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| On 4 May, due to his contributions, Sima Yao's peerage was promoted to the Prince of Dong'an. However, Jia Nanfeng was wary of him, as he plotted to overthrow her. Sima Yao's elder brother Sima Dan (司马澹) the Duke of Dongwu was on bad terms with him; Sima Dan then repeatedly mentioned to their uncle ] (who was regent together with ]) that Yao was monoplising the power to give rewards and punishments, and that he aimed to interfere in court affairs. Sima Liang then relieved Yao of his post on 12 May; Yao was later exiled on grounds of sedition.<ref>(贾后暴戾日甚，繇密谋废后，贾氏惮之。繇兄东武公澹，素恶繇，屡谮之于太宰亮曰：“繇专行诛赏，欲擅朝政。” 庚戌，诏免繇官；又坐有悖言，废徙带方。) ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol.82. Sima Yao plotting to overthrow Jia Nanfeng was not recorded in his biography in ''Book of Jin'', but appeared in Jia's biography found in the same work.</ref> | On 4 May, due to his contributions, Sima Yao's peerage was promoted to the Prince of Dong'an. However, Jia Nanfeng was wary of him, as he plotted to overthrow her. Sima Yao's elder brother Sima Dan (司马澹) the Duke of Dongwu was on bad terms with him; Sima Dan then repeatedly mentioned to their uncle ] (who was regent together with ]) that Yao was monoplising the power to give rewards and punishments, and that he aimed to interfere in court affairs. Sima Liang then relieved Yao of his post on 12 May; Yao was later exiled on grounds of sedition.<ref>(贾后暴戾日甚，繇密谋废后，贾氏惮之。繇兄东武公澹，素恶繇，屡谮之于太宰亮曰：“繇专行诛赏，欲擅朝政。” 庚戌，诏免繇官；又坐有悖言，废徙带方。) ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol.82. Sima Yao plotting to overthrow Jia Nanfeng was not recorded in his biography in ''Book of Jin'', but appeared in Jia's biography found in the same work.</ref> | ||
| By the time Sima Yao was reappointed Prince of Dong'an in {{circa}}November 301, the situation in both the Jin court and the empire itself had changed dramatically. Sima Liang, Wei Guan, ], Empress Jia and her clique, and Sima Lun and his clique were all dead |
By the time Sima Yao was reappointed Prince of Dong'an in {{circa}}November 301, the situation in both the Jin court and the empire itself had changed dramatically. Sima Liang, Wei Guan, ], Empress Jia and her clique, and Sima Lun and his clique were all dead; ], the Prince of Qi, was now regent. In the northwest, ]'s rebellion had been quelled for about two and a half years, but the refugee situation it created continued to simmer. In 301, ] declared his rebellion in Yizhou. | ||
| During Sima Jiong's regency, Sima Zhou's widow Princess Dowager Zhuge petitioned him, claiming that Sima Dan was unfilial, and requested that Sima Yao be allowed to return from exile. Sima Jiong agreed; Sima Dan was then exiled to Liaodong together with his family.<ref>(齐王冏辅政，澹母诸葛太妃表澹不孝，乞还繇，由是澹与妻子徙辽东。) ''Jin Shu'', vol.38</ref> When he returned to court, Sima Yao also recommended Sima Mao, Prince of Dongping and grandson of ]<ref>''Jin Shu'', vol.37</ref>, to the Jin court; Sima Mao was made General who Pacifies the East and Chief Controller of Xuzhou, and sent to garrison Xiapi<ref>(九月，征其弟东安王繇复旧爵，拜尚书左仆射。繇举东平王楙为平东将军、都督徐州诸军事，镇下邳。) ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol.84</ref>. | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 05:28, 11 December 2024
Prince Zhuang of Xinye For his clansman and emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty, see Emperor Xiaowu of Jin.| Sima Yao 司馬繇 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of Dong'an (东安王) | |||||||||
| Reign | 4 - 12 May 291 c.November 301 – 18 September 304 | ||||||||
| Born | Unknown | ||||||||
| Died | 18 September 304 Yecheng, Hebei | ||||||||
| Issue | None | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | House of Sima | ||||||||
| Father | Sima Zhou | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Zhuge | ||||||||
Sima Yao (simplified Chinese: 司马繇; traditional Chinese: 司馬繇; died 18 September 304), courtesy name Sixuan (思玄), was a son of Sima Zhou, Prince Wu of Langya, and his wife Lady Zhuge (a daughter of Zhuge Dan), and a grandson of Sima Yi, regent of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms era. Besides his heritage, Sima Yao was best known for his role in the death of Wen Yang, and his further involvement in the War of the Eight Princes during the reign of his cousin's son, Emperor Hui of Jin.
Background and life under Emperor Wu
Sima Yao was born to Sima Zhou and his wife Lady Zhuge in an unknown year. He was made Duke of Dong'an on 22 December 289 during his cousin Emperor Wu's last bestowment of princely titles.
During Emperor Hui's reign
Just about five months after Sima Yao was enfeoffed as Duke of Dong'an, Emperor Wu died. Emperor Wu's successor, Emperor Hui was developmentally disabled; his reign saw a series of regent who ruled on his behalf. Sima Yao held some minor positions during the regency of Yang Jun, father of Emperor Wu's second empress Empress Yang Zhi. During the coup to oust Yang Jun on 23 April 291, Sima Yao led a contingent of 400 troops against Yang. During the trial of Yang Jun's brother Yang Yao (杨珧), others suggested that Yao be treated leniently, as was the case with Zhong Yu's sons when their uncle Zhong Hui rebelled against Sima Zhao; Sima Yao did not heed the advice. The cronies of Empress Jia Nanfeng then tortured Yang Yao, causing him to cry out in agony. Eventually, an executioner cut open Yang Yao's head with a blade. As Zhuge Dan's maternal grandson, Sima Yao was concerned about Wen Yang; he eventually claimed that Wen was part of Yang Jun's rebellion and had him executed. For that night, punishments and rewards arising from the coup were all handled by Sima Yao, and his fame grew. Wang Rong advised, "After such a major incident, it is good to think deeply about future developments."; Sima Yao did not heed Wang's advice.
On 4 May, due to his contributions, Sima Yao's peerage was promoted to the Prince of Dong'an. However, Jia Nanfeng was wary of him, as he plotted to overthrow her. Sima Yao's elder brother Sima Dan (司马澹) the Duke of Dongwu was on bad terms with him; Sima Dan then repeatedly mentioned to their uncle Sima Liang (who was regent together with Wei Guan) that Yao was monoplising the power to give rewards and punishments, and that he aimed to interfere in court affairs. Sima Liang then relieved Yao of his post on 12 May; Yao was later exiled on grounds of sedition.
By the time Sima Yao was reappointed Prince of Dong'an in c.November 301, the situation in both the Jin court and the empire itself had changed dramatically. Sima Liang, Wei Guan, Sima Wei, Empress Jia and her clique, and Sima Lun and his clique were all dead; Sima Jiong, the Prince of Qi, was now regent. In the northwest, Qi Wannian's rebellion had been quelled for about two and a half years, but the refugee situation it created continued to simmer. In 301, Li Te declared his rebellion in Yizhou.
During Sima Jiong's regency, Sima Zhou's widow Princess Dowager Zhuge petitioned him, claiming that Sima Dan was unfilial, and requested that Sima Yao be allowed to return from exile. Sima Jiong agreed; Sima Dan was then exiled to Liaodong together with his family. When he returned to court, Sima Yao also recommended Sima Mao, Prince of Dongping and grandson of Sima Wang, to the Jin court; Sima Mao was made General who Pacifies the East and Chief Controller of Xuzhou, and sent to garrison Xiapi.
References
- (三月...壬寅，...东安公繇为尚书左仆射，进封东安王。...庚戌，免东安王繇及东平王楙，繇徙带方。.....九月，追东安王繇复其爵。) Jin Shu, vol.04. The 9th month of the 1st year of the Yong'ning era corresponds to 19 Oct to 16 Nov 301 in the Julian calendar.
- Jin Shu, vol.38
- (太弟颖怨东安王繇前议，八月，戊辰，收繇，杀之。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.85
- (东安王繇字思玄。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- Jin Shu, vol.38
- (十一月....甲申，以亮为侍中、大司马、假黄钺、大都督、督豫州诸军事，镇许昌；徙南阳王柬为秦王，都督关中诸军事；始平王玮为楚王，都督荆州诸军事；濮阳王允为淮南王，都督扬、江二州诸军事；并假节之国。立皇子乂为长沙王，颖为成都王，晏为吴王，炽为豫章王，演为代王，皇孙遹为广陵王。又封淮南王子迪为汉王，楚王子仪为毘陵王，徙扶风王畅为顺阳王，畅弟歆为新野公。畅，骏之子也。琅邪王觐弟澹为东武公，繇为东安公。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.82
- (历散骑黄门侍郎，迁散骑常侍。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- (三月，辛卯，孟观、李肇启帝，夜作诏，诬骏谋反，中外戒严，遣使奉诏废骏，以侯就第。命东安公繇帅殿中四百人讨骏，...) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.82
- (众谓宜依钟毓例为之申理。繇不听，而贾氏族党趣使行刑。珧号叫不已，刑者以刀破其头。繇，诸葛诞之外孙也，故忌文鸯，诬以为骏党而诛之。是夜，诛赏皆自繇出，威振内外。王戎谓繇曰：“大事之后，宜深远权势。”繇不从。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.82.
- (贾后暴戾日甚，繇密谋废后，贾氏惮之。繇兄东武公澹，素恶繇，屡谮之于太宰亮曰：“繇专行诛赏，欲擅朝政。” 庚戌，诏免繇官；又坐有悖言，废徙带方。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.82. Sima Yao plotting to overthrow Jia Nanfeng was not recorded in his biography in Book of Jin, but appeared in Jia's biography found in the same work.
- (齐王冏辅政，澹母诸葛太妃表澹不孝，乞还繇，由是澹与妻子徙辽东。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- Jin Shu, vol.37
- (九月，征其弟东安王繇复旧爵，拜尚书左仆射。繇举东平王楙为平东将军、都督徐州诸军事，镇下邳。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.84
- Fang, Xuanling: Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Sima, Guang: Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance (Zizhi Tongjian)