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| On 10 November 1871, the ] ({{lang|fr|Ministère de la Marine}}) ] issued a specification for a new ]. Of the three alternatives submitted on 9 August 1872, the ] accepted that developed by Louis de Bussy, which was signed on 29 July. The design was based on his existing second-class coastal defense ships, as epitomised by the {{sclass|Bélier|ram|2}}, but with an armored deck raised by {{cvt|10|cm}}, sitting {{cvt|90|cm}} above the ] and all vertical dimensions increased by 25 percent. With similarity to the ] ] {{HMS|Glatton|1871|2}} but with a shorter breastwork, the design was agreed and built as class of two vessels, the first named ''Tonnerre''.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=80}} | On 10 November 1871, the ] ({{lang|fr|Ministère de la Marine}}) ] issued a specification for a new ]. Of the three alternatives submitted on 9 August 1872, the ] accepted that developed by Louis de Bussy, which was signed on 29 July. The design was based on his existing second-class coastal defense ships, as epitomised by the {{sclass|Bélier|ram|2}}, but with an armored deck raised by {{cvt|10|cm}}, sitting {{cvt|90|cm}} above the ] and all vertical dimensions increased by 25 percent. With similarity to the ] ] {{HMS|Glatton|1871|2}} but with a shorter breastwork, the design was agreed and built as class of two vessels, the first named ''Tonnerre''.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=80}} | ||
| A ] that had hull of steel, ''Tonnerre'' had a single turret forward and a narrow superstructure {{convert|6|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} wide aft.{{sfn|Campbell|1979|page=299}} The vessel ] {{convert|5588|MT|LT|lk=on}}, had an ] of {{convert|78.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, {{convert|75.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} at the ] and {{convert|73.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ]. The ship's ] was {{convert|17.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} at the waterline and ] was {{convert|6.421|m|ftin|abbr=on}} mean and {{convert|6.639|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ]. The ] numbered 190 sailors of all ranks.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=80}}{{sfn|Brassey|1897|page=292}} | |||
| ''Tonnerre'' was powered by a reconditioned engine that had previously powered the ] {{ship|French ironclad|Normandie||2}}.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=81}} It was a single horizontal simple expansion ] that drove one ]. | |||
| French naval doctrine was changing and the focus on coastal defense was being replaced by one of larger sea-going warships. The size of ships was also increasing, and newer, more capable ]s entered service.{{sfn|Paloczi-Horvath|1996|page=50}} After being reboilered and rearmed in 1900, the ship served for five years before being struck on 12 December 1905. After serving as a target at Brest for one year and at Lorient for another twelve, ''Tonnerre'' was retired. The ship was put up for sale at Lorient between 1920 and 1922.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=81}} | French naval doctrine was changing and the focus on coastal defense was being replaced by one of larger sea-going warships. The size of ships was also increasing, and newer, more capable ]s entered service.{{sfn|Paloczi-Horvath|1996|page=50}} After being reboilered and rearmed in 1900, the ship served for five years before being struck on 12 December 1905. After serving as a target at Brest for one year and at Lorient for another twelve, ''Tonnerre'' was retired. The ship was put up for sale at Lorient between 1920 and 1922.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=81}} | ||
Revision as of 10:08, 28 November 2024
Tonnerre was the lead ship of a class of two coastal defense breastwork monitors built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the 1870s. Armed with a main armament of two 274.4 mm (10.8 in)/19.75 Modèle 1875 guns mounted in a single turret that had armor 300 mm (12 in) thick, the ship was Launched in 1875, the vessel was originally commissioned into reserve at Brest. Between 1884 and 1885, the ship served in the Evolution Squadron (Escadre d'Evolutions) but joined the Northern Squadron (Esadre du Nord) in 1891. As part of a naval exercise in 1893, the vessel participated in the successful defence of Cherbourg against a superior force. As French naval doctrine moved from a fleet of smaller coastal defense ships to larger ocean-going battleships, the ship Tonnerre had an uneventful career.
Design and description
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On 10 November 1871, the Minister of the Navy (Ministère de la Marine) Louis Pierre Alexis Pothuau issued a specification for a new coastal defense ship. Of the three alternatives submitted on 9 August 1872, the French Navy accepted that developed by Louis de Bussy, which was signed on 29 July. The design was based on his existing second-class coastal defense ships, as epitomised by the Bélier-class ram, but with an armored deck raised by 10 cm (3.9 in), sitting 90 cm (35 in) above the waterline and all vertical dimensions increased by 25 percent. With similarity to the Royal Navy monitor Glatton but with a shorter breastwork, the design was agreed and built as class of two vessels, the first named Tonnerre.
A breastwork monitor that had hull of steel, Tonnerre had a single turret forward and a narrow superstructure 1.8 m (6 ft) wide aft. The vessel displaced 5,588 metric tons (5,500 long tons), had an overall length of 78.6 m (257 ft 10 in), 75.6 m (248 ft 0 in) at the waterline and 73.6 m (241 ft 6 in) between perpendiculars. The ship's beam was 17.6 m (57 ft 9 in) at the waterline and draught was 6.421 m (21 ft 0.8 in) mean and 6.639 m (21 ft 9.4 in) aft. The ship's complement numbered 190 sailors of all ranks.
Tonnerre was powered by a reconditioned engine that had previously powered the ironclad Normandie. It was a single horizontal simple expansion steam engine that drove one propeller shaft.
French naval doctrine was changing and the focus on coastal defense was being replaced by one of larger sea-going warships. The size of ships was also increasing, and newer, more capable battleships entered service. After being reboilered and rearmed in 1900, the ship served for five years before being struck on 12 December 1905. After serving as a target at Brest for one year and at Lorient for another twelve, Tonnerre was retired. The ship was put up for sale at Lorient between 1920 and 1922.
Citations
- ^ Roberts 2021, p. 80.
- Campbell 1979, p. 299.
- Brassey 1897, p. 292.
- ^ Roberts 2021, p. 81.
- Paloczi-Horvath 1996, p. 50.
Bibliography
- Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1897). "Part II: British and Foreign Armoured and Unarmoured Ships". The Naval Annual 1897. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 227–335. OCLC 1342523853.
- Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 282–333. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- King, J. W. (1881). The War-ships and Navies of the World. Boston: A. Williams and Company.
- Paloczi-Horvath, George (1996). From Monitor to Missile Boat: Coast Defence Ships and Coastal Defence Since 1860. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-270-4.
- Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
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