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Killing of Brian Thompson
Still image from CCTV footage around the time that the first shot is fired
Location of the killing
Location	Outside the New York Hilton Midtown in New York City, U.S.
Coordinates	40°45′45″N 73°58′47″W / 40.7625°N 73.9798°W / 40.7625; -73.9798
Date	December 4, 2024; 24 days ago (2024-12-04) 6:45 am (EST)
Target	Brian Thompson
Attack type	Shooting
Weapon	Suppressed 3D printed 9×19mm pistol
Motive	Unknown; possible retaliation against Thompson, UnitedHealthcare, and the U.S. health insurance industry
Accused	Luigi Mangione
Charges	Second-degree murder, carrying a gun without a license, forgery, false identification to law enforcement, possession of an instrument of crime

Brian Thompson, CEO of UnitedHealthcare since 2021, was shot and killed outside an entrance to the New York Hilton Midtown in Manhattan, New York City on December 4, 2024. He was in the city to attend an annual investors meeting for UnitedHealth Group, the parent company of UnitedHealthcare. Authorities believe the attack was not random and are investigating it as an assassination. Thompson had been criticized for UnitedHealthcare's rejection of insurance claims, and his family reported that he had received death threats in the past. The shooting occurred early in the morning, and the suspect, initially described as a white man wearing a mask, fled the scene.

The killing drew condemnation and elicited public and official sympathy for Thompson, but Thompson's death also received reactions of contempt and mockery from many social media users towards him and UnitedHealth Group. More broadly, many Americans criticized the U.S. healthcare system. The killing has been characterized by many social media users as deserved or justified; these attitudes relate to anger over UnitedHealth's business practices and those of the United States health insurance industry at large – primarily their strategies to deny coverage to clients. In particular, Thompson's death was compared to the harm or death experienced by clients who were denied healthcare. The killing also drew condemnation and elicited public and official sympathy for Thompson. Thompson's family became the subject of harassment and stalking after his death on various social media websites, and faced doxxing and violent threats.

Luigi Nicholas Mangione, age 26, was arrested in Altoona, Pennsylvania, on December 9, and charged with Thompson's murder in a Manhattan court the same day. Authorities say Mangione was carrying a manifesto, multiple fraudulent IDs, a U.S. passport, a 3D printed gun, and a 3D printed suppressor consistent with those used in the attack. According to a local senior police officer, the manifesto criticizes healthcare companies for prioritizing profits over patient care. The full text of the manifesto was later published.

Background

Thompson and UnitedHealthcare

Thompson was the chief executive officer (CEO) of UnitedHealthcare, the insurance arm of UnitedHealth Group, from April 2021 until his death. His widow, Paulette, told NBC News that her husband received threats related to a "lack of coverage".

UnitedHealthcare insures 49 million Americans and had $281 billion in revenue for the 2023 fiscal year. In 2021, Thompson was criticized in an open letter from the American Hospital Association due to a UnitedHealthcare plan to start denying payment for what it deemed as non-critical visits to hospital emergency rooms. UnitedHealthcare has been widely criticized for its handling of claims. It and other insurers were named in an October 2024 report from the United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations showing a surge in prior authorization denials for Medicare Advantage patients. Additionally under Thompson's leadership, UnitedHealthcare began using artificial intelligence (AI) to automate claim denials, resulting in patients being unable to access needed medical care. Between 2020 and 2022, the rate at which post-acute care claims were denied more than doubled. A class action suit filed against UnitedHealth Group in November 2023 alleged the company knowingly employed an AI model that had a 90% error rate. In September 2024, a demonstration was held outside of UnitedHealth Group subsidiary and pharmacy services provider Optum's headquarters in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, with protestors claiming Optum's business practices inflate medicine costs and force independent pharmacies out of business.

Suspected assailant's preparations

The suspect arrived in New York City on November 24 on a Greyhound bus. The bus route began in Atlanta, Georgia, but authorities do not know from which city or town he boarded. He checked into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan on November 24 with a fake New Jersey identification card and paid in cash. He stayed all but one night of the 10 days he was in New York City at the hostel, checking out on December 3.

Killing

Thompson was in New York City for an annual UnitedHealth Group investors meeting, having arrived in the city on December 2. On December 4, 2024, at around 6:45 a.m. EST, Thompson was walking along West 54th Street toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel that was hosting the meeting. The assailant, dressed in a light-brown or cream-colored hoodie waited across the street from the hotel for several minutes, then crossed over when he saw Thompson. Standing approximately 20 feet (6 m) away from Thompson when he arrived at the entrance, the assailant fired at him from a suppressed 9 mm pistol at least twice, striking him in the back and right calf.

In the closed-circuit television camera recording of the killing, the shooter appears to manually cycle the action after each shot, which caused observers to believe that his weapon was a malfunctioning semi-automatic pistol. On December 9, state police discovered a 3D printed pistol and 3D printed silencer in Mangione's bag that were reportedly consistent with the weapon observed in the video.

The killer fled the scene on an e-bike. According to the police, he left the city via the George Washington Bridge Bus Station. Thompson was taken to Mount Sinai West hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:12 a.m.

Timeline

Investigation

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Both the New York City Police Department and New York City mayor Eric Adams stated on the day of the killing that it appeared to be targeted and was not a random attack.

On-site evidence collected by the police

Three fired cartridge cases alongside three unfired cartridges were found at the scene. The words "delay", "deny", and "depose" were written on the cases. "Depose" was inscribed on a casing from a round fired into Thompson, while "delay" was marked on an unfired cartridge ejected as the shooter racked the pistol, possibly to clear a jam or intentionally discard the live round. As the three words are similar to the phrase "delay, deny, defend", that is well-known in the insurance industry and is about not paying out claims, police were investigating whether the words suggest a motive. Delay, Deny, Defend is a 2010 book by Jay M. Feinman, a retired Rutgers Law School professor, in which he critiques the property and casualty insurance industry.

Apart from the ammunition casings, a water bottle, candy wrapper, and a phone believed to be connected to the shooter were also recovered from the scene. On December 6, police said they found the shooter's backpack in Central Park. It contained a Tommy Hilfiger jacket and Monopoly money.

Search for the suspect

On December 4, the New York City Police Department offered up to $10,000 for information on the shooter. On December 5, authorities released images of a suspect taken from surveillance cameras at the hostel and a Starbucks café. Two stills show the suspect's face including one with him smiling widely at a female desk attendant at the hostel, reportedly taking his mask off after flirting with the attendant. In addition to the $10,000 reward offered by the NYPD, the FBI joined the investigation and has offered up to $50,000 reward for information leading to arrest and conviction.

He was described by police as a white man, approximately 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) tall, wearing a light brown or cream-colored hooded jacket, dark pants, and black sneakers with white soles. He had a gray backpack and concealed his face with a black face mask. Police said he appeared to be proficient in the use of firearms. The suspect was described as being "extremely camera savvy."

Suspect

Arrest

On Monday, December 9, in Altoona, Pennsylvania, Luigi Mangione was arrested at a McDonald's restaurant by local police, reportedly after a McDonald's employee who recognized him from images released by the NYPD the previous week called the police. Altoona, Pennsylvania, is about 280 miles (450 km) west of New York City.

Mangione was reportedly carrying a 3D printed gun and 3D printed suppressor similar to the one used in the shooting, and a fake New Jersey auto driver license with the same name as the one that the alleged shooter used to check into the Manhattan hostel. The police also stated that they found a three-page, 262-word handwritten manifesto carried by Mangione.

Mangione is a 26-year-old Ivy League graduate who hails from a prominent Maryland-based real estate family.

Charges

On December 9, Mangione was charged in Blair County, Pennsylvania, for carrying a gun without a license, forgery, falsely identifying himself to the authorities, and possessing "instruments of crime". He was arraigned at around 6 p.m. at the Blair County Courthouse and was denied bail. By the end of the day, he was charged in Manhattan with second-degree murder, three counts of illegal weapons possession, and forgery. On December 10, he was again denied bail, but remained jailed in Pennsylvania after pledging to fight his planned extradition to New York.

Views

Manifesto

On December 10, 2024, journalist Ken Klippenstein published the full text of Mangione's 262-word manifesto. In the document, Mangione claimed to have acted alone and described his methods as involving "elementary social engineering, basic CAD, a lot of patience." He addressed law enforcement directly, saying he respected their work and apologized for any "strife or traumas" while maintaining that "it had to be done."

The manifesto criticized the U.S. healthcare system, noting America's high healthcare costs despite relatively low life expectancy rankings. It specifically mentioned UnitedHealth's market capitalization, describing it as one of the largest U.S. companies. The document referenced previous critiques of the healthcare system, likely citing works by Elisabeth Rosenthal and Michael Moore, and argued that awareness of problems was no longer the issue, but rather "power games at play." The manifesto concluded by describing the author as "the first to face it with such brutal honesty."

Social media

According to Business Insider, Mangione's posts showed skepticism of doctors and supported the idea "that his worldview was influenced by reactionary right-wing thinkers." He appeared to be frustrated with the medical field and showed a skeptical attitude towards Joe Biden and Donald Trump. The New Republic reported that "His X account is rife with mostly right-leaning, slightly nihilistic, tech bro-y takes concerning AI, mental health, altruism, ancient history, and society in general." In a Goodreads review of Industrial Society and Its Future, the manifesto of "Unabomber" Ted Kaczynski, Mangione's account described the Unabomber as "rightfully imprisoned" and was critical of his usage of violence against innocent individuals, while also saying, "'Violence never solved anything' is a statement uttered by cowards and predators" and that "when all other forms of communication fail, violence is necessary to survive."

Mangione's account reposted several messages on X criticizing "wokeism" and as well as secularization and the decline of Christianity in the Western world. His Goodreads account flagged six books related to chronic back pain and spinal surgery. In posts, he shared content praising Peter Thiel and Elon Musk.

Response

Public response

Many social media users expressed their contempt for Thompson, UnitedHealthcare, and the nation's health insurance system while praising the assailant for his actions. Social media users shared personal stories of harm and death suffered as a result of claim denials, and joked about the killing with memes and gallows humor. Shortly after the event, two of the houses owned by Thompson's family were swatted. Anthony Zenkus, a senior lecturer in social work at Columbia University, said on social media: "Today, we mourn the death of ... Brian Thompson, gunned down ... wait I'm sorry – today we mourn the deaths of 68,000 Americans who needlessly die each year so that insurance company execs like Brian Thompson can become multimillionaires". One physician told The Daily Beast that they believed the perpetrator should be brought to justice, but also stated that Thompson's role as CEO had led to a great amount of suffering and loss of life, which he described as "on the order of millions", adding that " hard for me to sympathize when so many people have suffered because of his company".

A popular comment on the r/nursing subreddit mocked Thompson's death by emulating a denial of coverage letter for Thompson's emergency care. The assailant received internet attention for his resemblance to actors Timothée Chalamet, Dave Franco and Jake Gyllenhaal. Prominent conservative commentators, like Ben Shapiro and Matt Walsh, received online backlash from their viewership for condemning the criticism of Thompson and for attributing it exclusively to left-wing politics. A McDonald's branch received backlash including review bombing after an employee gave the police a tip leading to a suspect's arrest.

The Network Contagion Research Institute found that out of the top ten most engaged-with posts on X that mention Thompson or UnitedHealth, six of the posts implicitly or explicitly supported the killing or criticized Thompson. Some highlighted comments called for further assassinations of CEOs and class war; a researcher at the institute said that the assassination was framed as "some opening blow in a class war" and that praise for the killing came from across the political spectrum. After Thompson's death, UnitedHealthcare's parent company, UnitedHealth Group, published a statement on Facebook detailing the death and their official condolences. Though the post's comment section was deactivated, approximately 90,000 Facebook users responded to the post with a "Haha" (or "laughing") reaction with only 2,200 "Sad" reactions as of December 6.

Zeynep Tufekci, Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs at Princeton University and New York Times columnist, said that the public reaction to Thompson's murder "should ring all the alarm bells" and resembled the reaction to the very high levels of corporate greed, exploitation, and economic inequality during the American Gilded Age, a period characterized by violent "political movements that targeted corporate titans, politicians, judges and others". She further stated that, "The concentration of extreme wealth in the United States has recently surpassed that of the Gilded Age. And the will among politicians to push for broad public solutions appears to have all but vanished. I fear that instead of an era of reform, the response to this act of violence and to the widespread rage it has ushered into view will be limited to another round of retreat by the wealthiest." Robert Pape, an expert in political violence at the University of Chicago, told The Guardian that the response of online commentators was indicative of Americans' growing acceptance of violence to settle civil disputes.

Dominic Pino of National Review argued that only a vocal minority supported Thompson's killing, citing surveys from Gallup and the Kaiser Family Foundation where a majority of the respondents stated that they were satisfied with their medical care.

Healthcare corporations

UnitedHealth Group CEO Andrew Witty defended the company’s claim denial practices in a video leaked after the fatal shooting of Brian Thompson. Recorded on December 5, the day after Thompson’s death, Witty emphasized the company’s role in ensuring “safe and appropriate” care and that the insurance giant will continue to prevent “unnecessary care”.

UnitedHealthcare, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and CVS Health, which operates Aetna, all removed photographs and other information about their executive leadership from their websites following Thompson's killing. Additionally, the days following Thompson's death saw a surge in inquiries about protective services and security for CEOs and corporate executives, according to private security firm Allied Universal. Michael Sherman, the former chief medical officer at Point32Health, justified the concerns of health insurance executives, saying, "It doesn't seem paranoid to worry that someone who's had services denied that they may believe are important might be in an emotionally unstable state."

Referring to the online response to Thompson's death, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, who runs the Chief Executive Leadership Institute, affiliated with Yale, said, "we've seen the frightening, uncanny conversion of angry and deranged people." One health insurance executive was quoted by the Financial Times as saying that threats against health insurance companies are common, and that "We'd have times when you'd deny proton laser therapy for a kid with seizures and the parent would freak out". Another executive was quoted as saying, "What's most disturbing is the ability of people to hide behind their keyboards and lose their humanity."

After the killing, Anthem Blue Cross reversed a controversial decision to place time limits on coverage for surgical anesthesia in Connecticut, New York, and Missouri.

Politicians

In response to the killing, public officials including Minnesota governor Tim Walz and Senator Amy Klobuchar expressed dismay and offered condolences to the family. Walz said that he knew Thompson. Outgoing Democratic House representative Dean Phillips wrote that he was "horrified by the assassination of my constituent, Brian Thompson, this morning in NYC and have his family in my prayers." In regards to the murder, Maryland state delegate Nino Mangione, who is the cousin of Luigi Mangione, has said, "We offer our prayers to the family of Brian Thompson and we ask people to pray for all involved."

Commenting on Thompson's killing in an interview on ABC's This Week on December 8, 2024, Democratic House representative Ro Khanna said, "There is no justification for violence". He added that the public reaction to Thompson's killing did not surprise him because "We waste hundreds of billions a year on health care administrative expenses that make insurance CEOs and wealthy stockholders incredibly rich while 85 million Americans go uninsured or underinsured".

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External links

• Suspect in shooting death of UnitedHealthcare CEO fled New York City by bus, police say at Wikinews

• Assassination of Brian Thompson
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