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Killing of Brian Thompson
Still image from CCTV footage of the shooting
Location of the killing
Location	Outside the New York Hilton Midtown in Midtown Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates	40°45′46.2″N 73°58′47.1″W / 40.762833°N 73.979750°W / 40.762833; -73.979750
Date	December 4, 2024; 24 days ago (2024-12-04) 6:44 am (EST)
Attack type	Shooting
Weapon	Suppressed 9×19mm pistol (ghost gun in the Glock 19 specification, according to the police)
Victim	Brian Thompson
Accused	Luigi Mangione
Charges	Second-degree murder Carrying a gun without a license Forgery False identification to law enforcement Possession of an instrument of crime

Brian Thompson, the 50-year-old CEO of the American health insurance company UnitedHealthcare, was shot and killed in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on December 4, 2024. The shooting occurred early in the morning outside an entrance to the New York Hilton Midtown hotel. Thompson was in the city to attend an annual investors' meeting for UnitedHealth Group, the parent company of UnitedHealthcare. Prior to his death, he faced criticism for the company's rejection of insurance claims, and his family reported that he had received death threats in the past. The suspect, initially described as a white man wearing a mask, fled the scene. On December 9, 2024, authorities arrested 26-year-old Luigi Mangione in Altoona, Pennsylvania, and charged him with Thompson's murder in a Manhattan court.

Authorities said Mangione was carrying a 3D-printed pistol and a 3D-printed suppressor consistent with those used in the attack, as well as a short handwritten letter to federal law enforcement (characterized as a manifesto) criticizing America's healthcare system, a U.S. passport, and multiple fraudulent IDs, including one with the same name the alleged shooter used to check into a hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Authorities also said his fingerprints matched those that investigators found near the New York shooting scene. Mangione was held without bail in Pennsylvania on charges of possession of an unlicensed firearm, forgery, and providing false New Jersey-resident identification to police. Mangione also has an arrest warrant with five felony counts in New York, including second-degree murder. Mangione's lawyer said he will plead not guilty to the charges. Police believe that he was inspired by Ted Kaczynski's essay Industrial Society and Its Future, and motivated by his personal views on health insurance. They say an injury he suffered may have played a part.

Online and social media reactions to the killing ranged from contempt and mockery towards Thompson and UnitedHealth Group, to sympathy and praise for the assailant. More broadly, social media users criticized the U.S. healthcare system, and many users characterized the killing as deserved or justified. These attitudes were related to anger over UnitedHealth's business practices and those of the United States health insurance industry in general – primarily the strategy to deny coverage to clients. In particular, Thompson's death was compared to the harm or death experienced by clients who were denied coverage by insurance companies. Public officials offered condolences to Thompson's family and condemned the killing. Inquiries about protective services and security for CEOs and corporate executives surged following the killing.

Background

Thompson and UnitedHealthcare

Thompson was the chief executive officer (CEO) of UnitedHealthcare, the insurance arm of UnitedHealth Group, from April 2021 until his death. His widow, Paulette, told NBC News that her husband received threats related to a "lack of coverage".

UnitedHealthcare insures 49 million Americans and had $281 billion in revenue for the 2023 fiscal year. In 2021, Thompson was criticized in an open letter from the American Hospital Association due to a UnitedHealthcare plan to start denying payment for what it deemed as non-critical visits to hospital emergency rooms. UnitedHealthcare has been widely criticized for its handling of claims. It and other insurers were named in an October 2024 report from the United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations showing a surge in prior authorization denials for Medicare Advantage patients. Under Thompson's leadership, UnitedHealthcare also began using artificial intelligence (AI) to automate claim denials, resulting in patients being unable to access medical care.

The rate at which post-acute care claims were denied more than doubled between 2020 and 2022. A class action suit filed against UnitedHealth Group in November 2023 alleged the company knowingly employed nH Predict, an AI model that had a 90% error rate. In September 2024, a demonstration was held in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, outside the headquarters of UnitedHealth Group subsidiary and pharmacy services provider Optum, with protestors claiming Optum's business practices inflate medicine costs and force independent pharmacies out of business.

Suspected assailant's preparations

The suspect arrived in New York City on November 24, 2024, on a Greyhound bus. The bus route began in Atlanta, Georgia, but authorities do not know from which city or town he boarded. He checked into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan on November 24, 2024, with a falsified New Jersey identification card and paid in cash. He stayed all but one night of the 10 days he was in New York City at the hostel, checking out on December 3, 2024.

Killing and escape

Thompson was in New York City for an annual UnitedHealth Group investors' meeting, having arrived in the city on December 2, 2024. On December 4, at around 6:45 a.m. EST (UTC−5), Thompson was walking along West 54th Street toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel that was hosting the meeting. The assailant, dressed in a light-brown or cream-colored hoodie waited across the street from the hotel for several minutes, then crossed over when he saw Thompson. Standing approximately 20 feet (6 m) away from Thompson when he arrived at the entrance, the assailant fired three times at him from a suppressed 9 mm pistol, striking him in the back and right calf.

In the closed-circuit television camera (CCTV) recording of the killing, the shooter appears to manually cycle the gun action after each shot, leading observers to believe that his weapon was a malfunctioning semi-automatic pistol. The authorities believe it to be the weapon they found in the suspect's bag after his arrest – a partially 3D-printed Glock 19 and 3D-printed suppressor. The ghost gun consists of a 3D-printed lower receiver, metal slide, unserialized Glock 19 internals from a parts kit, and uses a standard Glock magazine. The 3D-printed part's design was an iteration of "FMDA 19.2", a design released in 2021 by the libertarian group Deterrence Dispensed.

The killer fled the scene on an e-bike to Central Park, where he shed a backpack containing Monopoly money and a jacket before exiting the west end of the park at 77th Street. According to the police, he then left the city from the George Washington Bridge Bus Station farther uptown in Upper Manhattan. Thompson was taken to Mount Sinai West hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:12 a.m.

Timeline

• November 24, 10:11 p.m. – An unknown suspect arrives at the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on a Greyhound bus which originated in Atlanta, Georgia, and made up to seven stops en route.
• November 24 – Suspect checks into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. His full unmasked face was caught on CCTV camera during a flirtatious moment with a female hostel clerk during the check-in process. The suspect had two roommates at the hostel who described how he would slip down his mask only when putting bites of food into his mouth.
• November 24 – Suspect cases the New York Hilton Midtown hotel.
• November 29 – Suspect checks out of the HI New York City Hostel.
• November 30 – Suspect checks back into the HI New York City Hostel.
• December 4:
  • 5:30 a.m. – Suspect leaves the hostel, thought to be by bike.
  • 6:15 a.m. – Suspect seen leaving the 57th Street F Train subway stop.
  • 6:17 a.m. – Suspect buys coffee, water, and granola bars at a Starbucks café (at 1380 6th Ave) two blocks away from the New York Hilton Midtown hotel, discarding the coffee cup and water bottle.
  • 6:30 a.m. – Surveillance footage captures the suspect walking while talking on the phone.
  • 6:39 a.m. – Suspect arrives in front of the New York Hilton Midtown hotel and waits for several minutes.
  • 6:40 a.m. – Thompson leaves the Marriott hotel (at 151 W 54th St) he stayed at the prior night, heading toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel.
  • 6:44 a.m. – Thompson walks along the sidewalk toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel and the assailant shoots him multiple times, racking his pistol after it appeared to jam; the suspect immediately flees northbound via a pedestrian walkway.
  • 6:46 a.m. – Police respond to a 911 call reporting that a person has been shot.
  • 6:48 a.m. – Officers arrive on scene and find Thompson with multiple gunshot wounds to his back and leg; he is taken to the hospital.
    Assailant is seen riding an electric bicycle north into Central Park.
  • 6:59 a.m. – A person appearing to be the suspect is seen riding a bike on West 85th St.
  • 7:04 a.m. – Suspect gets into a northbound taxi on 86th Street and Amsterdam Avenue.
  • 7:12 a.m. – Thompson is declared dead at Mt. Sinai Hospital.
  • 7:30 a.m. – Suspect arrives at George Washington Bridge Bus Station.

Investigation

Evidence collected at the scene

Three fired cartridge cases alongside three unfired cartridges were found at the scene. The words "delay", "deny", and "depose" were written on the cases. "Depose" was inscribed on a casing from a round fired into Thompson, while "delay" was marked on an unfired cartridge ejected as the shooter appeared to be clearing a jam. The three words are similar to the phrase "delay, deny, defend", a well-known phrase in the insurance industry alluding to insurance companies' efforts to not pay out claims. Accordingly, police stated they are investigating whether the words suggest the killer's motive.

A water bottle, candy wrapper and phone were recovered from the scene and are believed to be connected to the shooter. Police said they believed they found the shooter's backpack in Central Park on December 6, 2024. The backpack contained a Tommy Hilfiger jacket and Monopoly money.

Search for the suspect

The New York City Police Department offered a reward up to $10,000 for information about the shooter on December 4, 2024. The following day, authorities released images of a suspect taken by surveillance cameras at the hostel and a Starbucks café. Two stills show the suspect's face including one with him smiling widely at a female desk attendant at the hostel. Sources told CBS the front desk worker asked to "see his pretty smile." The FBI joined the investigation and separately offered a reward of up to $50,000 for information leading to an arrest and conviction.

The shooter was described by police as a white man, approximately 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) tall, wearing a light brown or cream-colored hooded jacket, dark pants, and black sneakers with white soles. He had a gray backpack and concealed his face with a black face mask. Police said the suspect appeared to be proficient in the use of firearms and was described as being "extremely camera savvy."

Suspect

Luigi Mangione was born in Towson, Maryland, on May 6, 1998. He is the son of Louis Mangione and belongs to a prominent Maryland family known for their real estate and philanthropy. He attended Gilman School, an all-boys private secondary school in Baltimore, where he graduated as valedictorian in 2016. He pursued higher education at the Ivy League institution, University of Pennsylvania, graduating cum laude and receiving both a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) in computer engineering and a Master of Science in Engineering (MSE) in computer and information science in 2020. His undergraduate studies included a minor in mathematics, and his graduate curriculum concentrated on artificial intelligence.

His last known residence was in Honolulu, Hawaii. In November 2024, Mangione was reported missing by his mother, who said the family had not heard from him since July of that year. It was around the same time during the summer of 2024 that Mangione stopped posting on social media. Mangione's mother contacted the San Francisco Police Department, as she believed that Mangione lived in San Francisco and had a job in the area.

Arrest and charges

Local police in Altoona, Pennsylvania, arrested 26-year-old Mangione on December 9, 2024, at a McDonald's restaurant in the city. An employee there called the police to say that a customer recognized the suspect from images released by the NYPD. Altoona is about 280 miles (450 km) west of New York City. In his bag they found a 3D-printed gun and a 3D-printed suppressor, which the police claim are consistent with the weapon used in the shooting, and a falsified New Jersey driver's license with the same name as the one used by the alleged shooter to check into the Manhattan hostel. The police also said that when they arrested Mangione, they found a three-page, 262-word handwritten document about the American healthcare system, which they characterized as a manifesto.

Mangione was charged in Blair County, Pennsylvania, with carrying a gun without a license, forgery, falsely identifying himself to the authorities, and possessing "instruments of crime" on December 9, 2024. He was arraigned at around 6 p.m. at Blair County Courthouse and was denied bail. By the end of the day, he was charged in Manhattan with second-degree murder, three counts of illegal weapons possession, and forgery. He is currently being held in the State Correctional Institution at Huntingdon, a close-security state correctional facility in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. He was denied bail for the second time on December 10, 2024, and through his Pennsylvania attorney, he indicated his intention to fight a prospective interstate extradition to New York. Mangione hired Karen Friedman Agnifilo, former prosecutor at the Manhattan District Attorney's Office and former legal analyst with CNN, as his New York case defense attorney on December 13.

Alleged manifesto

Journalist Ken Klippenstein published what alleged to be a 262-word handwritten note by Mangione, on December 10, 2024. In the document, Mangione directly addressed federal law enforcement, stating he acted alone and that his methods involved "elementary social engineering, basic CAD, a lot of patience". He referenced a spiral notebook containing notes and to-do lists, mentioned his tech was "locked down" due to his engineering work, and apologized for causing "strife or traumas" while insisting it had to be done. According to The New York Times, the mention of CAD apparently relates to the process of 3D-printing the ghost gun's plastic frame.

The note characterized healthcare executives as parasites who "had it coming" and criticized the U.S. healthcare system, noting that, despite it being the most expensive in the world, America ranked roughly 42nd in life expectancy. It specifically mentioned UnitedHealth's market capitalization, describing it as one of the largest U.S. companies, behind only Apple, Google, and Walmart. Mangione argued that, while many individuals had illuminated the corruption and greed within the American healthcare system decades ago, the problems have continued to persist. Mangione wrote that it was "not an issue of awareness at this point, but clearly power games at play," concluding by describing himself as "the first to face it with such brutal honesty".

Possible motives and views

The current investigator theory of motive is ill will towards the health insurance industry. Police believe the motive was related to an injury that Mangione had suffered that caused him to visit the emergency room in July 2023. Online photos posted by Mangione showed screws in his back. Mangione had spondylolisthesis, a lower back condition. Sources told CBS they believed Mangione had resentment towards UnitedHealthcare as well as other health insurance companies. He was not insured by UnitedHealthcare. New York Police Chief of Detectives Joseph Kenny believes Mangione may have targeted them because of the company's size.

Police believe that Mangione was inspired by Ted Kaczynski's Industrial Society and Its Future. Mangione's account posted a Goodreads review of Industrial Society and Its Future, describing Kaczynski as "rightfully imprisoned" and was critical of his use of violence against innocent individuals. The review, which gave the manifesto four out of five stars, also contained a quote that the reviewer claimed to have found online. The quote contained the lines "'Violence never solved anything' is a statement uttered by cowards and predators" and "when all other forms of communication fail, violence is necessary to survive."

According to Business Insider, Mangione's social media posts showed apparent frustration with the medical field, skepticism of doctors, and supported the idea that "his worldview was influenced by reactionary right-wing thinkers". Mangione showed a skeptical attitude towards both Joe Biden and Donald Trump, while showing apparent support for Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s run for president in 2024. Time magazine said it could not tell whether he was left-wing or right-wing. The Spectator wrote that his worldview "wasn’t pinned to a standard left-right axis," while Jacobin stated that he held "a hodgepodge of views and political beliefs that don’t neatly map onto any one category on the political spectrum". His social media expressed concerns over the implications of pornography, DEI programs, falling fertility rates, wokeism, secularization, and the decline of Christianity, and he promoted traditionalist ideas.

Reactions

Online and social media

Many social media users expressed their contempt for Thompson, UnitedHealthcare, and the nation's health insurance system while expressing sympathy for and praising the assailant for his actions. Social media users shared personal stories of harm and death suffered as a result of claim denials, and joked about the killing with memes and gallows humor. A popular comment on the r/nursing subreddit mocked Thompson's death by emulating a denial of coverage letter for Thompson's emergency care. One physician told The Daily Beast that they believed the perpetrator should be brought to justice, but they also stated that Thompson's role as CEO had led to a great amount of suffering and loss of life, which he described as "on the order of millions", adding that " hard for me to sympathize when so many people have suffered because of his company". Shortly after the event, two of the houses owned by Thompson's family were swatted.

Within a week of the killing, the suspect had been hailed as a folk hero by many online. Internet users nicknamed the perpetrator "the Adjuster" or "the Claims Adjuster", and "Robin Hoodie". The McDonald's where Mangione was arrested as a result of a tip from a customer who alerted an employee after recognizing the suspect was review bombed. A viral tweet by a software engineer who provided information on how to find the assassin after examining data from Citi Bike's bikeshare program was called a "snitch" by some Twitter users. The suspect received internet attention for his physical appearance and resemblance to actors Timothée Chalamet, Dave Franco, and Jake Gyllenhaal.

After Thompson's death, UnitedHealthcare's parent company, UnitedHealth Group, published a statement on Facebook detailing the death and their official condolences. Though the post's comment section was deactivated, over 100,000 Facebook users responded to the post with a "Haha" (or "laughing") reaction. Items and merchandise in support of Mangione were posted on Etsy, Amazon and other e-commerce sites before being removed.

Crowdsourcing fundraisers were also started by supporters of Mangione to cover his legal costs on GoFundMe, before being removed. A GiveSendGo fundraiser has remained live; as of December 15, it has raised over $100,000. Other social media users linked Mangione's jail commissary account soliciting donations for "snacks, sodas, an iPad, etc." Thomas Dickey, Mangione's defense attorney, commented on the crowdfunding campaign by saying: "The Supreme Court says all these rich billionaires can give all kind of money to candidates and that's 'free speech,' so maybe these people were exercising their right to free speech and saying that's the way they're supporting my client."

The BBC reported that the lack of pity for Thompson expressed online "seemed to bridge the political divide". Prominent conservative commentators, like Ben Shapiro and Matt Walsh, received online backlash from their viewership for condemning the criticism of Thompson and for portraying it as an exclusively leftist sentiment. The Network Contagion Research Institute found that out of the top ten most-engaged tweets that mention Thompson or UnitedHealth, six of the posts implicitly or explicitly supported the killing or criticized Thompson. Some highlighted comments called for further assassinations of CEOs and class war; a researcher at the institute said that the incident was framed as "some opening blow in a class war" and that praise for the killing came from across the political spectrum.

Polling

The Center for Strategic Politics surveyed 455 American adults on December 11 and found that "61% of respondents said they have a strong or somewhat negative perception of Mangione". Opinions on Mangione vary "dramatically" by age, with respondents under 45 holding a more positive view of him than those over 45. Additionally, they indicated that men were more likely to support Mangione than women, and Black and Hispanic respondents were more likely to support him than White respondents. The poll also found that young Americans view Mangione "far more favorably" than they viewed Thompson and UnitedHealthcare.

In the same poll, 45 percent of respondents said they did not know what to think of Thompson. 35 percent had negative views and 19 percent had positive views. Regarding UnitedHealthcare, 48 percent held a negative view and 24 percent had a positive view. 57 percent held negative views towards the health insurance industry and 32 percent held positive views.

Academic commentators

Zeynep Tufekci, a professor of sociology and public affairs at Princeton University and New York Times columnist, said that the public reaction to Thompson's murder "should ring all the alarm bells" and resembled the reaction to the very high levels of corporate greed, exploitation, and economic inequality during the American Gilded Age, a period characterized by violent "political movements that targeted corporate titans, politicians, judges and others". Tufekci further wrote: "The concentration of extreme wealth in the United States has recently surpassed that of the Gilded Age. And the will among politicians to push for broad public solutions appears to have all but vanished. I fear that instead of an era of reform, the response to this act of violence and to the widespread rage it has ushered into view will be limited to another round of retreat by the wealthiest."

Robert Pape, an expert in political violence at the University of Chicago, told The Guardian that the response of online commentators was indicative of Americans' growing acceptance of violence to settle civil disputes.

Health insurance corporations

UnitedHealth Group CEO Andrew Witty defended the company's claim denial practices in an internal video which was leaked after the fatal shooting of Thompson. Recorded on December 5, the day after Thompson's death, Witty emphasized the company's role in ensuring "safe and appropriate" care and that the insurance giant will continue to prevent "unnecessary care". Some online comments made death threats in response, with Fortune pointing out that UnitedHealthcare's was twice the industry average for denied claims and that "their policies contributes to medical bankruptcies and lives lost due to denied care, highlighting widespread anger at systemic issues in U.S. health care".

UnitedHealthcare, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and CVS Health, which operates Aetna, all removed photographs and other information about their executive leadership from their websites following Thompson's killing. Managed care provider Centene canceled their in-person investor's day which had been scheduled for December 12, and instead planned a virtual conference. Additionally, the days following Thompson's death saw a surge in inquiries about protective services and security for CEOs and corporate executives, according to private security firm Allied Universal. Michael Sherman, the former chief medical officer at Point32Health, justified the concerns of health insurance executives, saying, "It doesn't seem paranoid to worry that someone who's had services denied that they may believe are important might be in an emotionally unstable state."

Referring to the online response to Thompson's death, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, who runs the Yale-affiliated Chief Executive Leadership Institute, said, "We've seen the frightening, uncanny conversion of angry and deranged people." One former health insurance executive was quoted by the Financial Times as saying that threats against health insurance companies are common, and that "We'd have times when you'd deny proton laser therapy for a kid with seizures and the parent would freak out." Another executive was quoted as saying, "What's most disturbing is the ability of people to hide behind their keyboards and lose their humanity."

Politicians

In response to the killing, public officials including Minnesota governor Tim Walz and Senator Amy Klobuchar expressed dismay and offered condolences to the family. Walz said that he knew Thompson. Outgoing Democratic House representative Dean Phillips wrote that he was "horrified by the assassination of my constituent, Brian Thompson, this morning in NYC and have his family in my prayers." In regards to the murder, Maryland state delegate Nino Mangione, who is the cousin of Luigi Mangione, said, "Our family is shocked and devastated by Luigi's arrest. We offer our prayers to the family of Brian Thompson and we ask people to pray for all involved".

Commenting on Thompson's killing in an interview on ABC's This Week on December 8, 2024, Democratic House representative Ro Khanna said: "There is no justification for violence". He added that the public reaction to Thompson's killing did not surprise him because "We waste hundreds of billions a year on health care administrative expenses that make insurance CEOs and wealthy stockholders incredibly rich while 85 million Americans go uninsured or underinsured". On December 10, 2024, Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren said: "The visceral response from people across this country who feel cheated, ripped off, and threatened by the vile practices of their insurance companies should be a warning to everyone in the health care system. Violence is never the answer, but people can be pushed only so far." On December 12, 2024, Democratic Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said: "This is not to say that an act of violence is justified, but I think for anyone who is confused or shocked or appalled, they need to understand that people interpret and feel and experience denied claims as an act of violence against them."

Other

Stocks for UnitedHealth fell the week of the shooting and fell a further 5.6% on December 11, 2024.

Dominic Pino, writing for the conservative National Review, cited surveys from Gallup, Pacific Research Institute and the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) where a majority of the respondents stated that they were "satisfied" with their medical care and current insurance plan, to indicate what he perceived as a disconnect between audiences praising Mangione and most Americans.

David Kaczynski, the surviving brother of the "Unabomber" Ted Kaczynski, expressed concern over his late brother's apparent influence on Mangione, stating: "It really gives me a great deal of personal pain to think my brother's actions have in any way contributed to influencing a man like this to kill an innocent human being."

Independent journalist Ken Klippenstein stated that numerous major media outlets refused to publish Mangione's alleged manifesto despite being in possession of it, writing "My queries to The New York Times, CNN and ABC to explain their rationale for withholding the manifesto, while gladly quoting from it selectively, have not been answered." Klippenstein also alleged that The New York Times directed their staff to "dial back" on showing photographs containing Mangione's face. Engadget reported that moderators of subreddits on Reddit were instructed to remove posts and links containing Mangione's alleged manifesto. A Reddit spokesperson said that posting the alleged manifesto violated the company's "violent content rules".

A week after the shooting, a woman in Florida was arrested and charged after allegedly saying "Delay, deny, depose, you people are next" to representatives of Blue Cross Blue Shield after her claim was denied. The judge set her bail at $100,000, citing "the status of our country at this point".

See also

• Healthcare in the United States
• Health insurance in the United States

References

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External links

• Suspect in shooting death of UnitedHealthcare CEO fled New York City by bus, police say at Wikinews
• "CEO Shooting Highlights Growing Frustrations at Health Care Industry," USA Today, 12/6/24

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