate with this plan.<ref name="Guardian 300" /> | |||
| This attempted truce was unsuccessful, extreme violence between Hamas and Israel returned by 2008, with ], but there were no{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} suicide bombings against civilians in Israel that Hamas directly claimed responsibility for between the 2006 announcement and Lehi street. | |||
| ⚫ | In the weeks before the Lehi Street bombing, Israel is thought to have assassinated two of the three top |
||
| In 2014, left wing UK news outlet ] attributed the ]' temporary abandonment of suicide attacks to ]'s leadership moving the Brigades towards ] and ].<ref>{{cite news | title= Radical Lives: Mohammed Deif | url= https://novaramedia.com/2014/10/27/radical-lives-mohammed-deif/ | access-date= 24 August 2024 | work= ] | date= 27 October 2014 |language=en}}</ref> By contrast, in 2024 pro-Israel media lobby group ] held Deif personally responsible for the deaths of 80 Israeli civilians, mostly in suicide bombings, when they criticized the way ] reported on an ] intended to kill Deif. The airstrike killed over 90 people, and in a biography summary that BBC Arabic aired with their report in the incident they mentioned suicide bombings attributed to Deif but used language CAMERA objected to, allegedly referring to the bombings as "military operations" when CAMERA thought they should be referred to as "terrorist attacks".<ref name="telegraph 80">{{cite news | last1=Sawer | first1=Patrick | last2=Mulholland | first2=Lilian | title= BBC under fire for describing Hamas suicide bomb attacks as ‘military operations’ | url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/08/24/bbc-under-fire-hamas-suicide-bombs-military-operations/ | access-date= 25 August 2024 | work= ] |date= 24 August 2024 }}</ref> | In 2014, left wing UK news outlet ] attributed the ]' temporary abandonment of suicide attacks to ]'s leadership moving the Brigades towards ] and ].<ref>{{cite news | title= Radical Lives: Mohammed Deif | url= https://novaramedia.com/2014/10/27/radical-lives-mohammed-deif/ | access-date= 24 August 2024 | work= ] | date= 27 October 2014 |language=en}}</ref> By contrast, in 2024 pro-Israel media lobby group ] held Deif personally responsible for the deaths of 80 Israeli civilians, mostly in suicide bombings, when they criticized the way ] reported on an ] intended to kill Deif. The airstrike killed over 90 people, and in a biography summary that BBC Arabic aired with their report in the incident they mentioned suicide bombings attributed to Deif but used language CAMERA objected to, allegedly referring to the bombings as "military operations" when CAMERA thought they should be referred to as "terrorist attacks".<ref name="telegraph 80">{{cite news | last1=Sawer | first1=Patrick | last2=Mulholland | first2=Lilian | title= BBC under fire for describing Hamas suicide bomb attacks as ‘military operations’ | url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/08/24/bbc-under-fire-hamas-suicide-bombs-military-operations/ | access-date= 25 August 2024 | work= ] |date= 24 August 2024 }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 13:40, 2 September 2024
August 2024 attack in Israel
| Lehi street bombing | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Israel-Hamas war | |
| Location | Lehi street, South Tel Aviv, State of Israel |
| Date | 18 August 2024 (2024-08-18) Sunday night (Israel) |
| Target | unknown |
| Attack type | suspected suicide bombing, possibly botched |
| Weapons | Explosives in a backpack |
| Deaths | 1 (a man in his 50s) |
| Injured | 1 (a 33 year old man) |
| Victims | bomber killed, and one civilian injured. |
| Perpetrators | Al-Qassam Brigades and Palestinian Islamic Jihad jointly claimed the attack. |
| Motive | nationalism |
The Lehi street bombing was an explosion in Lehi street (Template:Lang-he) in Tel Aviv on 18 August 2024. The explosion killed the man carrying the bomb and injured a bystander (a 33 year old man). It was the first suicide bombing claimed by Hamas' Al Qassam since 2008.
Hamas' Qassam Brigades and Palestinian Islamic Jihad's Saraya Al Quds jointly claimed responsibility for the bombing.
The Qassam Brigades, Hamas' militant wing, announced a return to the strategy of suicide attacks in Israeli cities, which they had previously abandoned in 2006.
History
Further information: List of Palestinian suicide attacksThe use of suicide bombings (Template:Lang-ar) by Palestinian factions emerged in the 1990s. Between 1994 and 2005, these attacks resulted in 735 Israeli deaths and 4,554 injuries, predominantly targeting Israeli civilians at locations such as shopping centers, public buses, transit stations, cafes, nightclubs, and restaurants. The tactic peaked during the Second Intifada (2000–2005), garnering significant Palestinian support and leading to the formation of a martyrdom cult around the attackers.
Suicide bombings in the 1990s and 2000s had a profound impact on Israel's civilian population, significantly affecting Israeli society and hardening attitudes toward Palestinians as potential peace partners in a two-state solution. These attacks influenced Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's decision to build the West Bank barrier. By 2005, Hamas shifted its strategy from suicide attacks to adopting a Hezbollah-like approach, leveraging Iranian support and smuggling routes to develop a substantial rocket arsenal, using it to attack Israeli urban centers.
Hamas has justified suicide bombings both practically and doctrinally. Practically, they have emphasized the harm and deterrence these attacks inflict on Israeli society. Doctrinally, they have glorified martyrdom as the highest form of jihad and Islamic belief. Hamas has framed suicide attacks as a testament to "Palestinian innovative genius" and has contended that they establish a "balance of fear" by causing significant casualties and psychological distress in Israel.
In the weeks before the Lehi Street bombing, Israel is thought to have assassinated two of the three top leaders of Hamas. On 31 July 2024, Ismail Haniyeh was killed in a bombing in Iran. Israel have not officially claimed the attack but no other assailant has been credibly accused.
In 2014, left wing UK news outlet Novara Media attributed the Qassam Brigades' temporary abandonment of suicide attacks to Mohammed Deif's leadership moving the Brigades towards hostage taking and rocket attacks. By contrast, in 2024 pro-Israel media lobby group CAMERA held Deif personally responsible for the deaths of 80 Israeli civilians, mostly in suicide bombings, when they criticized the way BBC Arabic reported on an Israeli airstrike intended to kill Deif. The airstrike killed over 90 people, and in a biography summary that BBC Arabic aired with their report in the incident they mentioned suicide bombings attributed to Deif but used language CAMERA objected to, allegedly referring to the bombings as "military operations" when CAMERA thought they should be referred to as "terrorist attacks".
Bombing
The bombing occurred on the night of Sunday 18 August 2023, on Lehi street in Tel Aviv.
The bomb exploded, killing the bomber (a man in his 50s from Nablus), moderately injured a bystander (33 year old man), and setting a truck on fire, but doing fairly limited damage. It was initially unclear why the bomb went off when it did. Some sources interpreted this as meaning the bomb had accidentally exploded before racing the intended target, the operation was described as "botched" by Ynet.
Location
There was nothing remarkable about the location, and no intended target more specific than "Tel Aviv" has been identified.
Lehi street
Lehi street shares it's name with the Lehi militant group (Template:Lang-he), a Hebrew acronym for "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel" Template:Lang-he Lohamei Herut Israel), a Zionist militant group, in Mandatory Palestine in the 1940s who were also known as the Stern Gang. The Lehi are commonly regarded as the predecessor to the Likud party, the ruling party in Israel's Knesset during the Israel–Hamas war.
The Lehi controversially, and unsuccessfully, attempted to ally with Germany against the British during World War II. Most Lehi leaders defined their organization as an anti-imperialist movement and stated that their opposition to British colonial rule in Palestine was not based on a particular policy but rather on the presence of a foreign power over the homeland of the Jewish people. When the State of Israel was founded, the Lehi were integrated into the Israel Defense Force along with the Irgun who the Lehi split from in 1940 and other Zionist paramilitaries, including the Haganah, the name of a nearby street running parallel to Lehi street.
See also
- Martyrdom in Palestinian culture
- Religious views on suicide § Islam
- Islamic view of death § Suicide
- History of Hamas
Notes
References
- ^ "Man dies in Tel Aviv blast; authorities suspect botched terror attack". Ynetnews. Ynet. 18 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- كتائب القسام تنقل المعركة إلى قلب إسرائيل وتعلن عودة العمليات الاستشهادية إلى الواجهة [Al-Qassam Brigades transfers the battle to the heart of Israel and announces the return of martyrdom operations to the forefront]. العربي - أخبار YouTube Channel of Al-Araby TV News. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- "After Tel Aviv bombing, Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad threaten further attacks in Israel". 20 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ Kliot, Nurit; Charney, Igal (1 August 2006). "The geography of suicide terrorism in Israel". GeoJournal. 66 (4): 361, 366–367. doi:10.1007/s10708-006-9034-z. ISSN 1572-9893.
- Pedahzur, Ami, ed. (2006). Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom. New York: Routledge. p. 42. ISBN 978-0415770309.
- Nanninga, Pieter (2019). Islam and suicide attacks. Elements in Religion and Violence. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-108-71265-1.
- Siniver, Asaf, ed. (2023). Routledge companion to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. London; New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-0-429-02737-6.
- ^ Bigg, Matthew Mpoke; Sobelman, Gabby (19 August 2024). "Hamas and Islamic Jihad Claim Responsibility for Tel Aviv Bombing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
- Ganor, Boaz (2015). Global alert: the rationality of modern Islamist terrorism and the challenge to the liberal democratic world. Columbia studies in terrorism and irregular warfare. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 163–164. ISBN 978-0-231-17212-7.
- ^ Litvak, Meir (15 July 2010). ""Martyrdom is Life": Jihad and Martyrdom in the Ideology of Hamas". Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 33 (8): 724–725. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2010.494170. ISSN 1057-610X.
- "How a quadriplegic charity worker became the founder of Hamas". ABC listen. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- "Radical Lives: Mohammed Deif". Novara Media. 27 October 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- Sawer, Patrick; Mulholland, Lilian (24 August 2024). "BBC under fire for describing Hamas suicide bomb attacks as 'military operations'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- "Police confirms Tel Aviv explosion was failed terror attack". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 18 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- "הרוג בפיצוץ בת"א: "הוא נשא מטען, הכיוון שזה פיגוע מאוד רלוונטי"; עובר אורח נפצע בינוני" [Killed in an explosion in Tel Aviv (wiktionary:ת״א): "He was carrying a bomb, the fact that this is an attack is very relevant"; a bystander was moderately injured]. Ynet (in Hebrew). 18 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- "Hamas, Islamic Jihad claim responsibility for bomb blast in Tel Aviv". Reuters. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- "Hamas claims attempted suicide bombing in Tel Aviv, vows to carry out more". The Times of Israel. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- "Hamas claims responsibility for Tel Aviv bomb attack, promises more". Al Jazeera. 19 August 2024.
- "Man killed in Tel Aviv when bomb in his backpack goes off; police probing possible terror". 19 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- Israel Eldad, The First Tithe, p. 84
| Hamas | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| History | |||||
| Political wing |
| ||||
| Law and order | |||||
| Military wing |
| ||||
| Social services | |||||
| Media | |||||
| Foreign relations | |||||
| Related articles | |||||
 Category:Hamas | |||||
- Terrorist incidents in Tel Aviv
- 2020s crimes in Tel Aviv
- Terrorist incidents in Israel in 2024
- Hamas suicide bombings
- Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine attacks
- Domestic reactions to the Israel–Hamas war
- Suicide bombings in 2024
- Suicide bombings in Israel
- August 2024 events in Israel
- August 2024 crimes in Asia
- Attacks in the Israel–Hamas war
- Tel Aviv in the Israel–Hamas war