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| | group = Jadgal | | group = Jadgal | ||
| | image = | | image = | ||
| | caption = | | caption = | ||
| | population = | | population = | ||
| | region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} | | region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} | ||
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| | languages = ] and ] (])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-VjAAAAMAAJ&q=Jadgal+people|title=Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics|first=Allah Rakhio|last=Butt|date=August 15, 1998|publisher=Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh|isbn=9789694050508 |via=Google Books}}</ref> | | languages = ] and ] (])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-VjAAAAMAAJ&q=Jadgal+people|title=Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics|first=Allah Rakhio|last=Butt|date=August 15, 1998|publisher=Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh|isbn=9789694050508 |via=Google Books}}</ref> | ||
| | religions = ] | | religions = ] | ||
| | related = ] |
| related = ] | ||
| | native_name = Nummaṛ<br />نماڑ<br />الزيغآلي | | native_name = Nummaṛ<br />نماڑ<br />الزيغآلي | ||
| | native_name_lang = jdg | | native_name_lang = jdg | ||
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| == History == | == History == | ||
| ⚫ | The Jadgals migrated from ] via ] to ].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TgIdAQAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+kulanch |title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan |date=1964 |publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications. |pages=30 |language=en |quote=Jadgals who migrated from Sind via Bela to Panjgur.}}</ref>{{full citation needed|author name and specific article is required|date=June 2024}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-AsAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+sindhi |title=Ethnology |date=1969 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh |pages=144 |language=en |quote=The Jadgāl claim to have immigrated from Sind some ten generations ago.}}</ref>{{full citation needed|author name and specific article is required|date=June 2024}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adamec |first=Ludwig W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iultAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal |title=Historical Gazetteer of Iran: Zahidan and southeastern Iran |date=1976 |publisher=Akad. Dr.- u. Verlag-Anst. |isbn=978-3-201-01428-1 |pages=22, 282 |language=en |quote=The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries.}}</ref> Anthropologist ] notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the western ]; they subsequently migrated to ] and are still found in ] and Balochistan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Field |first1=Henry |title=Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India |date=1970 |publisher=University of Michigan |page=197 |language=en |quote=Since they appear to be a purely Indian people, it is presumed that they migrated westward. Although the name Jadgals is now confined to Kulanch, the influential Rais-Baluch are connected with them.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Field |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXFWAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+kulanch |title=Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India |date=1970 |publisher=Field Research Projects |pages=197 |language=en}}</ref>{{quote needed|date=June 2024}} According to Ghulam Muhammad Khanzai, a ] of Jadgal origins, the Jadgals consider themselves to be Balochs who had originally migrated from Sindh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Breseeg |first=Taj Mohammad |title=Baloch nationalism, its origin and development |date=2004 |publisher=Royal Book Co |isbn=978-969-407-309-5 |edition=1. publ |location=Karachi |quote=" Speaking with Ghulam Mohammad Khanzai, a Baloch intellectual with Jadgal background, he told the author, 'We come from Sindh, but we are originally Baloch. It is why we migrated to Balochistan, we returned back to our original homeland'. He continued, 'For example look to our tribal names, I am a Mir, all the Mirs speak Sindhi in Sindh'. According to writer and former vice chancellor of Sindh University, Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Baloch, only the Baloch tribes are known as Mir in Sindh. "}}</ref>Regardless of their origins, they are generally seen as Baloch by the society in Balochistan.<ref name=spooner/> | ||
| {{See also|Sindhis}} | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| When the ] in modern-day ] and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the ] of ] where the ] ''az-Zighālī'' comes from.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Barjasteh Delforooz |first=Behrooz |date=August 15, 2008 |title=A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98561 |journal=The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference) |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Reichert |pages=23–43 |isbn=978-3-89500-591-6 |via=uu.diva-portal.org}}</ref> In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with the ] against the ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirzai |first1=Behnaz A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcJiDgAAQBAJ&dq=Jadgal+people&pg=PA229 |title=A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800-1929 |date=16 May 2017 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=9781477311868 |edition=1st |location=Austin}}</ref> | When the ] in modern-day ] and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the ] of ] where the ] ''az-Zighālī'' comes from.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Barjasteh Delforooz |first=Behrooz |date=August 15, 2008 |title=A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98561 |journal=The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference) |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Reichert |pages=23–43 |isbn=978-3-89500-591-6 |via=uu.diva-portal.org}}</ref> In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with the ] against the ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirzai |first1=Behnaz A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcJiDgAAQBAJ&dq=Jadgal+people&pg=PA229 |title=A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800-1929 |date=16 May 2017 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=9781477311868 |edition=1st |location=Austin}}</ref> | ||
| Line 41: | Line 40: | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ]<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Bapat |first=Jyotsna |title=India Iran Infrastructure cooperation: Chabahar Port |url=https://www.academia.edu/45030796 |journal= |quote=the top of the pyramid are superior tribes locally dubbed as Hakom, independent influential tribes are in the middle, and other inferior weak tribes are at the bottom of the pyramid. Hakom are Khans or Sardars, which in outer Chabahar refers to Sardarzahi and Boledehi tribes. Hoot and Mir (Jadgals) are examples of independent, influential tribes.}}</ref> | |||
| * Hoot<ref name=":3" /> | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 09:10, 15 October 2024
Ethnic group in West Asia | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
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| Nummaṛ نماڑ الزيغآلي | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Pakistan | 100,000 |
 Iran | 25,000 |
| Languages | |
| Jadgali and Balochi (Makrani dialect) | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Balochs | |
The Jadgal (also known as Nummaṛ or az-Zighālī) is an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group which speaks the Jadgali language. Jadgals are present in the Balochistan region of Iran and Pakistan, as well as in Oman.
History
The Jadgals migrated from Sindh via Bela to Panjgur. Anthropologist Henry Field notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the western Indian subcontinent; they subsequently migrated to Kulanch and are still found in Sindh and Balochistan. According to Ghulam Muhammad Khanzai, a Baloch nationalist of Jadgal origins, the Jadgals consider themselves to be Balochs who had originally migrated from Sindh.Regardless of their origins, they are generally seen as Baloch by the society in Balochistan.
When the Arabs arrived in modern-day Sindh and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the coast of Makran where the Arab name of az-Zighālī comes from. In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with the Wahhabis against the Sultanate of Oman.
Demographics
Around 100,000 Jadgals live in Pakistan according to a 1998 census conducted by Pakistan. In Iran, the Sardarzahi ethnic group is of Jadgal origin, claiming to be from Sindh. The rest of the Jadgals number around 25,000 according to a 2008 census conducted by Iran. All of the Jadgals in Iran live in the Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces.
Language
See also: Jadgali language and Sindhi languageJadgal people in Balochistan speak Jadgali language, although they converse with strangers in Balochi. Many linguists believe the Lasi dialect of the Lasi people may be related to Jadgali.
Tribes
References
- Butt, Allah Rakhio (August 15, 1998). Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. ISBN 9789694050508 – via Google Books.
- Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Gren-Eklund, Gunilla (2003). The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times. Reichert. p. 172. ISBN 978-3-89500-366-0.
- "Pakistan Economist". October 1975.
- Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan. Pakistan Herald Publications. 1964. p. 30.
Jadgals who migrated from Sind via Bela to Panjgur.
- Ethnology. University of Pittsburgh. 1969. p. 144.
The Jadgāl claim to have immigrated from Sind some ten generations ago.
- Adamec, Ludwig W. (1976). Historical Gazetteer of Iran: Zahidan and southeastern Iran. Akad. Dr.- u. Verlag-Anst. pp. 22, 282. ISBN 978-3-201-01428-1.
The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries.
- Field, Henry (1970). Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India. University of Michigan. p. 197.
Since they appear to be a purely Indian people, it is presumed that they migrated westward. Although the name Jadgals is now confined to Kulanch, the influential Rais-Baluch are connected with them.
- Field, Henry (1970). Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India. Field Research Projects. p. 197.
- Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2004). Baloch nationalism, its origin and development (1. publ ed.). Karachi: Royal Book Co. ISBN 978-969-407-309-5.
Speaking with Ghulam Mohammad Khanzai, a Baloch intellectual with Jadgal background, he told the author, 'We come from Sindh, but we are originally Baloch. It is why we migrated to Balochistan, we returned back to our original homeland'. He continued, 'For example look to our tribal names, I am a Mir, all the Mirs speak Sindhi in Sindh'. According to writer and former vice chancellor of Sindh University, Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Baloch, only the Baloch tribes are known as Mir in Sindh.
- ^ Spooner, Brian (1975). "Nomadism in Baluchistan". In Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheime, Günther-Dietz (eds.). Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia. Wiesbaden, Germany: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 171–182. ISBN 3-447-01552-7.
- ^ Barjasteh Delforooz, Behrooz (August 15, 2008). "A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan". The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference). Wiesbaden: Reichert: 23–43. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6 – via uu.diva-portal.org.
- Mirzai, Behnaz A. (16 May 2017). A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800-1929 (1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9781477311868.
- "ScholarlyCommons :: Home". repository.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
- Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2004). Baloch Nationalism: Its Origin and Development. Royal Book Company. p. 106. ISBN 978-969-407-309-5.
- Jahani, Carina (2014). "The Baloch as an Ethnic Group in the Persian Gulf Region". The Persian Gulf in Modern Times. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 267–297. doi:10.1057/9781137485779_11. ISBN 978-1-349-50380-3.
- "Documentation of the Jadgali language | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
- "Glottolog 4.7 - Lasi-Jadgali". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
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