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| ''Trichogenes claviger'' is one of three known species within the ] '']'', and the second to be discovered and described. The first species of the genus, '']'', was described in 1983 from a very local population discovered in an remnant rainforest between the major cities Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. ''T. longipinnis'' was long considered to be unique; a strikingly distinct fish that is not closely related to any other ] freshwater fish. Despite several surveys, the species has never been encountered in other areas, being restricted to an area less than 10 km across.<ref name="pinna2010"/> | ''Trichogenes claviger'' is one of three known species within the ] '']'', and the second to be discovered and described. The first species of the genus, '']'', was described in 1983 from a very local population discovered in an remnant rainforest between the major cities Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. ''T. longipinnis'' was long considered to be unique; a strikingly distinct fish that is not closely related to any other ] freshwater fish. Despite several surveys, the species has never been encountered in other areas, being restricted to an area less than 10 km across.<ref name="pinna2010"/> | ||
| The first specimens of ''T. claviger'' were discovered by chance by biologists conducting a biodiversity survey in a remnant rainforest in ], some 1200 km northeast of the ''T. claviger'' population. Specimens, including the ] (specimen ] 3289) and 17 ]s, were collected in February 2010, and became part of the collections of the {{lang|pt|]}} (MBML) in ] and the {{lang|pt|]}} in ]. The ] was published later in 2010 by the Brazilian ] Mário C. C. de Pinna and colleagues.<ref name="pinna2010"/> | The first specimens of ''T. claviger'' were discovered by chance by biologists conducting a biodiversity survey in a remnant rainforest in ], some 1200 km northeast of the ''T. claviger'' population. Specimens, including the ] (specimen ] 3289) and 17 ]s, were collected in February 2010, and became part of the collections of the {{lang|pt|]}} (MBML) in ] and the {{lang|pt|]}} (MZUSP) in ]. The ] was published later in 2010 by the Brazilian ] Mário C. C. de Pinna and colleagues.<ref name="pinna2010"/> | ||
| ⚫ | In 2020, a third species, '']'', was described from three specimens in the collection of the MZUSP; these specimens lack location data and the range of the species is unknown.<ref name="pinna2020"/> The genus ''Trichogenes'' is most closely related to the ], which are endemic to the ] plateau in northeastern Brazil.<ref name="pinna2010"/> | ||
| In 2020, a third species of ''Trichogenes'', <ref name="pinna2020"/> | |||
| ⚫ | The genus ''Trichogenes'' is most closely related to the ], which are endemic to the ] plateau in northeastern Brazil.<ref name="pinna2010"/> | ||
| == Habitat and distribution == | == Habitat and distribution == | ||
Revision as of 00:11, 18 December 2024
| Trichogenes claviger | |
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| Trichogenes claviger | |
| Conservation status | |
 Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Trichomycteridae |
| Subfamily: | Trichogeninae |
| Genus: | Trichogenes |
| Species: | T. claviger |
| Binomial name | |
| Trichogenes claviger de Pinna, Helmer, Britski & Nunes, 2010 | |
Trichogenes claviger is a critically endangered catfish native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Taxonomy
Trichogenes claviger is one of three known species within the genus Trichogenes, and the second to be discovered and described. The first species of the genus, T. longipinnis, was described in 1983 from a very local population discovered in an remnant rainforest between the major cities Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. T. longipinnis was long considered to be unique; a strikingly distinct fish that is not closely related to any other neotropical freshwater fish. Despite several surveys, the species has never been encountered in other areas, being restricted to an area less than 10 km across.
The first specimens of T. claviger were discovered by chance by biologists conducting a biodiversity survey in a remnant rainforest in Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo, some 1200 km northeast of the T. claviger population. Specimens, including the holotype (specimen MBML 3289) and 17 paratypes, were collected in February 2010, and became part of the collections of the Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão (MBML) in Santa Teresa and the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) in São Paulo. The species description was published later in 2010 by the Brazilian ichthyologist Mário C. C. de Pinna and colleagues.
In 2020, a third species, Trichogenes beagle, was described from three specimens in the collection of the MZUSP; these specimens lack location data and the range of the species is unknown. The genus Trichogenes is most closely related to the Copionodontinae, which are endemic to the Chapada Diamantina plateau in northeastern Brazil.
Habitat and distribution
The species is known from only from the Mata de Caetés (Caetés forest), a remnant of the Atlantic Forest, in Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Here, the fish lives in small streams that are part of the catchment area of the Itapemirim River, which is isolated from other catchment areas. This forest is primary, mountainous rainforest interspersed with plantations of exotic trees. It was first discovered in a small shaded stream, the Picada Comprida, within primary rainforest at an altitude of around 1150 m. The stream is ca. 30 cm deep, slow flowing and has brown but clear water. The stream bed is sandy but partly covered with dead leaves and other organic material. The fishes tend to occur in midwater. It is the only species of fish to occur at the locality.
Conservation and Threats
Forno Grande farm
References
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) (2022). "Trichogenes claviger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T141159992A141159997.pt. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
- ^ Pinna, Mário C. C. de; Helmer, José Luiz; Britski, Heraldo A.; Nunes, Leandro Rodrigues (2010). "A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 8: 707–717. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252010000400002.
- Silva, Juliana Paulo; Sarmento-Soares, Luisa Maria; Tonini, Lorena; Freitas, Joelcio (2023). "The contribution of local people to species conservation: the case of the catfish Trichogenes claviger in south-east Brazil". Oryx. 57 (6): 693–693. doi:10.1017/S0030605323000893.
- Pinna, Mário C. C. de; Reis, Vinícius (Vinícius José Carvalho); Britski, Heraldo A. (2020). "A new species of Trichogenes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with a discussion on the homologies of the anterior orbital bones in trichomycterids and other loricarioids". American Museum Novitates (3951). hdl:2246/7115.
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Trichogenes claviger | |