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Banajiga (vanik, tradesman) are Canarese traders, many of whom are ]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/Banajiga|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India|website=Wikisource}}</ref> |
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Banajiga (vanik, tradesman) are Canarese traders, many of whom are ]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/Banajiga|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India|website=Wikisource}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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Variations of the name in use in the medieval era were Balanja, Bananja, Bananju, Banajiga and Banijiga, with probable cognates Balijiga, Valanjiyar, Balanji, Bananji and derivatives such as Baliga, all of which are said to be derived from the Sanskrit term Vanik or Vanij, for trader.<ref> |
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{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Epigraphia Indica |
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|volume=4 |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1896|page=296|quote=In the Telugu word balija or balijiga has the same meaning . It is therefore probable that the words vaļañjiyam , vaļañjiyar , balañji , baṇañji , baṇañjiga and balija are cognate and derived from the Sanskrit vanij | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vqZCAAAAYAAJ }} |
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*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Quarterly Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society |
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|volume=11 |publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society |year=1938|page=54|quote=| url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pn65KlYEJmsC }} |
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</ref> |
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==Origin== |
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Beginning in the 9th century, references are found in inscriptions throughout the Kannada and Tamil areas to a trading network, which is sometimes referred to as a guild, called the Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavolu that provided trade links between trading communities in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. From the 13th century, inscriptions referring to "Vira Balanjyas" (warrior merchants) started appearing in the Andhra country. The Vira Balanjyas, whose origins are often claimed to lie in the Ayyavolu, represented long-distance trading networks that employed fighters to protect their warehouses and goods in transit. The traders were identified as nanadesi (of 'many countries') and as swadesi ('own country'). The terms balanjya-setti and balija were also used for these traders, and in later times naidu and chetti. These traders formed collectives called pekkandru and differentiated themselves from other collectives called nagaram, which probably represented Komati merchants. The pekkandru collectives also included members of other communities with status titles reddi, boya and nayaka. They spread all over South India, Sri Lanka, and also some countries in the Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Burton Stein, David Arnold |author2=|title=A History of India |
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|volume= |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010|page=120|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC }}</ref><ref> |
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{{cite book|editor1-last=K. Sundaram |author2=|title=Studies in Economic and Social Conditions of Medieval Andhra, A. D. 1000-1600 |
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|volume= |publisher=Triveni Publishers |year=1968|page=69|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HJFXAAAAMAAJ }} |
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</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Kambhampati Satyanarayana |author2=|title=A Study of the History and Culture of the Andhras: From stone age to feudalism |
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|volume= |publisher=People's Publishing House |year=1975|page=334|quote= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYsBAAAAMAAJ }} |
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</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar |author2=|title=Ancient India and South Indian History & Culture: Papers on Indian History and Culture; India to A.D. 1300 |
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|volume= |publisher=Oriental Book Agency |year=1941|page=801|quote=| url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=W3tDAAAAYAAJ }} |
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*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title= The quarterly journal of the Mythic society (Bangalore) |publisher=Mythic Society |year=1991|page=88-91|quote=| url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KXBuAAAAMAAJ }} |
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</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=A. Satyanarayana, Mukkamala Radhakrishna Sarma |author2=|title=Castes, Communities, and Culture in Andhra Desa, 17th & 18th Centuries, A.D |
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|volume= |publisher=Osmania University |year=1996|page=105|quote=. | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sbm_Oyo8XFMC }} |
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*{{cite book|editor1-last=S.S. Shashi |author2=|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |
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|volume=106 |publisher=Anmol Publications |year=2000|page=86|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_wUwAQAAIAAJ }} |
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</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/epigraphy/guild-inscriptions|title=Guild Inscriptions}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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== References == |
Variations of the name in use in the medieval era were Balanja, Bananja, Bananju, Banajiga and Banijiga, with probable cognates Balijiga, Valanjiyar, Balanji, Bananji and derivatives such as Baliga, all of which are said to be derived from the Sanskrit term Vanik or Vanij, for trader.
Beginning in the 9th century, references are found in inscriptions throughout the Kannada and Tamil areas to a trading network, which is sometimes referred to as a guild, called the Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavolu that provided trade links between trading communities in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. From the 13th century, inscriptions referring to "Vira Balanjyas" (warrior merchants) started appearing in the Andhra country. The Vira Balanjyas, whose origins are often claimed to lie in the Ayyavolu, represented long-distance trading networks that employed fighters to protect their warehouses and goods in transit. The traders were identified as nanadesi (of 'many countries') and as swadesi ('own country'). The terms balanjya-setti and balija were also used for these traders, and in later times naidu and chetti. These traders formed collectives called pekkandru and differentiated themselves from other collectives called nagaram, which probably represented Komati merchants. The pekkandru collectives also included members of other communities with status titles reddi, boya and nayaka. They spread all over South India, Sri Lanka, and also some countries in the Southeast Asia.
Hinduism