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{{For|other languages with the name|Jatki language}} |
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{{For|other languages with the name|Jatki language}} |
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{{Infobox language |
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{{Infobox language |
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| name = Jadgali |
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|name = Jadgali |
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| nativename = Nummaṛī |
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|nativename = Nummaṛī |
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| image = Jadgali.svg |
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|image = Jadgali.svg |
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| imagecaption = Jadgali in Arabic script, in the three names of the language, Jadgali (Baloch name) and Numari (Native name) |
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|imagecaption=Jadgali in Arabic script, in the three names of the language, Jadgali (Baloch name) and Numari (Native name) |
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| ethnicity = ], ] |
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|ethnicity = ] |
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| states = ], ] |
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|states = ], ] |
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| speakers = no reliable data |
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|speakers = no reliable data |
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| date = 2008 |
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|date = 2008 |
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| ref = <ref>{{harvnb|Delforooz|2008|p=25}}</ref> |
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|ref = <ref>{{harvnb|Delforooz|2008|p=25}}</ref> |
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| familycolor = Indo-European |
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|familycolor = Indo-European |
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| fam2 = ] |
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|fam2 = ] |
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| fam3 = ] |
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|fam3 = ] |
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| fam4 = ] |
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|fam4 = ] |
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| fam5 = ] |
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|fam5 = ] |
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| script = ] (])<ref>{{cite web|title= Ethnologue report for Jadgali |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=jdg|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> |
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|script= ] (])<ref>{{cite web|title= Ethnologue report for Jadgali |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=jdg|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> |
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| iso3 = jdg |
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|iso3 = jdg |
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| glotto = jadg1238 |
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|glotto=jadg1238 |
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| glottorefname = Jadgali |
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|glottorefname=Jadgali |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Jaḍgālī''' (also called '''Jatgali''', '''Jatki''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grimes |first1=B. |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-513977-8 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195139778.001.0001/acref-9780195139778-e-0770 |language=en |chapter=Northwest Indo-Aryan Languages}}</ref> '''Zadjali''') is an ] spoken by various ] and ] tribes across ] and ] and also spoken by few hundreds in ]. It is one of only two Indo-Aryan languages found on the ].{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=23}} It is a dialect of ] language most closely related to ].<ref>{{harvnb|Delforooz|2008|pp=27–28}}. The similarity to Lasi emerged from a study of recordings of lexical items. The author notes that there nevertheless are differences in both pronunciation and lexicon.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jahani |first1=Carina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNoRAQAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+sindhi |title=The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan |last2=Korn |first2=Agnes |last3=Titus |first3=Paul Brian |date=2008 |publisher=Reichert Verlag |isbn=978-3-89500-591-6 |pages=28 |language=en |quote=the Jadgal in Dashtyari and speakers of Lasi in Las Bela or by assuming that Jadgali is a separate Sindhi dialect.'}}</ref> |
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'''Jaḍgālī''' (also called '''Jatgali''', '''Jatki''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grimes |first1=B. |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-513977-8 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195139778.001.0001/acref-9780195139778-e-0770 |language=en |chapter=Northwest Indo-Aryan Languages}}</ref> '''Zadjali''') is an ] spoken by the ], an ethno-linguistic group{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=23}} of ] and ] also spoken by few hundreds in ]. It is one of only two Indo-Aryan languages found on the ].{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=23}} It is a dialect of ] language most closely related to ].<ref>{{harvnb|Delforooz|2008|pp=27–28}}. The similarity to Lasi emerged from a study of recordings of lexical items. The author notes that there nevertheless are differences in both pronunciation and lexicon.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jahani |first1=Carina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNoRAQAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+sindhi |title=The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan |last2=Korn |first2=Agnes |last3=Titus |first3=Paul Brian |date=2008 |publisher=Reichert Verlag |isbn=978-3-89500-591-6 |pages=28 |language=en |quote=the Jadgal in Dashtyari and speakers of Lasi in Las Bela or by assuming that Jadgali is a separate Sindhi dialect.'}}</ref> |
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The majority of Jadgali speakers are found in Pakistan, where a 2004 estimate placed it at 15,600,{{sfn|Ethnologue|2017|ps =. Ethnologue had earlier estimated the population in Pakistan at 100,000.{{harv|Ethnologue|2013}}.}} and in Iran, where according to a 2008 estimate it is at least 25,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Delforooz|2008|p=25}}. The corresponding 2004 estimate reported in {{harvtxt|Ethnologue|2017}} was 10,000.</ref> There are also immigrant communities in ] and the ], where the Jadgali language is known as ''{{transl|ar|az-zighālī}}'' or ''{{transl|ar|az-zijālī}}''.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=25}} In Iran at least two varieties are spoken, which are reportedly not easily ].<ref>Based on the testimony of one speaker. {{harv|Delforooz|2008|p=28}}.</ref> |
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The majority of the Jadgali population is found in Pakistan, where a 2004 estimate placed it at 15,600,{{sfn|Ethnologue|2017|ps =. Ethnologue had earlier estimated the population in Pakistan at 100,000.{{harv|Ethnologue|2013}}.}} and in Iran, where according to a 2008 estimate it is at least 25,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Delforooz|2008|p=25}}. The corresponding 2004 estimate reported in {{harvtxt|Ethnologue|2017}} was 10,000.</ref> There are also immigrant communities in ] and the ], where the Jadgal are known as ''{{transl|ar|az-zighālī}}'' or ''{{transl|ar|az-zijālī}}''.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=25}} In Iran at least two varieties are spoken, which are reportedly not easily ].<ref>Based on the testimony of one speaker. {{harv|Delforooz|2008|p=28}}.</ref> |
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The term ''Jadgali'' is of ] origin, from Jad and gal meaning a speaker of the ], but it is nowadays used by Jadgali speakers themselves alongside the original Jadgali names for the lanuage ''Nummaṛī'' and ''Nummaṛikī''.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=28}} |
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The term ''Jadgal'' is of ] origin, but it is nowadays used by the Jadgal themselves, alongside their earlier endonym ''Nummaṛ'', which is the source of the language names ''Nummaṛī'' and ''Nummaṛikī''.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=28}} |
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Jadgali is ]. According to ], it is likely to have been the source of early Indo-Aryan influences on Balochi and ] and therefore studies of the language could help bring insights into the linguistic history of the area.{{sfn|Bashir|2016|pp=272, 277}} |
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Jadgali is ]. According to ], it is likely to have been the source of early Indo-Aryan influences on Balochi and ] and therefore studies of the language could help bring insights into the linguistic history of the area.{{sfn|Bashir|2016|pp=272, 277}} |
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In Iran, Jadgali is spoken in the ] region in the south and south-east of ], particularly in ], ] and ]; all neighbouring communities are ]-speaking.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=25, 28}} Most Jadgali speakers share the same customs and traditions with neighbouring Balochs, and are only differentiated by language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documentation of the Jadgali language {{!}} Endangered Languages Archive |url=https://www.elararchive.org/dk0730/#:~:text=The%20group%20presented%20here%20is,be%20a%20separate%20ethnic%20group. |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.elararchive.org |quote=Jadgal people......... Only their language distinguishes them from others in the region. They share the same traditions and customs with the Baloch people.}}</ref> According to local myths, they left their homeland after a defeat from the ruler of ] and then moved westward, eventually settling in Dashtyari during the reign of ].{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=25–26}} |
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In Iran, Jadgali is spoken in the ] region in the south and south-east of ], particularly in ], ] and ]; all neighbouring communities are ]-speaking.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=25, 28}} Most speakers of Jadgali ethnically self-identify as Jadgal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documentation of the Jadgali language {{!}} Endangered Languages Archive |url=https://www.elararchive.org/dk0730/#:~:text=The%20group%20presented%20here%20is,be%20a%20separate%20ethnic%20group. |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.elararchive.org |quote=Jadgal people.........they are not aware of their origin. They consider themselves to be separate from the Baloch and call themselves Jadgal. Likewise, Baloch people also consider them to be a separate ethnic group}}</ref> fewer Jadgal claim to be of Baloch origin and to have changed their language because of interactions with their neighbours at the time when they were settled in ], a region at the eastern end of Balochistan. According to this story, they left their homeland after a defeat from the ruler of ] and then moved westward, eventually settling in Dashtyari during the reign of ].{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=25–26}} |
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Balochi is the language of wider communication, all male adults are bilingual in it,{{sfn|Spooner|1969|p=144}} and it is more likely to be the one passed on to children in mixed marriages.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=42}} However, attitudes to Jadgali are positive and the language is vital.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=41–42}} ] is used relatively often.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=36, 42}} In addition to Balochi TV programmes, some people also watch Sindhi-language broadcasts from Pakistan.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=33}} |
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Balochi is the language of wider communication, all male adults are bilingual in it,{{sfn|Spooner|1969|p=144}} and it is more likely to be the one passed on to children in mixed marriages.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=42}} However, attitudes to Jadgali are positive and the language is vital.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=41–42}} ] is used relatively often.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|pp=36, 42}} In addition to Balochi TV programmes, some people also watch Sindhi-language broadcasts from Pakistan.{{sfn|Delforooz|2008|p=33}} |
The majority of the Jadgali population is found in Pakistan, where a 2004 estimate placed it at 15,600, and in Iran, where according to a 2008 estimate it is at least 25,000. There are also immigrant communities in Oman and the United Arab Emirates, where the Jadgal are known as az-zighālī or az-zijālī. In Iran at least two varieties are spoken, which are reportedly not easily intercomprehensible.
Balochi is the language of wider communication, all male adults are bilingual in it, and it is more likely to be the one passed on to children in mixed marriages. However, attitudes to Jadgali are positive and the language is vital. Persian is used relatively often. In addition to Balochi TV programmes, some people also watch Sindhi-language broadcasts from Pakistan.
Jadgali in Arabic script, in the three names of the language, Jadgali (Baloch name) and Numari (Native name)