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	{{Somali clans}}The '''Murusade,''' (]: Murursade, Mursal; ]: مرسذه ,مرسل) also contemporarily known as '''Mursal''', are a ] sub-clan, part of the ] branch of the larger ] They primarily reside in the central regions of ], particularly in the ],<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Galgaduud {{!}} European Union Agency for Asylum \|url=https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2022/galgaduud \|access-date=2024-08-17 \|website=euaa.europa.eu \|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":28">{{Cite web \|title=EASO Country of Origin Information report. South and Central Somalia Country overview \|url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/easo/2014/en/101798 \|access-date=2024-08-17 \|website=Refworld \|pages=52–53 \|language=en}}</ref> ],<ref name=":02">International organisation for immigration in Somali: Community Stabilization Index Lower Shabelle – January 2022 https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323074347/https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf\|date=2023-03-23}}</ref> ]<ref>https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf p:103</ref><ref name=":28" /> and ] regions.		{{Somali clans}}The '''Murusade,''' (]: Murursade, Mursal; ]: مرسذه ,مرسل) also contemporarily known as '''Mursal''', are a ] sub-clan, part of the ] branch of the larger ]. They primarily reside in the central regions of ], particularly in the ],<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Galgaduud {{!}} European Union Agency for Asylum \|url=https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2022/galgaduud \|access-date=2024-08-17 \|website=euaa.europa.eu \|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":28">{{Cite web \|title=EASO Country of Origin Information report. South and Central Somalia Country overview \|url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/easo/2014/en/101798 \|access-date=2024-08-17 \|website=Refworld \|pages=52–53 \|language=en}}</ref> ],<ref name=":02">International organisation for immigration in Somali: Community Stabilization Index Lower Shabelle – January 2022 https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323074347/https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf\|date=2023-03-23}}</ref> ]<ref>https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf p:103</ref><ref name=":28" /> and ] regions.

	The Mursal traditionally ~~consists~~ of ], ] people, ] and ]. ~~They are historically viewed as an affluent clan.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2024}}~~ They are also one of the earliest inhabitants of ], the capital city of ].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web \|date=1938 \|title=Maggiore, Corpo Di Stato \|url=https://ibb.co/1dXYN5y \|publisher=Tipografia Regionale \|page=40 \|access-date=2023-04-14 \|archive-date=2023-04-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414233014/https://ibb.co/1dXYN5y \|url-status=live }}</ref>		The Mursal traditionally consist of ], ] people, ] and ]. They are also one of the earliest inhabitants of ], the capital city of ].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web \|date=1938 \|title=Maggiore, Corpo Di Stato \|url=https://ibb.co/1dXYN5y \|publisher=Tipografia Regionale \|page=40 \|access-date=2023-04-14 \|archive-date=2023-04-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414233014/https://ibb.co/1dXYN5y \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	== Origins and Etymology ==		== Origins and Etymology ==
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	The ] clan, to which the Murusade belongs, was historically involved in combating foreign invaders in the ] region as these two nations historically shared an extensive border.<ref name="Atti">{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8IBAAAAYAAJ&dq=karanle&pg=PA362 \|title=Atti \|date=1894 \|pages=362 \|language=it}}</ref>		The ] clan, to which the Murusade belongs, was historically involved in combating foreign invaders in the ] region as these two nations historically shared an extensive border.<ref name="Atti">{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8IBAAAAYAAJ&dq=karanle&pg=PA362 \|title=Atti \|date=1894 \|pages=362 \|language=it}}</ref>

	{{Blockquote\|text="Gum, myrrh, ostrich feathers, ivory, incense abound in Karanle; they don't grow the coffee they get from the Galla. They have camels, cattle, sheep and horses in fair quantities....They alone, led by Omar-Abdi, had the courage to face the 15 thousand Amhara raiders in the Ogaden."<ref name="Atti"~~>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8IBAAAAYAAJ&dq=karanle&pg=PA362 \|title=Atti \|date=1894 \|pages=362~~ ~~\|language=it}}<~~/~~ref~~>}}		{{Blockquote\|text="Gum, myrrh, ostrich feathers, ivory, incense abound in Karanle; they don't grow the coffee they get from the Galla. They have camels, cattle, sheep and horses in fair quantities....They alone, led by Omar-Abdi, had the courage to face the 15 thousand Amhara raiders in the Ogaden."<ref name="Atti" />}

	The ] is considered as the maternal ancestors of numerous prominent clan families, including the ], the ], and certain ] subclans.<ref name=":29">{{Cite book \|last=Cerulli \|first=Enrico \|title=Somalia \|date=1959 \|publisher=Istituto poligrafico dello Stato P.V \|volume=2 \|publication-date=1959 \|pages=243 \|language=Italian}}</ref>{{Blockquote\|text="The mother of Hirabä was Faduma Karanlä."\|source=—Enrico Cerulli, How a Hawiye Tribe use to Live}}

	Murusade, whose given name is Mursal, also known as Waadere karanle (Adere is the alternative name for the city of ] where Mursal was born),<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Yigezu \|first=Moges \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Is2nUM-5UQC&dq=harar+adere&pg=PA84 \|title=Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia: The Case of Harari Region \|date=2010 \|publisher=African Books Collective \|isbn=978-99944-55-47-8 \|language=en}}</ref> and his sister Faay. When his father passed away, Mursal decided to migrated on a North-central ], thereby separating from him his other ] siblings.

	The Murusade hail from a background of ] and have a widespread geographical presence within the central regions of ].<ref>Clanship, Conflict and Refugees: An Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4150/1/Clanship_%20conflict%20and%20refugees_An%20introduction%20to%20Somalis%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217092654/https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4150/1/Clanship_%20conflict%20and%20refugees_An%20introduction%20to%20Somalis%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf \|date=2024-02-17 }}</ref>{{page needed\|date=August 2024}} They have influenced the historical, political, and economic development of these regions.{{Peacock inline\|date=August 2024}} Of particular significance is their predominant position in the mining towns of ] district - an area that has been inhabited since the 13th century and that served as a crucial economic hub during the ] Sultanate and subsequent eras.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news \|date=25 August 2023 \|title=Afar Arimood that became famous in Elbur, the city of Al-Shabaab was captured this afternoon \|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/crg328p0x52o#:~:text=Elbur%20district%20is%20an%20ancient%20district%2C%20historians%20believe%20that%20it%20was%20founded%20in%20the%2013th%20century%2C%20and%20it%20was%20once%20a%20trading%20center%20for%20the%20Ajuran%20kingdom%20that%20ruled%20a%20large%20area%20of%20%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8BSomalia. \|work=BBC News \|access-date=12 April 2024 \|archive-date=20 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020191748/https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/crg328p0x52o#:~:text=Elbur%20district%20is%20an%20ancient%20district%2C%20historians%20believe%20that%20it%20was%20founded%20in%20the%2013th%20century%2C%20and%20it%20was%20once%20a%20trading%20center%20for%20the%20Ajuran%20kingdom%20that%20ruled%20a%20large%20area%20of%20%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8BSomalia. \|url-status=live }}</ref> The region was historically important due to its extensive reserves of valuable minerals and various other valuable resources.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web \|last=Gure \|first=Abdulkadir \|date=February 2016 \|title=Properties and Applications of Sepiolite Clay Mineral from El-Bur and its potential role for Somalia's long-term Economic Development \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367453044 \|publisher=Sunlight {{!}} Water and Environmental Consultancy Services \|via=Research Gate \|access-date=2024-03-03 \|archive-date=2024-05-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522133644/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367453044_Properties_and_Applications_of_Sepiolite_Clay_Mineral_from_El-Bur_and_its_potential_role_for_Somalia's_long-term_Economic_Development \|url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout history, this particular area has held great significance as it served as a crucial hub for the extraction and exportation of ] and salt, alongside other highly sought-after resources. These resources were then utilised in the creation of traditional Somali handcrafts, including but not limited to ], also referred to as unsi, as well as ], ] and ] among an array of other traditional ] handcrafts.{{Peacock inline\|date=August 2024}} ] is also the place of origin of the local pipe-making industry.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Abdullahi \|first=Mohamed Diriye \|title=Culture and customs of Somalia \|date=2001 \|publisher=Greenwood Press \|isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 \|series=Culture and customs of Africa \|location=Westport, Conn. }}</ref>{{page needed\|date=August 2024}}

	Furthermore, the Murusade also form the majority population alongside the ] clan in ].<ref>Somali Dialogue Platfoem: Prospects for District Council Formation and democratization in Banadir Regional Administration December 2023 https://riftvalley.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/pb_EN_BRA-DCF_WEB3.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303181038/https://riftvalley.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/pb_EN_BRA-DCF_WEB3.pdf \|date=2024-03-03 }} Page 14</ref>{{Editorializing\|date=August 2024}} In the past, there was a fairly respected division between the Murusade group and the ] community. However, with the evolution of ] into the capital city of Somalia, a wave of ] migrants flocked to establish themselves there. Consequently, the governing administrations introduced new regulations regarding land acquisition, which compelled the Murusade to cede parts of their own territories and lands.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=22 March 2014 \|title=UNTOLD HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF KARANLE, HAWIYA'S FIRST SON AND THE SOMALI NATION'S UNIFIER OF KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM. \|url=https://karanle.blogspot.com/2014/03/karanles-hidden-political-historical.html?m=1#:~:text=Moreover%2C%20Banadir%20(Xamar,land%20and%20territories. \|website=Karanle.Blogspot \|access-date=12 April 2024 \|archive-date=5 December 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205053020/https://karanle.blogspot.com/2014/03/karanles-hidden-political-historical.html?m=1#:~:text=Moreover%2C%20Banadir%20(Xamar,land%20and%20territories. \|url-status=live }}</ref>{{unreliable source?\|date=August 2024}} The Murusade are widely recognised for their entrepreneurial spirit, which is reflected in their ownership of a disproportionately high number of businesses in ] and elsewhere, including the well-known enterprise, ].

	== History ==

	=== Medieval era ===
	The Murusade have a rich ] heritage that dates back along the ancient ] and central ]. Throughout history, they have demonstrated a strong ] towards ] and various forms of ], actively engaging in a wide array of economic pursuits. These activities ranged from ] in the arid deserts of central ] to ] practices along the fertile lands surrounding the ] including the scant but moderate use of slave client labor. According to the "Middle Jubba Study on Governance" published in 1999:

	<blockquote>The farming was performed by local client-farmers, boon, or low status groups of the dominant Biimaal, Geledle, Hintirre, Murosade, Mobileyn and other predominantly pastoral clans which had established control of small portions of the valley. They produced mainly to serve local markets. Ample, fertile land remained uncultivated, due to a chronic shortage of farm labor. In order to respond to market demands for grain in South Arabia, the local Somali clans of the Lower Shabelle began purchasing slaves from Arab and Swahili slave ships. These slaves came first from Zanzibar (the Zegua or Mushunguli people).</blockquote>

	Moreover, the Murusade have been actively involved in trade within bustling urban hubs and settlements located along the ] coast, including the city of ], which is the current capital of ] and where they were among the earliest settlers.<ref name=":3" />

	The Murusade ]s had established extensive and intricate relationships with a multitude of ]ates and kingdoms situated along the ] coast, showcasing the remarkable reputation they had meticulously crafted over time. This notable reputation resulted in the appointment of Murusade ]s and representatives in the ] of these entities, most notably in the ]. The title of the clan was per the namesake of their genealogical ancestor, Garfuul. A famous proverb that still survives from this era says "''Garqaad Gareen Ajuuraan baa leh, Garnaqsi Garfuul Karanlaa leh''."

	The Murusade's profound inclination towards mercantilism propelled them to venture further south along the ] coast, thereby granting them access to additional markets in the southern regions, particularly in bustling cities like ] and ], ultimately leading to a period of unprecedented prosperity. However, this significant migration south along the ] coast inadvertently caused the Murusade clan to become detached to a degree. ] provides a highly valuable reference to this as well as their presence along the ] coast, stating:<ref name=":11" /><blockquote>"The Murosade, who have become detached in the process of tribal movement, are found in small groups in the region of Merca and, in a larger body, below the Shebelle around Afgoi. They are essentially pastoralists, although they practice some cultivation, and in the Merca region, they are engaged in the caravan trade."</blockquote>
	]
	The clan also maintained strong ties with their ] counterparts located within and surrounding the ], as well as its predecessor, the ] and ]. This can be seen today in descendants of the Ethiopian Karanle subclans inhabiting southern Somalia for generations with their kinsmen - the Italian census of 1931 counts the Sihawle as a Murursade affiliated clan inhabiting parts of ] and they also can be found in small numbers in Mogadishu, while the Murursade subclan the Muusetuur, can be found in ] and ]. These connections were effectively employed to ease their participation in commercial caravans originating from the northern territories. The primary purpose of these caravans was to transport and export a diverse range of locally-made traditional ] handicrafts. Among these handcrafts was the famous ], also recognised as ], as well as various items like incense burners, ], ]s, and ], among a plethora of other traditional ] handicrafts. These products were procured from ], a notable Murusade settlement, which served as the clan's main trading hub in central and northern Somalia. It was from this hub that they obtained significant quantities of economically valuable minerals such as ], ], ], ], and ], in addition to other commodities like ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] among others.<ref name=":10" />

	==== Banaadir coast ====
	As the Murusade clan expanded in size, they initiated a migration away from their traditional territory located in the northern-central region of ], moving towards the southern regions in the company of other ]. The ], to which the Murusade belong, hold the distinction of being the earliest ] to be documented in historical records.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lewis \|first=I. M. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&dq=hawiye+al+idrisi&pg=PA109 \|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society \|date=1994 \|publisher=The Red Sea Press \|isbn=978-0-932415-93-6 \|language=en}}</ref> The historical accounts trace their presence back to the 12th century, portraying them as a significant ] community that resided in the area ranging from ] to ], encompassing the fertile lands along the "Nile of Mogadishu," known as the Webi ].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Braukämper \|first=Ulrich \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&pg=PA136 \|title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays \|date=2002 \|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster \|isbn=978-3-8258-5671-7 \|language=en}}</ref> Subsequent writings by ] further reinforce the prominence of the ], linking them to key locations such as ] and the ] valley. Of particular note is ], which is specifically identified as the "capital of Hawiye country," boasting a multitude of more than 50 settlements within its boundaries.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Morin \|first=Didier \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ESOMi7W6Pj4C&dq=hawiye+al+idrisi&pg=PA9 \|title=Des paroles douces comme la soie: introduction aux contes dans l'aire couchitique (Bedja, Afar, Saho, Somali) \|date=1995 \|publisher=Peeters Publishers \|isbn=978-90-6831-678-0 \|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite book \|last=Mukhtar \|first=Mohamed Haji \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&q=historical+references+to+the+somali+merca \|title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia \|date=2003-02-25 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6604-1 \|language=en}}</ref> The historical trajectory of the Murusade clan's migration aligns with the broader movement of the ], underscoring their shared history and cultural heritage. This journey signifies not only a physical relocation but also a symbolic continuation of the legacy and influence of the ] across different regions of Somalia.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Burton \|first=Sir Richard Francis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzhCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA65 \|title=First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar \|date=1856 \|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans \|language=en}}</ref> <blockquote>"Since sections of the Hawiyya were migrating southward before and during Gragn's jihad, it is not inconceivable that they brought certain theocratic notions with them. Indeed, the Ajuran maintained a wakil (governor) in the region around Qallafo. This area was not only the traditional Hawiyya homeland, but also stood midway geographically between the emirates of Harar and the Benaadir, an ideal link for the transmission of political and religious ideas."</blockquote>

	===== Mogadishu =====
	] has a rich historical background that dates back to ancient times. It served as the capital of the Sultanate of Mogadishu from the 9th to the 13th century, controlling the trade from ] to the ]. Subsequently, it came under the rule of the ] in the 13th century, a significant player in the maritime trade along the medieval Silk Road.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Pouwels \|first1=Randall L. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iyw-_NMk0bgC&q=Horn+and+Crescent+Cultural+Change+and+Traditional+Islam+on+the+East+African+Coast, \|title=Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, 800-1900 \|last2=Pouwels \|first2=Randall Lee \|date=2002-06-06 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52309-7 \|language=en}}</ref> The Murusade clan in agreement with others, argue to be one of the original inhabitants of ], having settled there sometime over a millennium ago.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Hashi\|first=Abdinur\|title=Weapons and Clan Politics in Somalia\|date=1996\|publisher=Hashi\|page=147\|url=https://postimg.cc/jnXttwVL}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
	According to ] Mahamed Ahmed ] Mahamud, a ] ] and ] of ] ]:<ref name=":12">https://banadirwiki.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/121189964-1.pdf {{Bare URL PDF\|date=August 2024}}</ref> <blockquote>"Some of the earliest Somalis from the interior to interact with the Xamari were the Abgal-Reer Mataan, except the Yaquub of the Harti, who settled in Shingani. Additionally, the Is-Xijwaq settled at Gubta. Later, the Muse Abkood, Habar Ceyno, and Hillabi Mohamed from the Murasade (Hawiye) also arrived. These Hawiye groups were collectively referred to as the Xamar Daye, while the Xamari identified themselves as such."</blockquote>
	Ishijwaaq, Muse Abkood, Habar Ceyno, and Hilibi Mohammed are all sub-clans of the Murusade clan.<ref name=":1" /> At a certain point in ] history, elders from different factions gathered to address the rising behavioral issues in the community. This led to the establishment of ]s, known as iskaashatooyin. It was also decided that the ] would be divided into four zones or quarters, with residents being collectively known by the name of their respective zone. Dhabar Weyne, one of these zones located near the coast, was predominantly inhabited by members of the Murusade clan.<ref name=":12" /> During their time there, this clan played a vital role in the city's economy by forming alliances with various clans and participating in commercial activities. Positioned strategically at the ], they took advantage of access to lucrative markets in the ], thereby contributing to the city's economic growth. The Murusade, alongside the Yaquub, are also listed being as long native inhabitants and a stand alone (non-confederacy) in the ancient Mogadishu districts of Shingani, Hamarweyne and Hamar Jajab in the earliest Italian census takes of Mogadishu at the turn of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Omar\|first=Mohamed Osman\|title=The Scramble in the Horn of Africa History of Somalia, 1827 1977\|date=2001\|publisher=Somali Publications\|page=1\|isbn=978-1-874209-63-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RAOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Asceraf+Mursola&pg=PA20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Baadiyow\|first=Abdurahman\|title=Making Sense of Somali History Volume 1\|date=2017\|publisher=Adonis & Abbey Publishers Limited\|page=95\|isbn=978-1-909112-79-7 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA95}}</ref>].\|308x308px]]

	Their impact on the city was profound, as indicated by the symbolic gesture of dedicating one of the four original gateways of the ancient city in their honor.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Stefanini \|first=Giuseppe \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxQUAAAAIAAJ&q=porta+mursola,+somali \|title=In somalia: note e impressioni di viaggio \|date=1922 \|publisher=Le Monnier \|language=it}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> Accounts of ] gate by Italian colonial officer Giuseppe Stefanini in May 1913:<blockquote>"A wall surrounds all the city and opens itself to the outside through four doors : one towards the sea on the north east side going to Itala and Obbia ; the Gardens door ; the Market door, from which are the roads leading to the interior and, particularly, to Afgoi, the Scidle and the Dafet ; and finally, the Mursola door to the south, leading towards Gesira, Merca and Brava "</blockquote>

	===== Merca =====
	The Murusade, in addition to Dhabar Weyne, were known to operate under other aliases. Though Murusade mostly operated outside confederacies and engaged in the caravan trade in the Benadir coastal cities and towns like Bulo Mareer and Merca, some small subclans like the Ibrahim ] also migrated there and created aliases like the Shukeerere,<ref>https://www.africalandpolicy.org/eu-programme/sites/default/files/Somalia_Lower%20Shabele%20report_final.pdf

	{{Bare URL inline\|date=August 2024}}</ref> a group identified as traders along the ] coast, with significant populations in ], where they held a prominent position as one of the 12 Koofid.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Banafunzi \|date=2020-12-20 \|title=The 12 Koofi of Marka \|url=https://banadirwiki.com/the-12-koofi-of-marka/ \|access-date=2024-05-31 \|website=Banadirwiki \|language=en-GB}}</ref> The term "Koofi" denotes a hat and is symbolic of the 12 elders or clan leaders who serve as representatives of the ] community. Furthermore, the Shukeerere community had a presence in other ] towns like ], where they predominantly resided in the Morshe cooperative.<ref name=":12" />

	==== Ajuran Sultanate ====
	] Showing the ]]]
	By the 13th Century, the ], including the Murusade, found themselves under the governance of the ], which was led by the ], another Hawiye subclan of the Garen Jambelle Hawiye clan family and instrumental in establishing the ], a powerful entity that held sway over vast territories encompassing much of southern ] and parts of eastern Ethiopia.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book \|last=Cassanelli \|first=Lee V. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVIrEAAAQBAJ&q=The+shaping+of+Somali+society:+reconstructing+the+history+of+a+pastoral+people, \|title=The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 16-19 \|date=2016-11-11 \|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press \|isbn=978-1-5128-0666-3 \|language=en}}</ref> This ] reach extended from the northern town of ] to the western region of ], and all the way down to the southern city of ]. To solidify their control and authority, the ] rulers strategically leveraged a network of Hawiye clans, including the Murusade, relying on their support to maintain Ajuuran supremacy across the land. Notably, it was during the reign of the Ajuuran Sultanate that the Murusade town of ] flourished and emerged as a significant local trading center.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":26">{{Cite book \|last=Cerulli \|first=Enrico \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikFyAAAAMAAJ \|title=Somalia: Diritto. Etnografia. Linguistica. Come viveva una tribù Hawiyya \|date=1957 \|publisher=Istituto poligrafico dello Stato P.V. \|language=it}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> Enrico Cerulli states:<blockquote>"In historical terms, a theocratic ideology superimposed on an extensive network of Hawiyya-affiliated clans helped uphold Ajuran dominance over a wide region."</blockquote>The ] collapsed in the 17th century primarily due to their implementation of excessive taxes on their populace, which led to the Hawiye initiating a rebellion and defeating the Ajuran Sultanate.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Cassanelli \|first=Lee V. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkctwAACAAJ \|title=Towns and Trading Centers in Somalia: A Nomadic Perspective \|date=1980 \|publisher=African Studies Association \|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Abdurahman \|first=Abdullahi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ \|title=Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1 \|date=2017-09-18 \|publisher=Adonis and Abbey Publishers \|isbn=978-1-909112-79-7 \|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, the Hawiye became key figures in a new influx of Somali migrants, who were in search of safety and new opportunities elsewhere.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite book \|last=Lewis \|first=I. M. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt5yAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA24 \|title=A Modern History Of Somalia: Nation And State In The Horn Of Africa, Revised, Updated, And Expanded Edition \|date=1988-05-05 \|publisher=Avalon Publishing \|isbn=978-0-8133-7402-4 \|language=en}}</ref>

	The Ajuran migrated back to Ethiopia to rejoin older Ajuran lineages as well as the Karanle, demonstrating the long ties between both clans despite the turbulent history, intermarriage and political alliances in the face of Oromo and Ethiopian incursions persisted.

	<blockquote>The Somali race of Neciasciar (a village in central Oromia) is represented by the Gurra, with few Hauia elements. The Caranle and the Agiuran, who immigrated there thirty years ago and who have a considerable influence on the social life of the Arsi; the Caranle especially came there to Islamize them, but ended up merging with them in a process of mutual assimilation, causing the Arsi to lose their religious heritage. It is therefore the work of the Caranle if today the Arsi of Neciasciar are Muslims, a modest minority is still pagan, but everything suggests that this is disappearing to embrace Islamism.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Roma\|first=Biblioteca\|title=L'illustrazione coloniale\|date=1925\|publisher=Milano Varietta\|page=66\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jum6ZYx0cu8C&dq=Caranle+Neciasciar&pg=RA1-PA66}}</ref></blockquote>

	==== Hiraab Imamate ====
	Within this successor group of migrants were the Murusade, who traveled southwards alongside the Hiraab clan who would go on to establish the ] as a successor to the now defunct ]. The long standing relationship between the Hiraab and the Murusade dating back to the foundations of Hawiye, prospered during this initial era. Key subclans of the Yaquub were born to women of the Murusade clan. The Murusade played a key role in defeating the ] along the ]. I.M Lewis states:<ref name=":11" /><blockquote>"The Ajuran influence was considerable and the pressure which they exerted to the south-east contributed to the collapse of the Muzaffar dynasty of Mogadishu. Other tribes of the Hawiya family now began to appear in the south. The Herab and Murosade defeated the Ajuran and settled along the Shebelle."</blockquote>

	According to Roland Marchal in his 1997 Studies On Governance commenting on the established Murursade sections of the Benadir region and Mogadishu city:<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Marchal \|first=Roland \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdMlAQAAMAAJ&q=roland+marchal+Studies+on+Governance:+North+Mudug+and+Nugaal+regions \|title=Studies on Governance: North Mudug and Nugaal regions \|date=1997 \|publisher=United Nations Development Office for Somalia \|language=en}}</ref>

	<blockquote>"Historically, the Murusade community, like in other districts of the region, was part of the Hiraab. The situation had changed by the beginning of this century when the Hiraab denomination shifted to Hawiye, maybe because of the number of Hawiye (though non- Hiraab) settling in the region."</blockquote>

	==== Geledi Sultanate ====
	]
	Following the collapse of the ] and the subsequent migrations of the ] in the lower Shabelle region, this particular era witnessed a significant increase in inter-] conflicts that were predominantly fought along clan divisions.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book \|last=Cassanelli \|first=Lee \|title=The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900 \|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=0812278321 \|pages=107 \|language=English}}</ref><ref name=":11" /> The Murusade clan found themselves embroiled in the midst of this turmoil, engaging in numerous battles to secure power and territory within the ] region, particularly facing off against the ] sub-clan of the ]. Moreover, the Murusade were also involved in clashes with the ] residing on the upper banks of the ] during this period, leading to a significant incursion across the river in close proximity to the city of Sindassi near ]. Subsequently, the Murusade made the decision to migrate towards the northern regions, where a majority of their skirmishes against the ] sub-clan took place, further intensifying the conflicts in the area.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book \|last=Luling \|first=Virginia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0Y_AQAAIAAJ \|title=Somali Sultanate: The Geledi City-state Over 150 Years \|date=2002 \|publisher=Transaction Publishers \|isbn=978-1-874209-98-0 \|language=en}}</ref> This series of events during the time period following the ] collapse underscores the intricate web of power struggles, territorial disputes, and inter-ethnic confrontations that characterized the historical landscape of the lower Shabelle region.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book \|last=Colucci \|first=Massimo \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kbo0AAAAIAAJ \|title=Principi di diritto consuetudinario della Somalia italiana meridionale: i gruppi sociali, la proprietà con dieci tavole dimostrative, sotto gli auspici del governo della Somalia italiana \|date=1924 \|publisher=Soc. an. editrice "La Voce" \|language=it}}</ref><ref name=":14" /> Colucci states;<blockquote>"Among the Garanle tribes, only the Uadaris were included within the ancient borders of the Benadir Colony, especially represented by the Murisada or Mursola, bordering the Obbia region and the middle Shabelle. According to Colucci, a compact group occupies the villages of Demeràle, Gumurei and Màgle: originally they were in Torre and Sindassi (Brava), but defeated by the Galla, they emigrated to the north. They fought against the Hauìa Uadan and they defeated them six times, but they were then defeated and had to retreat to Balad, where, encountering with other Hauìa, the Mobilèn, succeeded well three times to beat them, but then suffered from them too a defeat and they fell back on Gheledi, welcomed as alifa by Sultan Jusuf Mahmud and occupied the lands where they still are today. To the Garanle tribe the Murisadas also belong, descended, to what they claim, from Northern Somalia to right bank of the Shebelle, south of the Mobilèn. "</blockquote>The Murusade were welcomed as 'Halifa' or allies by the ], led by ], who was looking to form partnerships to counter neighboring clans like the ], the ] and the ].<ref name=":14" /> By the close of the 17th century, the ] was experiencing a decline, causing various vassals to either gain independence or become part of emerging Somali powers.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Pearce \|first=Jeff \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XtVVEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ajuran+imam&pg=PA63 \|title=The Gifts of Africa: How a Continent and Its People Changed the World \|date=2022-04-15 \|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield \|isbn=978-1-63388-771-8 \|language=en}}</ref> One of these emerging powers was the ], which started to assert its authority over the ] region. Initially vassals, the ] and the ] rebelled against and expelled the Silcis by the turn of the 18th century.<ref name=":14" /> Subsequently, the two clans established an alliance, later joined by the Murusade, who were granted land in the northeast of the ], including Afgooye, where they founded parts of the town quarters and its important offices. They also founded several other towns, taking ] as clients in order to farm the fields along the banks of the river.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":27" /> The Murusade fought heavily in the Geledi Conquest of ] in 1843, defeating the Jamaa'at in order to restore the ivory trade station inside its citadel that connected routes to ].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":27">{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wo_VoAEACAAJ \|title=Countering the Al-Shabaab Insurgency in Somalia: Lessons for U.S. Special Operations Forces Report 14-1 \|date=2014 \|publisher=JSOU Press \|isbn=978-1-933749-85-3 \|pages=65 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Cassanelli\|first=Lee\|title=The Benaadir Past Essays in Southern Somali History\|date=1973\|page=119\|url=https://postimg.cc/n9n2tvLN}}</ref> These three clans, collectively known as Geledi, formed a unified social and political entity over the following centuries, culminating in conflicts with the Italians. The primary factions within this coalition, namely the Murusade and the ], were deemed crucial allies. Despite being part of the ], they maintained their distinct identities, engaging in the exchange of ] and other legal compensations as a united polity. They were, however, regarded as equals by the ], who sought their counsel prior to making decisions.<ref name=":14" /><blockquote>"From time to time a general assembly, kulun, of the entire Geledi clan, was held. Such an assembly would be ordered by the sultan; any man could come who wished, but it was necessary that all the lineages should be represented....There was an attempt to hold a general kulun at the election of 1964, to choose whom the clan would elect as deputy. The sultan refused to ratify it unless the Wa'adan and Murusade were also called."</blockquote>

	=== Early Modern Period ===

	==== Battles against the Portuguese ====
	The Murusade, as one of the principle clans of the ] coast, engaged in conflicts with the ], who aimed to dominate trade routes along the ] and the ]. Mentions of the clan group can be found in Portuguese references dating back to the 16th century.<ref>{{cite book\|last=de Lannoy de Bissy d'italia\|first=Régnauld\|title=Carte de l'Afrique à l'échelle de Mouqdicha\|date=1886\|page=1\|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b59701517/f1.item.zoom#}}</ref><ref>\|quote= The Hauia groups, who came into contact with the Arabs of the coast, married some of them and it was probably these mixes that had the Emozaidi group, mentioned by Portuguese writers; the great invasion of the Agiuràn originated from these groups.</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Vandermaelaen\|first=Carlo\|title= Côte d'Ajan\|date=1826\|page=1\|url=https://www.alamy.com/afrique-cte-dajan-37-somalia-ethiopia-mogadishu-vandermaelen-1827-map-image446966730.html}}</ref>

	At the time, the Murusade resided in the vicinity of ], near Sindassi, Torre, and Barawe, and aligned themselves with the ] coalition in resistance against the ].<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":14" />

	The Murusade are also noted to have participated attacks against the city of Barawa during this time.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LiMOpPHenQ4C&dq=Les+reconstructions+identitaires+de+l%E2%80%99exode+:+les+r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s+somaliens+%C3%A0+Mombasa+(Kenya)&pg=PA27 \|title=Variations \|date=1999 \|publisher=IRD Editions \|isbn=978-2-87678-511-3 \|pages=33 \|language=fr}}</ref><blockquote>"Historically, the case of Brava is closer to that of Merka, where the Zanzibarite Arabs of the city formed an alliance with the Tunni, a Digil clan, to repel the assaults of the Hawiye communities in the hinterland, the Abgal, the Murosade and the Wadan. Brava was the object of many of these battles and was successfully coveted by the Portuguese (in the 17th century), the Omanis (in the 17th century), the Egyptians (in 1875) and the Italians (in 1885), each one forming roots."</blockquote>

	==== Italian Somaliland ====
	The Murusade are one of the principal clans of the ancient Banaadir coast, also declared as the "Benadir Colony" by the Italians when they arrived, and it span from ] to Jubaland. Due to this, despite the fact that the ] of the clan, Mudei Hassan of the Hilibi sub-clan, had officially signed a ] with the Italians, On December 27, 1894, in ],<ref name=":23">{{Cite book \|last=Caroselli \|first=F. S. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgi-9pl14uAC \|title=Museo della Garesa: Catalogo \|date=1934 \|publisher=Regio Governo della Somalia \|pages=20 \|language=it}}</ref> certain branches of the clan residing in some of the southern areas, which were significantly distanced from the direct authority of the ] and the clan elders, persisted in engaging in conflicts against the Italian forces. This was particularly evident in the case of branches that had established strategic alliances with the aforementioned ], thereby strengthening their resistance efforts. The alliance formed by the ], ], and Murusade factions emerged as a pivotal and influential force that actively opposed the Italian presence in the region.<ref name=":17">{{Cite book \|last=Ciisa-Salwe \|first=Cabdisalaam M. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxMOAQAAMAAJ \|title=The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy \|date=1996 \|publisher=HAAN \|isbn=978-1-874209-91-1 \|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":24" /><ref name=":13" />

	===== Battle of Lafoole =====
	{{Further\|Banadir resistance}}
	]
	On November 25, 1896, the Italian government authorized an expedition to explore the inland areas.<ref name=":19">{{Cite book \|last=Hess \|first=Robert L. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33QWAAAAIAAJ&q=november+ \|title=Italian Colonialism in Somalia \|date=1966 \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|isbn=978-0-317-11311-2 \|language=en}}</ref> This authorization was eagerly anticipated by Cecchi, the main architect of Italian colonialism in Africa, serving the Governor General of the overall colonial mission, who was determined to finalize agreements with the influential ], whom he believed to be pivotal to Italy's plans for ]. However, it became apparent that the ] did not accurately represent the sentiments of the local population, who vehemently opposed Italian expansion in the region. After establishing their camp at ] in the evening, the expedition group was unexpectedly ambushed, leading to a fierce confrontation.<ref name=":17" /> Despite this initial attack, it did not definitively halt the progress of the expedition. The following morning, a renewed and more intense assault took place, ultimately resulting in the decisive defeat of the Italian expedition, with only three survivors left to recount the harrowing defeat that they suffered including the death of Cecchi, mourned in Italy.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19" /> Lee V. Cassanelli states:<ref name=":13" /><blockquote>"Geledi’s long-time allies the Wa'adan had apparently acted independently at Lafoole; and they had been assisted by a handful of warriors from the Murursade"</blockquote>Following the humiliating defeat of the Italian forces, commonly referred to as the 'Lafoole Massacre', 'Axad Shiikhi' (the Year of Cecchi) in local accounts and "] Part Two" in the Italian media - referring to the similar Italian defeat suffered in Ethiopia months prior at the hands of Menelik, also considered the first premodern victory of coloured natives over a white army, a subsequent series of retaliatory actions took place.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":13" /> Approximately five months after the Lafoole incident, Sorrentino, supported by reinforcements from two Eritrean companies, led an aggressive response against the Murusade and other tribes associated with the defeat at Lafoole. This retribution involved the destruction of Lafoole, the bombardment of the coastal village of ] from the sea, and subsequent assaults on several other villages connected to the ] and Murusade clans.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":13" /> The aftermath of these events significantly impacted Italian colonial ambitions, influencing both their morale and strategic objectives.<ref name=":13" /><blockquote>"It was the first colonial attempt to penetrate the interior with a military contingent, and it ended disastrously for the Italians.
	"</blockquote>

	As a consequence of the Lafole war and the decades-long Italian incursions into the Shabelle saw El Buur (a demonym for a large Italian centre for areas up to and including parts of Dusamareb and ElDheer) forming the first and largest district under the Webi Shebeli Regional Commission of the Benadir Colony since 1889,<ref>{{cite book\|last=Italiano\|first=Capriotti\|title=Notiziario dell'Africa italiana\|date=1939\|publisher=Capriotti\|page=11\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3s8mhZzYZsC&pg=PA11}}</ref> border groups of the Murusade also came into contact with the dervishes and the Hobyo Sultanate, allying with the former and opposing the latter.

	<blockquote>Members of the Bimal, Geledi, Hintera, Murosade and Abgal clans made the trek to the Nogal, the travellers were provided with some 80 guns and a message of encouragement to be given to Haji Abdi Abikar Gafle.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Cassanelli\|first=Lee\|title=The Benaadir Past Essays in Southern Somali History\|date=1973\|publisher=University of Wisconsin\|page=150\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JytqAAAAMAAJ&dq=80+guns&pg=PA206}}</ref></blockquote>

	<blockquote>The contact between the Mullist cause and the dissenting Bimal leaders and other Benadir clans more hostile to us worried not only the Italian colonial authorities, given that the possibility of an alliance in that direction would have inflamed the northern border of the Benadir colony, whose instability was also caused by the numerous clashes between the subjects of Obbia and the Habr Ghidr, Uasle and the Mursala. In this regard, Cerrina Feroni spared no harsh words on the work of the regent Cappello on the occasion of his last mission on the southern Somali coast, judged "unsatisfactory" and indeed such as to accutisize all existing disputes.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Nicolosi\|first=Gerardo\|title=Imperialismo e resistenza in corno d'Africa Mohammed Abdullah Hassan e il derviscismo somalo (1899-1920)\|date=2002\|publisher=Rubberttino\|page=172\|isbn=978-88-498-0384-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5Uz5uukdPIC&pg=PA172}}</ref></blockquote>

	The Murusade, in conjunction with a coalition formed by various clans, would go on to thwart Italian advancements into the inland areas of the inter-riverine region, effectively maintaining a line of defense for over two decades.<ref name=":24">{{Cite journal \|last=Mukhtar \|first=Mohamed Haji \|date=1996 \|title=The Plight of the Agro-Pastoral Society of Somalia \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4006344 \|journal=Review of African Political Economy \|volume=23 \|issue=70 \|pages=543–553 \|doi=10.1080/03056249608704222 \|jstor=4006344 \|issn=0305-6244}}</ref><ref name=":17" />

	=== Modern Period ===
	]

	==== Somali Republic ====
	In 1949, following the conclusion of the British military administration, ] transitioned into a ] trusteeship named the ] under Italian administration.

	This trusteeship lasted for a decade, spanning from 1950 to 1960, during which legislative elections occurred in 1956 and 1959. ] in the Trust Territory of Somaliland to select representatives for 35 municipalities.<ref name=":20">{{Cite book \|last1=Sternberger \|first1=Dolf \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlG9DwAAQBAJ&q=1978+Band+2+Afrika+Politische+Organisation+und+Repr%C3%A4sentation+in+Afrika \|title=Afrika: Politische Organisation und Repräsentation in Afrika \|last2=Vogel \|first2=Bernhard \|last3=Nohlen \|first3=Dieter \|last4=Landfried \|first4=Klaus \|date=2019-11-18 \|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG \|isbn=978-3-11-090480-2 \|language=de}}</ref> The Murusade community overwhelmingly backed the ], although some individuals were influenced by the SAU, who exploited the discord between the Murusade, ] and the ], with the ].<ref name=":21">{{Cite book \|last1=Coleman \|first1=James Smoot \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyOSzLfKMTQC&dq=murosada&pg=PA530 \|title=Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa \|last2=Rosberg \|first2=Carl G. \|date=1966 \|publisher=University of California Press \|language=en}}</ref>

	]

	Additionally, following the return of Italy to manage Somalia in 1950 leading to the prolification of clan based interests in the political scene, the Murusade established a local clan party, known as the "''Blocco Murusada''" (the Murusade bloc), a party that participated in Municipal elections and secured some electoral support. It would go on to last until the last elections of 1969, participating in the elections of March that year and headquartered in Gubta.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21" />

	==== Pre-Civil War ====

	===Somali Rebellion (1986-1991)===

	Following the ] in 1977, the popularity of Somalia's president ] began to diminish, leading to widespread discontent among his generals which resulted in an attempted ] on April 10, 1978, led by Colonel ] and 16 other men including one Murusade.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=2023-12-21 \|title=Military Coup Foiled, Somali Leader Reports \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/04/10/military-coup-foiled-somali-leader-reports/018bbfba-772e-41ff-9f5d-73280b75f6f4/ \|access-date=2024-06-01 \|newspaper=Washington Post \|language=en-US \|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book \|last=Ingiriis \|first=Mohamed Haji \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vzi6CwAAQBAJ \|title=The Suicidal State in Somalia: The Rise and Fall of the Siad Barre Regime, 1969–1991 \|date=2016-04-01 \|publisher=UPA \|isbn=978-0-7618-6720-3 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120503221634/http://www.wardheernews.com/Articles_2011/Oct/29_Brothers_in_Army_abdul.pdf

	{{Bare URL inline\|date=August 2024}}</ref> In an attempt to retain his authority, ] administration started to exhibit increasingly ] tendencies. Initially, the Murusade clan showed support for ] government due to the privileges they enjoyed, enabling their businesses to flourish and making the clan wealthier. The Murusade clan were referred to as privileged during this period.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Pelton \|first1=Robert Young \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVY1qg1hiNYC&q=murusade+siad+barre \|title=Fielding's the World's Most Dangerous Places \|last2=Aral \|first2=Coskun \|last3=Dulles \|first3=Wink \|date=1998 \|publisher=Fielding Worldwide \|isbn=978-1-56952-140-3 \|pages=433 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Drysdale \|first=John Gordon Stewart \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vw0OAQAAMAAJ&q=murusade+siad+barre \|title=The Battle for Mogadishu: Root-causes of the Conflict \|date=1992 \|publisher=Global-Stats \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Ed 2002 43rd \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR6ndpLqdjcC&q=murusade+siad+barre \|title=The Europa World Year Book 2003 \|date=2003 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-85743-197-1 \|language=en}}</ref> The Murusade clan held significant influence in key economic sectors, with a near monopoly over the country's fourth largest export.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Nations \|first=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-p1DwAAQBAJ&dq=Exports+of+hides+and+skins+were+a+significant+foreign+income+earner+before+the+civil+war+and+remain+an+important+source+today.+In+the+late+1980s%2C+annual+average+exports+were+about+%245.3+million%2C+making+hides+and+skins+the+fourth-largest+export+item.+In+the+last+decade%2C+they+averaged+about+%248.6-8.7+million+a+year+%28figure+5.12%29+but+represented+only+the+fifth-largest+export+category%2C+thanks+to+much+larger+exports+of+sesame+seeds+and+charcoal.&pg=PA71 \|title=Rebuillding resilient and sustainable agriculture in Somalia (Full report) \|date=2018-11-02 \|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. \|isbn=978-92-5-130419-8 \|language=en}}</ref> However, towards the end of the 1980s, the relationship between the Murusade clan and ] deteriorated due to heightened totalitarian violence by ] against the ].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://academic.oup.com/rsq/article/15/1/35/1580140\|access-date=2024-06-01 \|website=academic.oup.com}}</ref>

	At this critical juncture, ], apprehensive of a potential uprising from the Murusade clan, resorted to issuing threats in order to maintain control over them.<ref name=":22" /> <blockquote>"the Murusade and the Majeerteen clan members, ambitious as they were, deemed a danger to the security and safety of Siad Barre and had to be dispersed once and for all."</blockquote>

	Barre had started with targeting wealthy Murusade businessmen operating in ] right under the nose of President Daniel Arap Moi, a then-friend of Barre, who wished to see his Somali rivals extradited or deported, causing some businessmen to relocate to ] or hide in the countryside of ] and back into ] or ].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article/111/445/615/47296 \|access-date=2024-06-11 \|website=academic.oup.com}}</ref>

	<blockquote>Harassment and deportations of Somali businessmen had been occurring months before the screening, particularly targeting the Habr Gedir and Murusade clans of the Hawiye clan family as well as the Isaaq and Harti clan families. Businessmen were targeted for a number of reasons. As the screening continued, it became a tool for rivals seeking to settle disputes; there were rumours that the screening ended in part because it was threatening those close to the Kenyan Somali politicians in the office of the President.</blockquote>

	Another incident took place in July 1989, wherein ] dispatched notable Murusade businessmen to ] to witness the devastation he had inflicted upon its residents, serving as a thinly disguised warning to deter the Murusade from further challenging his authority.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Alasow \|first=Omar Abdulle \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfN5DwAAQBAJ&dq=murusade+mogadishu+business&pg=PA32 \|title=Violations of the Rules Applicable in Non-International Armed Conflicts and Their Possible Causes: The Case of Somalia \|date=2010-05-17 \|publisher=BRILL \|isbn=978-90-04-18988-1 \|pages=32 \|language=en}}</ref><blockquote>"In Mogadishu, the regime did not spare Isaaqs. On 15 July 1989, forty-seven Isaaq civilians in Mogadishu were taken from their homes to Jazira Beach west of the city and were summarily executed. 159 The execution was reportedly well- planned. For instance, after the regime's genocidal act against the Isaaq people Barre sent leading Hawiye businessmen to Hargeisa to observe its destruction, thereafter, reminding the Abgal and Murusade traders that Mogadishu was their goof and armed opposition against his regime meant that he was ready to destroy Mogadishu as well."</blockquote>Despite the ]s, however, by the late 1980s, the Murusade clan altered their position and aligned with the opposition. ], known as Ali Wardhigley, a member of the Murusade clan, former commissioner MP for Mogadishu and the only anti-Barre figure in Somalia since the first day of the October Revolution to not work under his auspices, Wardhigleh served on the committees of SODAF, SSDF and was later appointee of the Vice-Chairman of the ] from 1984 to 1987.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2023-03-08 \|title=Refworld {{!}} Somalia: Confirmation that Ali Mohamed Osoble was the Vice-President of the SNM until 1988 and also a founder of the USC in 1989 \|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6abf584.html \|access-date=2024-06-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308041203/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6abf584.html \|archive-date=2023-03-08 }}</ref> Subsequently, he founded the ] in ] on January 7, 1989, in response to severe actions taken against the ] by the government of ].<ref name=":17" /> In 1989 at the house of Ali Geedi Shadoor, a former member of the last civilian parliament, the ] deliberated and reached an agreement to divide power among the ]. The Murusade were to be responsible for ]. Between 1989 until his eventual ouster in 1991, ] initiated extensive crackdowns and utilized force against the ] in their regions in Southern and Central Somalia.<ref name=":22" />

	==== Civil War ====
	In January 1991, ] rebels emerged victorious over the Red Berets, who were ] specialized forces, resulting in the collapse of ] control over the government.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2014-07-04 \|title=Somalia - Government \|url=http://countrystudies.us/somalia/65.htm \|access-date=2024-06-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704043353/http://countrystudies.us/somalia/65.htm \|archive-date=2014-07-04 }}</ref> Despite this triumph, the ] was unsuccessful in negotiating a political agreement with other rebel factions such as the ], ], and the ].<ref>{{Cite book \|date=2015-04-15 \|title=The collapse of the Somali state: the impact of the colonial legacy - Cabdisalaam M. Ciisa-Salwe - Google 圖書 \|isbn=978-1-874209-91-1 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxMOAQAAMAAJ \|access-date=2024-06-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415055142/http://www.google.com/books?id=GxMOAQAAMAAJ \|archive-date=2015-04-15 \|last1=Ciisa-Salwe \|first1=Cabdisalaam M. }}</ref> Additionally, internal divisions arose within the ] leadership when ] was appointed interim President. Subsequently, the USC faction divided into two rival groups within the ] clan, one led by ], supported by the ]s, and the other by ], supported by the ].<ref name=":22" /> The USC originally agreed to grant the Murusade control over the seaport, with their hired clan militia band known as "Ashaamud". Other USC clans took possession of the airport, Villa Somalia and the city's entry zones.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Clarke\|first=Walter\|title=Somalia Background Information for Operation Restore Hope, 1992-93\|date=1992 \|page=35\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CTkOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA35}}</ref>

	Although the Murusade initially remained neutral during the first couple of months of the conflict, the clan acted as guarantors for non Hawiye politicians in Ali Mahdi's newly declared government in Hotel Weheliye, guarded with tanks according to Abdi Farah Juha's interview with senators from Puntland, however not long after, a section of the Murusade in Mogadishu were drawn into the conflict following a sudden assault or ambush by ] forces on the green line area dividing the SNA and the SSA zones, an area dominated by the Murusade in January 1992, resulting in the loss of numerous innocent lives, looted wealth and properties. According to Robert Oakley, the last US Ambassador to Somalia, the Murusade who inhabited the green line and elswhere in the town, suffered heavily from shelling directed from the Abgaal and the Habr Gedir at each other on either sides of the line.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Oakley\|first=Robert\|title=Somalia and Operation Restore Hope Reflections on Peacemaking and Peacekeeping\|date=1995\|publisher=US Institute of Peace\|page=61\|url=https://postimg.cc/mczWLsqv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-A0AQAAIAAJ&q=murusade+siad+barre \|title=Country Report: Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti \|date=1992 \|publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Canada \|first=Immigration and Refugee Board of \|date=1994-03-02 \|title=Information on the status of relations between the Murusade (sub-clan of Hawiye) and the other Hawiye sub-clans, especially the Habr Gedir, in areas where the Murusade reside \|url=https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/1356225.html \|access-date=2024-06-01 \|website=www.ecoi.net \|language=en}}</ref> The ] Militia, following Aideed, who accused the Murusade of arming the Abgaal, discovered substantial amounts of money hidden in boxes and cartons within Murusade businesses, prompting them and other Somali clans to adopt the pejorative tribal slang ']i' to refer to the Murusade in reference to the affluent ] nation attacked for their oil during the Gulf War a few years prior. A famous shirib that quotes this incident is recited "''Maal jeclaa oo maar necebaa ma Kuwayd baa''".

	Following the attacks, the Murusade clan entered the war in a prolonged tit-for-tat with Aideed's SNA, targeting his compounds and bases until 1994 before politically aligning closer with ]. However, later disagreements with the ], lead to confrontations between the two clans in October 1994. Hostilities in a number of locations continued sporadically into September 1995 spilling into the famous Bermuda central district of ], an ungovernable and distinct area of the city outside the realms of ] and ], in which the ] and Murusade frequently tussled and fought over despite the unity prior to this under the command of Colonel Ismail Yassin<ref>{{cite book\|last=Porzio\|first=Giovanni\|title=Inferno Somalia quando muore la speranza\|date=1993\|publisher=Mursia\|page=41\|isbn=978-88-425-1556-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hAoOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Ismail+Yasin&pg=PA41}}</ref> (the Habr Eno Militia leader) to successfully prevent Aideed's allied SNA incursions into Bermuda, strategically located at the heart of the city overseeing the seaport and airport. The Abgaal fighting the Murusade was eventually settled in 1995 when the two clans brokered a ]. This was also immmortalised in the documentary film "Bermuda Road Warriors of Mogadishu" aired on TV in the 1990s.

	Though numerous ceasefires and settlement negotiations of returned properties took place between the Abgaal, Hawadle, Habr Gedir and Murusade from 1992 to 1995,<ref>{{cite book\|last=Nations\|first=United\|title=The United Nations Blue Books Series Volume 8 1996\|date=1996\|publisher=Department of Public Information\|page=459\|isbn=978-92-1-100566-0 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2wqAQAAMAAJ&dq=murusade&pg=PA431}}</ref> the interference of the UN/US peacekeeping mission jockeying between the clans' political and territorial disputes forced the Murusade to regularly retaliate in their own fashion, shooting at their rivals commercial ships approaching Mogadishu Port in order to keep prices artificially high for the food that was in the market, they also blocked convoys going from Mogadishu to contested areas.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Prendergast\|first=John\|title=The Gun Talks Louder Than the Voice, Somalia's Continuing Cycles of Violence\|date=1994\|publisher=Centre of Concern\|page=45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1T40AQAAIAAJ&dq=Baidoa&pg=PA35}}</ref>

	<blockquote>However, the Murusade were excluded from a March 1992 UN ceasefire, which led to much discontent within the clan. As a measure of retaliation against the United Nations, who had negotiated the ceasefire, the Murusade militia forced the first UN ship that tried to land in Mogadishu back to Mombasa.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Net\|first=Ecoi\|title=Information on the status of relations between the Murusade (sub-clan of Hawiye) and the other Hawiye sub-clans, especially the Habr Gedir, in areas where the Murusade reside \|date=1994\|publisher=IRB\|page=1\|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1356225.html}}</ref></blockquote>

	Long time Horn of African analyst Matt Bryden, echoes a similar sentiment commenting on the Mogadishu Civil War, "The Murosade are central to the Muqdisho problem and there is no solution possible without them. The Murosade remain a vital third force in Muqdisho, whose mass has the potential to shift the political and military balance one way or another".<ref>{{cite book\|last=Bryden\|first=Matt\|title=Update on Situation in Muqdisho\|date=1995\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania\|page=1\|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/Magdish.html}}</ref>

	Other isolated conflicts surrounding the El Bur and El Dher districts of Galgaduud had also occurred sporadically in this period with the clan defending its territories against their mainly Hawiye neighbours of the Habr Gedir, Abgaal, Hawadle and Duduble.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Ed 2002 43rd \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR6ndpLqdjcC&q=murusade+siad+barre \|title=The Europa World Year Book 2003 \|date=2003 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-85743-197-1 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qu0PAQAAMAAJ&q=somali+civil+war+murusade \|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin \|date=1994 \|publisher=Life & Peace Institute \|language=en}}</ref>

	=== Post Civil War ===

	Since 2000 at the start of the 21st century where ] slowly began to recover with the establishment of transitional institutions and governing systems supported by ], the Murusade had maintained some degree of prominence in the differing fields of all things Somali. ], a well loved peacemaker from this clan was instrumental in establishing the Centre for Dialogue and Research (CRD), a think tank that saw workshops focusing on peace, development and NGO activity. The archaic warlords of the 90s had simmered down following the death of Aideed, with his one-time comrade ] who defected to the SNA to become Aidid's deputy in 1994 before embarking on a major trajectory, serving not only as the last chairman of the USC but also led the warlord alliance under the names of G8 and the ] (ARPCT). ] negotiated governing frameworks with then President ], with a fruitful succession of governments elected till today. Following the rise of the ] however, some lineages of the Murusade, radicalised by the events that saw the dissolution of the ] at the hands of the ] and ], particularly in the central regions, have kept a long allegiance with ], in opposition to ], ] and the rival Sufi paramilitary self titled the ].

	Though not currently backed with high level state regional interests, the Murusade are prominent in ] politics with members in ], ] and ]. The Murusade politicians are also a regular feature in the presidential elections, having participated from 2004 to 2026 with a position in the top four candidates.

	== Leaders and Traditions ==

	]

	Current ] (Habar Maxamed): Sultan Haji Hassan Ahmed Sabriye "Gardheer"<ref name=":25">https://www.hiiraan.com/PDF_files/Magacyada_O_DH_Final.pdf
	{{Bare URL inline\|date=August 2024}}</ref>

	Current ] (Habar Cayno): Ugaas Abdullahi Ugaas Haashi Ugaas Faracadde<ref name=":25" />

	Current Isloow (Habar Idinle): Islow Socdaal Islow Abtidoon Islow Geedi

	Current Nabadoon (]): Nabadoon Iimaan Nabadoon Dilaxoow Nabadoon Jimcaale Nabadoon Gacal

	According to author ] (Aroma), in his book ''Taangiga Tigreega'', the first Ugaas of the clan 300 years ago was Shiikh Xabbad Yabaroow, of the Habar Cayno subclan, who established his leadership by fighting in the overthrow of the ] according to some, "with weapons and bees". The Ugaas established a new division of labour for the 7 tribal lineages of the clan with each lineage given a part of the Qur'an to recite in commemoration of this new society. Hence, the Habar Maxamad who are the eldest, were granted the military class. The Habar Cayno, son of an Abgaal chieftainess, remained the longest elected and current traditional class. While the Majabe ] were granted the wealth and political power, the ] were pledged to become the educated and religious leaders of the clan. The Ugaas also coined the '''Saddex iyo Sagaal''' as an internal blood-money paying structure which was eventually adopted as a nickname. Thus the Murusade remained united upon these systems for generations.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Maxamuud \|first=Cabdulqaadir Cusmaan \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5rT3SAAACAAJ \|title=Taangiga Tigreega: xasuuqa shacabka waa xisaab qoran \|date=2008 \|publisher=Aroma Publications \|language=so}}</ref>

	It was said when the Murusade went to War, they would use the 'three and nine' strategy to suss out non-clansmen. After they had gained a notoriety for ambushing and avenging against their enemies under the covers of darkness, they earned a place in ] - known as Qori ismaris (he who rubs a stick), the Murusade were likened to wild predators (Afarqooble) who could shapeshift into humans at night. A common occurrence of these conflicts happened in Wardhiigley (the valley of blood) district of Mogadishu. Prior to being renamed ] (the valley of peace) by President ], the area was a traditional battle ground between forces of the Abgaal and the Murusade for many generations, with various lines of poetry recited to remember the many victories and losses incurred. In Enrico Cerulli's study on the vaunts of subclans in southern Somalia, he mentions the following passage drawn from lines of local poetry;<ref name=":26" /><blockquote>“The wild beasts appeared and the Murúsada flung themselves upon them”</blockquote>The verse refers to the widespread belief that the Murúsada were werewolves; and thus here they seem to have stolen the ferocity of the wild beasts.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Somaliprodigy \|date=2024-02-17 \|title=History and Ethnography of the Hawiye clan family \|url=https://medium.com/@somaliprodigy/general-history-and-ethnography-of-the-hawiye-82f437d4af5e \|access-date=2024-06-11 \|website=Medium \|language=en}}</ref>

	Besides the mercantilism long practised as a trade and a skill, the Murusade are also known as equestrians who breed fine-quality horses<ref>{{cite book\|last=Caroselli\|first=Franco\|title=Museo della Garesa Catalogo\|date=1934\|publisher=Regio Governo della Somalia\|page=564\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgi-9pl14uAC&dq=H%C3%A0kama&pg=PA88}}</ref> in the ] region, especially in ], whose horses were employed in the Custodial Corps and the National Police Force. Though horses were only kept on certain occasions such as in times of war, business, festivals etc and not in general times of peace due to its inconvenience to camels and travel expenses, a fair number are wild horses who aren't captive or domesticated, free to roam the countryside most of the year, similar to the feral horses of ] of ancient Karanle settlement. The town of Derri in ], which homes some of the largest herd of horses in Somalia, was twin-named after the ancient Derri of ] region, a strategic fort town surrounded by the horses of ] mountains used in the times of Imam ].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Vigano\|first=Marco\|title=The Kundudo, Deri, Dire Dawa and ancient Hararge forts\|date=2018\|publisher=Napoli Orientale University\|page=1\|url=https://www.ilcornodafrica.it/ten-forts-in-addis-and-six-in-hararge-of-advanced-military-might-on-the-emplacement-of-barara-capital/}}</ref> The long Karanle tradition of horses and affinity for ancient wealth in horses and camels can still be reflected in the clan's current interests in the Capital owning and supplying some of the countries top private airports, malls, hotels, automotives (Fiat) and storage facilities, making them one of, if not the most prosperous subclan in Somalia.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Dool\|first=Abdullahi\|title=Soomaaliya Maxay Kala tirsaneysaa Maryooley?\|date=1995\|publisher=Horn Heritage\|page=147\|isbn=978-0-9525241-1-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzjuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Xiirey+Qaasim&pg=PA147}}</ref>

	== Distribution ==
	The Murusade clan predominantly resides in the central and southern regions of ] particularly in ] and ] which fall under the ] state of ], in addition to ], ] and ], as well as to varying extents in ] and ].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">International organisation for immigration in Somali: Community Stabilization Index Lower Shabelle – January 2022 https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323074347/https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf\|date=2023-03-23}}</ref><ref name=":4">COMMUNITY STABILIZATION INDEX LOWER SHABELLE-QORYOOLEY JANUARY 2022

	International Organisation For Migration https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Qoryooley.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323074446/https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Qoryooley.pdf \|date=2023-03-23 }}</ref><ref name=":5">https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation_new_AC.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309234936/https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation_new_AC.pdf \|date=2024-03-09 }}

	Title: EASO COI Report Somalia Security 2021

	Author: EASO</ref>

	Within ], the Murusade primarily inhabit the central ] and ] districts which are two of the five districts in the region, constituting the majority.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0ziGwAACAAJ \|title=Censimento della popolazione Somala, 21 Aprile 1931: estratto dal "VII censiemento generale delle popolazione, 21 aprile 1931, Vol. V. Colonie e Possedimenti, dell'istituto Centrale di Statistica del Regno d'italia, Tipografia I. Failli, Rome 1935 \|date=1953 \|publisher=Amministrazione Fiduciaria Italiana della Somalia, Ufficio Studi e Statistica Statistica \|language=it \|access-date=2024-05-09 \|archive-date=2024-05-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522140702/https://books.google.com/books?id=x0ziGwAACAAJ \|url-status=live }}</ref> They are also present in the adjacent ] district, comprising the predominant population in the northeastern sector of the district, extending down from ] through the inland areas, including towns such as Bargaan, and proceeding southward towards the coastline of the ].<ref name=":5" /> Furthermore, the Murusade also inhabit the neighbouring ] region, particularly ] and ].<ref name=":11">{{cite book \|last=Lewis \|first=I.M. \|url=https://ibb.co/1dXYN5y \|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa (Somali, Afar and Saho) North Eastern Africa \|date=1969 \|publisher=Taylor & Smith \|page=33 \|access-date=2023-04-14 \|archive-date=2023-04-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414233014/https://ibb.co/1dXYN5y \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Puccioni \|first=Mello \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F0S0AEACAAJ \|title=Appunti, sulla distribuzione Géografica della popolazini della Somalia. (Bullettin della R. S. G. Italiana, mars-avril, 1919, p. 149-159), avec une bibliographie et une carte hors texte \|date=1919 \|pages=154 \|language=it \|access-date=2024-05-09 \|archive-date=2024-05-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522140714/https://books.google.com/books?id=8F0S0AEACAAJ \|url-status=live }}</ref>] including the Murusade\|324x324px]]

	In ], the Murusade are predominantly clustered around the national capital ] also, forming some of the earliest inhabitants of the city.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Giuseppe \|first=Caniglia \|date=1921 \|chapter=LE ORIGINI PROBABILI E LE VICENDE STQRICHE ACCERTATE DELLA CITTÀ DI MQGADISCIO \|title=Genti di Somalia \|url=https://d-nb.info/579288587/04 \|publisher=M. Rieger'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung \|pages=2 \|access-date=2024-03-03 \|archive-date=2024-03-03 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303181037/https://d-nb.info/579288587/04 \|url-status=live }}</ref> They mainly inhabit the districts of ], ], ] and ] but can also be found in other districts.<ref>Finnish Immigration Services

	Somalia: Fact-Finding Mission to Mogadishu in March 2020 – Security situation and humanitarian conditions in Mogadishu

	https://migri.fi/documents/5202425/5914056/Somalia+Fact-Finding+Mission+to+Mogadishu+in+March+2020.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005224454/https://migri.fi/documents/5202425/5914056/Somalia+Fact-Finding+Mission+to+Mogadishu+in+March+2020.pdf \|date=2022-10-05 }}

	Page 7</ref> The Murusade clan has established itself as a prominent force in these regions, transforming them into crucial centers that serve as epicenters of activity for a sizable community.<ref name=":5" /> This community is deeply engaged in the process of molding and influencing the social, economic, and political fabric of the city.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Alasow \|first=Omar Abdulle \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfN5DwAAQBAJ&dq=murusade+businesses+in+mogadishu&pg=PA32 \|title=Violations of the Rules Applicable in Non-International Armed Conflicts and Their Possible Causes: The Case of Somalia \|date=2010-05-17 \|publisher=BRILL \|isbn=978-90-04-18988-1 \|language=en \|access-date=2024-05-09 \|archive-date=2024-05-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522140705/https://books.google.com/books?id=TfN5DwAAQBAJ&dq=murusade+businesses+in+mogadishu&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q=murusade%20businesses%20in%20mogadishu&f=false \|url-status=live }}</ref> Through their active involvement, the Murusade clan has played a pivotal role in nurturing the advancement and progress of Mogadishu, making it an even more vibrant and dynamic metropolis.<ref>https://moct.gov.so/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Eastern-Africa-Regional-Digital-Integration-Project-EA-RDIP-Security-Assessment-and-Management-Framework-08.02.23-KH-reviewENVRSA-1.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214162127/https://moct.gov.so/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Eastern-Africa-Regional-Digital-Integration-Project-EA-RDIP-Security-Assessment-and-Management-Framework-08.02.23-KH-reviewENVRSA-1.pdf \|date=2023-12-14 }}

	FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF SOMALIA

	MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY (MoCT) COUNTRYWIDE SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT (SRA) AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (SRAMF)

	SEPTEMBER 2023</ref>

	In ], their communities can be found stretching down from the ] district in ] along the coast, most notably in ],<ref name=":0" /> ], ], and ], among others.<ref name=":7">EU-Programme, African Land Policy: Lower Shabelle Report

	https://www.africalandpolicy.org/eu-programme/sites/default/files/Somalia_Lower%20Shabele%20report_final.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303181038/https://www.africalandpolicy.org/eu-programme/sites/default/files/Somalia_Lower%20Shabele%20report_final.pdf \|date=2024-03-03 }}

	Page 19</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />

	] (1995) states about the Murusade presence in ]:<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lewis \|first=I.M \|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa \|publisher=International African Institute \|year=1995 \|isbn=9781569021057}}</ref><blockquote>The Murosade, who have become detached in the process of tribal movement, are found in small groups in the region of Merca and, in a larger body, below the Shebelle around Afgoi. They are essentially pastoralists although they practise some cultivation, and in the Merca region are engaged in the caravan trade.</blockquote>

	== Branches ==
	]
	The Murusade component clans are divided into two main surviving branches, the ] and the Foor'ulus. The following listing is a ] of the Murusade clan, starting with ], the ancestor and forefather of the ]. However, some lineages are omitted.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book \|url=http://archive.org/details/InOrderToHopeForTheHistoryOfSomalia \|title=In Order To Hope For The History Of Somalia بغية الآمال في تاريخ الصومال للشريف عيدروس \|language=Arabic}}</ref>
	{{Tree list}}]
	**Irir
	***] (])
	****]
	*****Gidir Karanle
	*****Sexawle Karanle
	*****Karaiye Karanle
	*****'''Mursal Karanle (Murusade)'''
	******Khalibar
	*******Wacayle
	********Makahan
	*********Garfuul
	**********Himyar
	***********Haylah
	************Warwaaq
	*************Jiilaal
	**************Wacsalah
	***************]
	****************Majabe Sabti
	*****************]
	******************Israfiil Abakar
	*******************Hasanle
	********************Mohammed Mahmuud
	********************Carif Mahmuud
	********************Omar Mahmuud
	********************Siicow Mahamuud
	*******************Gabood
	********************Abu Bakar Wasuge
	*********************Mahamuud Abakar
	*********************Ahmed Gaab
	*********************Jim'ale
	********************Mahamuud Wasuge
	********************Mataan Wasuge
	********************Gurey
	*********************Hassan Gurey
	*******************Dhaleey
	********************Adam Cigalle
	********************Mahmuud Wehiliye
	********************Ali Abdalle Dhaleey
	******************Codweyne Abakar
	*******************Hussein Coodweyne
	********************Dhilaay (Muuse)
	********************Muusetuur (Axmed)
	********************Najac Kaboole
	*********************Mahamuud
	*********************Ali
	********************Mohammed Hassan
	*******************Mahamuud
	********************Hashane
	*********************Mohammed Cigalle (Dhagaweyne)
	**********************Osman
	**********************Jibriil
	**********************Mahamuud
	**********************Ahmed
	**********************Ali
	**********************Omar
	**********************Amanle
	**********************Saldhale
	**********************Jim'ale
	*********************Adam Cigalle
	**********************Basoy Aadan
	**********************Jale Aadan
	**********************Samatar Aadan
	**********************Jabiiq Aadan
	*********************Amaanle
	********************Ibrahim
	*********************Gondaale
	*********************Dirir
	******************Saeed
	*******************Tuurweyne Saeed
	*******************Abdirahmaan Saeed
	*******************Aadan Saeed
	*******************Rooble Saeed
	*****************Habar Idinle
	******************Ayansame
	*******************Hassan
	********************Dumaal
	*********************Muhammed Ali
	*********************Ahmed Ibrahim
	*******************Hussein
	********************Hassan Gadaf
	*********************Adan Sultan
	**********************Abdullahi Adan Sultan
	**********************Cadow Adan
	**********************Musa Adan
	******************Gumacade
	****************Ibrahim Sabti
	****************]
	*****************Absuge
	******************Mohammed Yar
	*******************Adan gaab
	*******************Hassan caad
	*******************Abu-bakr Mohammed
	******************Mahamuud Faqaay
	*******************Ahmed Musa
	*******************Osman Musa
	********************Isse Osman
	********************Roble Osman
	*******************Ali Musa
	*******************Hagaleey
	*****************Ilkaguduud
	******************Hassan
	******************Caraale
	******************Hareed
	***************Foorculus
	****************Habar Mohamed
	*****************Mohammed Foorculus(Hilibi, ])
	******************Qanyare Ishijwaaq
	*******************Tolweyne Qanyare
	********************Mahamed Wehiliye
	********************Abakar
	*********************Xuursho Abakar
	**********************Ali xurshoow
	***********************Maxamed faqay
	***********************Xalane Faqay
	***********************Cumar Faqay
	***********************Abdi Faqay
	**********************Cabdulle xurshoow
	**********************ismaan xurshoow
	*********************Hassan Abakar
	*********************Gaab Abakar
	********************Ali Omar
	********************Saaberey
	********************Mataan Ali
	*******************Yabar Qanyare
	********************Cigalle
	********************Ali
	********************Aden
	********************Reer Farah
	******************Hassan Ishijwaaq
	*******************Ciligaab
	*******************Cisman Mahamed
	********************Hassan Adde
	*******************Ahaalow
	******************Omar Ishijwaaq
	*******************Ma'alin Cigalle
	*******************Abdalla Cigalle
	*******************Mataan Cigalle
	*******************Hassan Cigalle
	*****************Ahmed Mohammed (Daguuro, ]
	******************Bah Maqafaad
	*******************Faqay
	*******************Isse
	*******************Hassan
	******************Bah Muse
	*******************Da'ale
	*******************Afeey
	*******************Geedow
	******************Bah Roon
	*******************Osman
	*******************Duje
	*******************Abdi Dhagey
	*******************Arablawe
	****************Habar Ceyno (Abakar, ])
	*****************Mahadle
	*****************Mahammed
	******************Sharey
	*****************Yebedhaalo
	*****************Ogoliye
	******************Cindif
	******************Yirird
	*****************Tashiil
	******************Ali
	*******************Tolweyne Ali
	********************Omar Faqi Hassan
	********************Aalim Reer Ugaas
	*******************yabar Ali
	*******************Omar Ali
	********************Adan
	********************Shareey
	********************Ali
	*******************Ali
	********************Gadafley
	********************Khilaaf
	*********************Ahmed
	*********************Idris
	*********************Aflah
	******************Irba
	*******************Abdalla Irba
	********************Idriis Irba
	********************Jimcaale Cariif
	********************Saleebaan Irba
	********************Huud Irba
	*******************Habar yaabiye
	********************Jibraael
	********************Qardabo
	{{tree list/end}}
	<ref>https://drive.google.com/file/d/19xmfPnfBcM49h0IL8wYswUbObgpKMzCl/view?usp=sharing</ref>

	== Notable people ==

	*]: former prime minister of Somalia and Presidential candidate.
	*Ali Gacal Asir speaker of Parliament Galmudug
	* ]: former faction leader, Politician and Businessman. (Deceased)
	* ]: Deputy Leader of the ]
	* ]: former general and politician. Served as ] and was one of the 25 member executive ] that governed the ].(Deceased)
	* ]: Current minister of Constitution and Justice. Chairman of ] party.
	* ]: Member of parliament, Co-founder of the ] and vice-chairman of the ]. (Deceased)
	* ]: a peace activist known for his work through his own Centre for Research and Dialogue.
	* Omar Shaaweeye; Mayor of Mogadishu 2001-2006
	* ]: politician and journalist. worked for the BBC, VOA and Al Jazeera English. Former Minister of Planning and International Cooperation and former Senior Advisor to the President of Somalia.
	* Ibrahim Omar Mahadale: Former deputy governor of ], Current member of parliament.
	* Ahmed Mohamud Yusuf Chairman: & CEO of ], winner of the CEO of the Year Award at the World Communications Award.
	* ]: Prominent politician and businessman, served as governor and district commissioner in several regions and as Minister of Housing and Urban Development. (Deceased)
	* Elian Yahye: Somali Dutch activist and Netherland youth representative for the ].
	* ]: 19th Century Poet and Sheikh.
	* ]: former chairman of ] paramilitary, son of a famous scholar in central Somalia (Deceased)
	* ]: First and current chairman of the elders council of the ] ] family formed to represent the ] clan and advocate for their interests.
	* ]: Spokesman and Deputy leader of ].
	* ]: former politician and minister of fishery and marine resources.
	* General Elmi Nuur: Decorated Military general and one of the founding fathers of the ].
	* Mariam Arif Gassim: Former Member of parliament, Former Chair of the Constitution Review Committee of the Federal Parliament of Somalia and credited author of Somali history.
	* Abdulkadir Jubba: Waaberi Band Singer.
	* Hanuuniye: Waaberi Band and Civil War Singer.
	* Farhiya Kabayare: Singer.
	* Farhiya Fiska: Singer.

	== References ==
	{{Reflist}}

	]
	]

Revision as of 05:53, 9 December 2024

Somali clan family

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بنو مرسل Murusade
Hawiye Somali clan

Ethnicity	Somali
Nisba	Adari
Location	Somalia Ethiopia Yemen
Descended From	Sheikh Ahmed Bin Abdulrahman Bin Uthman
Parent tribe	Karanle
Branches	Sabti: Abu Bakr Sabti Abdalla Sabti Idinle Sabti Ibrahim Sabti Foorculus: Mohamed Foorculus Ahmed Foorculus Ebakar Foolculus
Language	Somali Arabic
Religion	Sunni Islam

Somali clans

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The Murusade, (Somali: Murursade, Mursal; Arabic: مرسذه ,مرسل) also contemporarily known as Mursal, are a Somali sub-clan, part of the Karanle branch of the larger Hawiye clan. They primarily reside in the central regions of Somalia, particularly in the Galgaduud, Lower Shabelle, Middle Shabelle and Banaadir regions.

The Mursal traditionally consist of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchants and farmers. They are also one of the earliest inhabitants of Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia.

Origins and Etymology

The Murusade are a prominent sub-clan among the larger Karanle Hawiye clan family. Hawiye trace their lineage back to Irir, one of the sons of Samaale. Consequently, the Murusade share close kinship ties with other Samaale clans.

The Murusade are part of the Karanle clan family, which consists of various sub-clans, including the Gidir, Kariye, Sixawle and the Murusade themselves. Murusade, youngest son of Karan, shares the same mother as Sixawle and their sister Faduma. Gidir and Kaariye were born from another mother.

The Karanle clan, to which the Murusade belongs, was historically involved in combating foreign invaders in the Greater Somalia region as these two nations historically shared an extensive border.

{{Blockquote|text="Gum, myrrh, ostrich feathers, ivory, incense abound in Karanle; they don't grow the coffee they get from the Galla. They have camels, cattle, sheep and horses in fair quantities....They alone, led by Omar-Abdi, had the courage to face the 15 thousand Amhara raiders in the Ogaden."}

"Galgaduud | European Union Agency for Asylum". euaa.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
^ "EASO Country of Origin Information report. South and Central Somalia Country overview". Refworld. pp. 52–53. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
International organisation for immigration in Somali: Community Stabilization Index Lower Shabelle – January 2022 https://somalia.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1041/files/documents/COSI_Lower%20Shabelle_Location_Report_Afgooye.pdf Archived 2023-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf p:103
"Maggiore, Corpo Di Stato". Tipografia Regionale. 1938. p. 40. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
Abbink, Gerrit Jan; Bruijn, Mirjam De; Walraven, Klaas Van (2003). Rethinking Resistance: Revolt and Violence in African History. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-12624-4.
Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995). The Invention of Somalia. The Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-0-932415-99-8. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
"(PDF) Karanle Hawiye Irir Samaale Hiil Abroone Sixawleftpmirror.your.org/pub/wikimedia/images/wikipedia/so/b/b...Taacuud Faasi Axmed Makki Garaad Kaamil Aw Qariib Afxaaj Laagsuge Buraale". dokumen.tips (in Somali). Archived from the original on 2024-03-03. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
Jama, Hassan Ali (2005). Who Cares about Somalia: Hassan's Ordeal ; Reflections on a Nation's Future. Verlag Hans Schiler. ISBN 978-3-89930-075-8.
Abbink, J. (1999). The Total Somali Clan Genealogy: A Preliminary Sketch. African Studies Centre.
^ Atti (in Italian). 1894. p. 362.