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| On 20 December, two ] fighters were killed in a ] airstrike in Deir Ezzor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/351880/|title=New attack {{!}} Emir of ISIS cells and his companion killed under US airstrike on Deir Ezzor|work=]|date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | On 20 December, two ] fighters were killed in a ] airstrike in Deir Ezzor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/351880/|title=New attack {{!}} Emir of ISIS cells and his companion killed under US airstrike on Deir Ezzor|work=]|date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| On 21 December, five civilians were killed in a Turkish airstrike in areas of operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/351905/|title=Turkish aerial escalation {{!}} Five people killed including a woman in Al-Hasakah as a drone shells grain centre in Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)|work=]|date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 22:10, 21 December 2024
Main article: Timeline of the Syrian civil war See also: Fall of the Assad regime, Fall of Damascus, and 2024 Syrian opposition offensives
The following is a timeline of the Syrian civil war from November 2024. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found in casualties of the Syrian civil war.
On 27 November 2024, a coalition of Syrian opposition groups called the Military Operations Command led by Islamist Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) launched a lightning offensive against pro-government Syrian Arab Army (SAA) forces in Aleppo, Idlib, Hama and Homs Governorates in Syria. This was followed by other rebel offensives from the Southern Front, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), and the Syrian Free Army. The government continued to get some backing from its allies Russia and Iran, including Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and Hezbollah, although these allies were entangled in their own conflicts in Ukraine (see Russian invasion of Ukraine) and Lebanon (see Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present), 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon and Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war).
In the Battle of Aleppo, 29 November to 2 December, HTS-led forces took Aleppo from the government. In the Southern Syria offensive, 29 November to December 2024, rebels organised in the Southern Operations Room, took most of Southern Syria. In the 2024 Hama offensive, 30 November to 5 December, rebels took Hama. In the Palmyra offensive, 6-7 December, US-backed rebels took Palmyra. The capital Damascus fell to rebels on 7-8 December. According to official state reports in Russian mass media and media footage, President Bashar al-Assad left Damascus by air to Moscow, where he was granted asylum, sealing the fall of his regime. That day, Israel launched an invasion of Syria's Quneitra Governorate, aiming to seize the UN buffer zone in the Golan Heights.
There was also fighting between the Turkish-backed rebel Syrian National Army (SNA) and the US-backed and Kurdish-led SDF in Northeastern Syria, in Operation Dawn of Freedom, 30 November to 12 December, as well as some skirmishes between all these groups and the Islamic State (ISIS) in the Northeast (especially in the Deir ez-Zor offensive, 17 November to 3 December).
November
 | This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "Timeline of the Syrian civil war" November 2024–present – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2024) |
On 4 November, according to the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), three SDF fighters and four government SAA soldiers were killed by a SNA infiltration operation on the Al-Raqqah frontlines.
On 17 November, according to SOHR, a SDF fighter was killed in an ISIS attack on military position.
On 19 November, according to SOHR, five SNA fighters were killed in an SDF infiltration operation in Abdouky Al-Kabeer Village west of Tel Abyad City.
On 20 November, according to SOHR, Israeli airstrikes on Palmyra killed 108 people and wounded several more.
On 21 November, according to SOHR, two SDF fighters were killed and 10 others were injured after an ISIS IED exploded targeting their vehicle near Al-Azbah junction in the northern countryside of Deir ez-Zor.
On the same day, according to SOHR, an SAA soldier was killed and four others injured in an IED attack by ISIS cells in Al-Rasafah desert in south-western Al-Raqqah.
On 22 November, according to SOHR, two SDF fighters were killed in clashes with SNA fighters on the Abdouki frontline near the city of Tell Abyad.
On 23 November, according to SOHR, two SAA soldiers were killed after ISIS militants ambushed their vehicle in the al-Bishri desert, in the Deir ez-Zor countryside.
On 23 November, according to SOHR, two IRGC troops were killed and two injured in an ISIS attack in Deir Ezzor countryside.
On 24 November, according to SOHR, two SDF fighters were killed and one critically injured in an IED attack by ISIS in the Deir ez-Zor Province.
On the same day, according to SOHR, 15 SNA fighters were killed in an SDF infiltration attack on the Al-Daghlabash frontline in Aleppo countryside.
On 25 November, according to SOHR, a SDF fighter was killed in clashes with SNA in the Afrin countryside.
On 25 November, according to SOHR, a National Defence Forces (NDF - government-loyalist militia) fighter was killed by ISIS cells in Al-Raqqah province.
On 25 November, according to SOHR, a SAA soldier was killed and 9 others injured in an IED attack occurred in Homs.
On 25 November, according to SOHR, two Hezbollah fighters were killed five injured in Israeli airstrike on Homs Province.
On 26 November, according to SOHR, two SDF fighters were killed in an attack by ISIS cells on Al-Hasakah and Al-Raqqah Highway.
HTS-led offensive in the Northwest
Main article: 2024 Syrian opposition offensivesOn 27 November, the HTS launched an offensive in the northwestern area of the Aleppo Governorate, capturing several towns and villages.
On 28 November, according to SOHR, a SDF fighter was killed by Turkish drone strike on north of Al-Raqqah province.
On 29 November 2024, Syrian opposition group Tahrir al-Sham, along with allied Turkish-backed groups in the Military Operations Command, entered the Syrian government-held city of Aleppo.
That day, according to SOHR, a SDF member was killed in Al-Qamishly by unidentified gunmen. According to SOHR, a SAA soldier was killed and 2 injured in an attack in Al-Suwaydaa Province. On 29 November, according to SOHR, 54 people were killed in Syria.
On 30 November 2024, opposition groups captured most of Aleppo amidst the collapse of pro-government forces.< On 30 November, according to SOHR, a SAA soldier and three Bedouin tribe members were killed in Al-Suwaydaa. On 30 November, according to SOHR, 70 people were killed in Syria. On the same day, according to SOHR, three SNA fighters were killed in a Russian airstrike on their positions in Al-Karidiya frontline in Al-Bab countryside eastern of Aleppo.
The SOHR reported that at least 746 people were killed in Syria in the month of November 2024, the largest monthly death toll in nearly 60 months.
December
| This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "Timeline of the Syrian civil war" November 2024–present – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2024) |
On 1 December, as part of the renewed rebel advance into the southern Idlib and Hama Governorates, seven HTS fighters were killed in Khan Shaykhun by booby-trapped missiles in a former SAA warehouse that was abandoned by retreating government forces in the city.
On the same day, according to SOHR, opposition forces took control of Khanasir and As-Safira towns and Kuwayres military airbase in the eastern countryside of Aleppo. Nine SAA soldiers were killed during the fighting.
Furthermore, according to SOHR, six Iranian militamen were killed in a local gunmen attack in Talbiseh City.
According to SOHR, 13 civilians were killed by a Russian airstrike in Idlib city and 12 other people were killed in a Russian airstrike in Aleppo city centre including 2 HTS fighters.
On 2 December, according to Kurdish sources, the AANES General Security Directorate arrested an ISIS emir in the town of Al-Izba, north of Deir ez-Zor. They said the emir was responsible for several recent bombings and assassinations in the town.
According to SOHR, eight civilians were killed in a HTS rocket attack on Hama city. Four civilians were killed in a Russian airstrike near the directorate of health in Idlib city.
Heavy clashes began between Syrian Army forces and forces of HTS on the renewed Hama front in the towns of Karnaz and Suran. Clashes also occurred on the frontline in the Al-Ghab Plain, amid a failed HTS offensive where at least ten HTS members were killed attacking SAA positions.
On 2 December, according to SOHR, three SDF fighters were killed in a Turkish drone strike on their car on M4 Highway. Also on 2 December, a SAA soldier was killed and another injured by unidentified attack in Al-Hasakah.
Between 2-3 December, according to SOHR, at least 68 people, including 23 Syrian opposition fighters, 29 government soldiers and 16 civilians were killed in Syria.
On 3 December, according to SOHR, a SDF fighter and a civilian were killed in clashes with SAA. Two civilians were killed in a Russian airstrike in Khan Shaykhun, southern Idlib. At least 17 SAA soldiers and 8 HTS fighters were killed in the clashes north of Hama on 3 December; two civilians were also killed by HTS shelling in the city.
According to SOHR, at least 11 SDF/civilians, including a woman, were executed by SNA fighters amid many more Kurdish civilians being held captive and evacuated from the Al-Shuhabaa area and northern Aleppo countryside. Also on 3 December, six SAA soldiers were killed in an American airstrike near Deir ez Zor airport.
Between 3-4 December, according to SOHR, at least 129 people, including 70 Syrian opposition fighters, 47 SAA soldiers and 12 civilians were killed in Syria.
On 5 December 2024, opposition forces captured Hama.
On 6 December, advancing south on the M5 motorway from Hama, HTS-led rebels entered Al-Dar al-Kabera, on the northern edge of Syria's third city Homs, where the government forces were expected to make their last stand. The government lost control of Deraa to local rebels, who gave government offciers safe passage to Damascus. Civilian residents of Suwaida took control of their town from the government. The Russian government ordered its nationals to leave the country. Iran pledged extra support for the regime, while Israel struck targets on the Lebanese border to prevent Hezbollah engagement.
That day, the Deir ez-Zor Military Council, Kurdish and Arab fighters of the SDF, took control of Deir ez-Zor city after government forces and Iran-backed militias withdrew. According to SOHR, a SDF fighter was killed and three others injured in a Turkish shelling of Manbij.
Fall of Damascus and Israeli incursion
Main articles: Fall of Damascus, Fall of the Assad regime, and 2024 Israeli invasion of SyriaOn 7 December, rebel Syrian forces entered the capital city of Damascus, amid rumours that Bashar al-Assad had fled the nation. On that same day, according to SOHR, two SDF fighters were killed in a Turkish kamikaze drone strike in Manbij City.
On 8 December, Syrian opposition forces in the Operations Room to Liberate Damascus, who had been waiting for HTS-led forces to take Homs, captured Damascus, with thousands of government soldiers surrendering before fighting began.
On the same day, hours after the fall of the Assad regime, Israeli forces were sent to reinforce the UN's forces (UNDOF) in maintaining the UN buffer zone, citing concerns of extremist groups operating in the region after the dissolution of the Syrian Arab Army, while stating that they were not interested in interfering in events in Syria. Hours later, Israeli forces invaded and seized the UN buffer zone in the Golan Heights, declaring the 1974 disengagement agreement void. Additionally, they moved forces into Syrian territory, occupying the Druze towns of Khan Arnabeh and al-Baath. Israel later took complete control of Mount Hermon after taking control of the Syrian side without facing resistance.
Fighting in Manbij and Kobani in North, stabilisation of new government in Damascus
On 9 December, Turkish-backed SNA fighters captured the city of Manbij in northern Syria.
On the same day, according to SOHR, 11 civilians were killed by a Turkish drone strike in SDF-controlled Al-Mustariha in Ain Issa countryside in northern Al-Raqqah. The same day Ali Mahmoud, the highest ranking Syrian officer was found dead.
Furthermore, according to SOHR, 11 SDF fighters were also killed in a Turkish drone strike on an SDF position near Qarquzaq bridge east of Manbij.
On 9 December, according to SOHR, at least 80 people were killed in Syria.
On 10 December, according to SOHR, at least 3 civilians and tens of wounded Manbij Military Council fighters were extrajudicially executed by SNA fighters after the fall of the Manbij area to SNA forces following the Manbij offensive.
Five fighters of Ahrar al-Sharqiya were killed in clashes with SDF forces after attacking SDF positions in Al-Aliyah and Al-Susah towns in Tel Tamr countryside in northern Al-Hasakah, according to SOHR.
As part of a new offensive into ex-SAA positions in the Homs desert, ISIS militants captured and executed at least 54 ex-Syrian Army soldiers, according to SOHR.
Eight civilians were killed by a Turkish drone strike in the village of Safia in the Ain Issa countryside, according to SOHR. Another two civilians were also killed in a separate Turkish drone strike in Ja’ada Village south west of Kobani.
At least six employees working in the Al-Taim oil field were killed in an attack by ISIS fighters, according to SOHR.
On 10 December, according to SOHR, at least 198 people were killed in Syria, including 68 SDF and 30 SNA fighters in clashes in Manbij.
On 11 December, according to SOHR, six SDF fighters were killed and four others wounded by a Turkish drone strike in West of Euphrates.
On 12 December, according to SOHR, at least 51 people were killed in Syria.
At least five civilians were executed by ISIS militants in two separate attacks in the Jabal Al-Omour area in the Homs countryside, according to SOHR.
On 13 December, according to SOHR, at least 73 people were killed in Syria, including in an execution of 11 people carried out by gunmen in the village of Bahra, Hama.
Four SNA fighters were killed in clashes with SDF forces in an infiltration attempt in the frontline of Qabiyat Saqiro village in Ain Issa countryside and the frontline of Sluk in Al-Hamid and Al-Sharikah villages in Tel Abyad countryside according to SOHR.
On 14 December according to SOHR, four militants of the Sham Legion were killed in an ambush by pro-Assad gunmen in the Al-Mazir’a area in Jabla countryside, Latakia. Russia evacuated its T4 base in Homs, leaving it with just two bases in Syria, Khmeimim airbase and Tartous port.
That night, Israel launched multiple airstrikes on Syrian targets, including its naval base in Latakia, despite Abu Mohammed al-Jolani saying HTS was not interested in conflict with Israel.
On 15 December, schools and universities, as well as bars in Christian neighbourhoods, re-opened in Damascus, and large celebrations of the fall of the regime continued. The US and UK both said they had initiated diplomatic contact with al-Jolani's government.
On 16 December, according to SOHR, two ex-SAA soldiers were kidnapped and executed by HTS militants near Homs city.
On 17 December, according to SOHR, a SDF fighter was killed by ISIS attack in Deir Ezzor.
On 17 December, according to SOHR, two SDF fighter was killed and four others wounded by ISIS attack on checkpoint in Al-Raqqa.
On 17 December 2024, the US said the ceasefire in the Northeast had been extended, but pro-Kurdish sources said that the factions supported by Turkey announced they would discontinue the ceasefire with groups supported by the US, such as Syrian Democratic Forces. Kurdish sources told Al-Monitor that the SNA, an umbrella informed the SDF "that it would be returning to 'a state of combat against us'... The sources said negotiations between the SDF and the SNA had 'failed' and that 'significant military buildups' in areas east and west of the Kurdish town of Kobani on the Turkish border were being observed." According to SOHR, four SNA fighters were killed in clashes with SDF forces in an attack on Teshrin Dam in Al-Raqqa countryside. Two civilians were also killed in the crossfire.
In Damascus that day, France met with the transitional government, re-opened its embassy, and said they wold host a meeting of states to end sanctions on the country.
On 18 December, according to SOHR, 21 SNA fighters were killed after attacking SDF forces on residential areas in Teshrin Dam near Kobani City.
On 19 December, both Turkey and the SDF renewed their commitment to fighting for Kobani, rejecting any ceasefire deal. The SDF leader confirmed for the first time that several non-Syrian Kurds were fighting in its ranks, committing to their departure as Syria entered a new era.
The same day, Iraq returned nearly 2000 Syrian government soldiers who had fled the rebel advance, on condition of their protection by the new government.
On 20 December, US officials arrived in Damascus to meet the transitional government.
Since the beginning of December, Turkish airstrikes left 20 SDF fighters, 15 former SAA soldiers and 16 civilians killed during Operation Dawn of Freedom.
Furthermore, two Kurdish journalists were killed in a Turkish airstrike on their car in Ain-Al Arab countryside.
On 20 December, two ISIS fighters were killed in a US airstrike in Deir Ezzor.
On 21 December, five civilians were killed in a Turkish airstrike in areas of operation.
References
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The latest offensive has been led by an Islamist militant group known at Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and allied factions backed by Turkey.
- "Syrian rebels sweep into Aleppo, Russia conducts strikes in support of Assad". Reuters.
With Assad backed by Russia and Iran, and Turkey supporting some of the rebels in the northwest where it maintains troops, the offensive has brought into focus the conflict's knotted geopolitics.
- "Aleppo: Rebels 'take control' of airport as thousands of fighters seize most of Syria's second-biggest city". Sky.
The insurgents, led by the Islamist militant group Hayat Tahrir al Sham and including Turkey-backed fighters, also claim to be in control of all of Idlib province after launching their offensive on Wednesday.
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- "New assassination | Officer of the regime killed and two members injured in Al-Suwaydaa". SOHR. 29 November 2024.
- "Daily death toll | 54 people killed on November 29 across Syria". SOHR. 29 November 2024.
- "وسط انهيار قوات النظام.. "الهيئة" والفصائل تسيطران على 5 أحياء في مدينة حلب و20 بلدة وقرية في ريفي حلب وإدلب" [Amidst the collapse of the regime forces.. "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" and the factions control 5 neighborhoods in the city of Aleppo and 20 towns and villages in the countryside of Aleppo and Idlib] (in Arabic). 29 November 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
- "بعد غياب لنحو 8 سنوات.. الطيران الحربي يستهدف أحياء حلب.. وقوات "ردع العدوان" تتوغل في غالبية أحياء مدينة حلب" [After an absence of about 8 years. Warplanes target Aleppo neighborhoods. and the "Deterrence of Aggression" forces penetrate most of Aleppo city neighborhoods] (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- "Clashes near borders between Syria and Jordan | Five people including a first lieutenant killed in Al-Suwaydaa". SOHR. 30 November 2024.
- "Daily death toll | 70 people killed on November 30 across Syria". SOHR. 30 November 2024.
- "New Russian attack | Three members of the "National Army" killed in Al-Bab in Aleppo". SOHR. 30 November 2024.
- "Highest monthly death toll ever in nearly 60 months | 176 civilians among 746 people killed in November 2024". SOHR. 1 December 2024.
- "Left by regime forces | Seven rebels killed in explosion of booby-trapped missiles in Khan Shaykhoun". SOHR. 1 December 2024.
- "Following violent clashes | HTS and "National Army" take control of two towns and airbase in Aleppo countryside and positions around Aleppo city". SOHR. 1 December 2024.
- "Armed attack | Local gunmen kill six Iranian-backed militiamen near Talbiseh city". SOHR. 1 December 2024.
- "Dea*th toll update | Eight children among 13 civilians ki*lled in mas*sacre committed by Russian fighter jets in area near Idlib city's market". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "Amid ongoing airstrikes | 35 people killed and injured in Russian airstrikes on University Hospital in Aleppo city". SOHR. 1 December 2024.
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- "Dea*th toll update | Eight civilians killed in Hama and 12 people killed by H*T*S in "Blocking Aggression" operation". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "New attack | Russian fighter jets kill four civilians, including two children, in Aleppo countryside". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "Amid heavy artillery fire and airstrikes | Violent battles erupt in northern and eastern Hama countryside, following attack by H-T-S and factions". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "After advancing in Hama | Forces of "Blocking Aggression" operation control a town and five villages in northern Hama". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "Al-Hasakah | Turkish drone attacks military checkpoint of SDF". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "Armed attack | Officer of regime forces killed and member injured in Al-Qamishly". SOHR. 2 December 2024.
- "The death toll continues to rise day after day, in light of the continued violent escalation of clashes and air and ground bombardment, a week after the launch of the "Deterrence of Aggression" operation, launched by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and its allied factions against the regime forces, where the death toll of soldiers and civilians in the operation reached 571, and the operation was launched at dawn on the 27th of last November". SOHR. p. Arabic. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
- "Amid artillery fire that left four civilian casualties | Member of "Deir Ezzor Military Council Forces" killed in clashes with regime forces". SOHR. 3 December 2024.
- "Renewed airstrikes | Two civilians killed in Khan Sheikhoun city and the number of civilians killed in Russian airstrikes on Idlib city and refugee camp increases to 13". SOHR. 3 December 2024.
- "Casualties under shelling by H*T*S on Hama | At least 24 members of regime forces and H*T*S kil*led in clashes near Hama". SOHR. 3 December 2024.
- "Exec*utions and humiliation of Kurdish people | Turkish-backed factions carry out ethnic cleansing in Aleppo and Al-Shuhabaa". SOHR. 3 December 2024.
- "Coinciding with an attack on seven villages | Six members of Revolutionary Guards killed under US airstrikes on position near Deir Ezzor Airport". SOHR. 3 December 2024.
- ""Deterrence of Aggression" operation | H-T-S fails to advance towards "Alawite" villages and the largest military camp of regime forces in Sahil Al-Ghab". SOHR. 4 December 2024.
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- "Following fierce clashes | Turkish-backed factions take control of Manbij and 50 militiamen and members of "Manbij Military Council Forces" ki*lled". SOHR. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
- "Horrific massacre | Turkish drone kills family of 11 civilians, including six children, in Ain Issa countryside". SOHR. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
- "Aleppo | Turkish drone kills 11 SDF fighters in eastern countryside". SOHR. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- "Daily death toll | 80 people killed on December 9 across Syria". SOHR. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- السوري, المرصد (9 December 2024). "عمليات تصفية على الهوية في منبج.. الفصائل الموالية لتركيا تعفش ممتلكات الكرد وتهين أبناء الأحياء الكردية | المرصد السوري لحقوق الإنسان" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- "Having been besieged by faction | Injured combatants of "Manbij Military Council Forces" extrajudicially executed in eastern Aleppo". SOHR. 10 December 2024.
- "Leaving five militiamen dead | Clashes erupt between SDF and "National Army" in north Al-Hasakah countryside". SOHR. 10 December 2024.
- "Syria Monitor Says Islamic State Group Kills 54 Fleeing Soldiers". Barron's. 10 December 2024.
- "استشهاد 8 مدنيين.. مسيرة تركية ترتكب مجزرة بحق المدنيين في ريف عين عيسى شمال الرقة". SOHR(In Arabic). 10 December 2024.
- "New attacks | Four civilians kil*led and injured including three children by Turkish drones in Ain Al-Arab". SOHR. 10 December 2024.
- "New attack | IS*IS cells ki*ll six employees in Al-Taim Oil Field in Deir Ezzor". SOHR. 10 December 2024.
- "Daily death toll | 198 people killed on December 10 across Syria". SOHR. 10 December 2024.
- "New attack | Turkish drone kills and injure ten members of "Manbij Military Council Forces" in west Euphrates region". SOHR. 11 December 2024.
- "Daily death toll | 51 people killed on December 12 across Syria". SOHR. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- "Two separate incidents | IS*IS cells exec*ute five civilians in the Syrian Desert". SOHR. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- "Daily death toll | 73 people killed on December 13 across Syria". SOHR. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- "Killing four militiamen | SDF foil two attempts by Turkish-backed factions to sneak into frontlines in Tel Abyad countryside". SOHR. 13 December 2024.
- "First incident of its kind since fall of the regime | 15 members of "Al-Sham Legion" kil*led and injured in ambush by gunmen of the regime in Lattakia". SOHR. 14 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
- Christou, William (16 December 2024). "Inside the Russian airbase in Syria where troops form fragile truce with rebels they once bombed". the Guardian. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Beaumont, Peter (15 December 2024). "Israel strikes Syria as Netanyahu approves plan to expand Golan Heights settlement". the Guardian. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- McKernan, Bethan (15 December 2024). "Schools reopen in Damascus as celebrations over Bashar al-Assad fleeing Syria continue". the Guardian. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "After being kidn*apped in front reconciliation centre | Officer of regime forces and his brother kil*led in Homs". SOHR. 16 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-16.
- "New attack | ISIS cells kill member of "SDF" in Deir Ezzor". SOHR. 17 December 2024.
- "Al-Raqqa | Member of "Al-Asayish" killed and others injured in an attack by ISIS cells on checkpoint of Internal Security Forces". SOHR. 17 December 2024.
- "Affected by wounds sustained in attack by ISIS cells | Asayish member dies in southern Al-Raqqah". SOHR. 19 December 2024.
- "Ceasefire between Turkey and US-backed rebels extended, State Dept says". Reuters. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Turkey-backed Syrian factions end US-mediated ceasefire with Kurdish-led SDF, Sources told Al-Monitor that negotiations between the sides had “failed” amid “significant military buildups” on the Turkish border. by Amberin Zaman, Dec 16, 2024.
- "Military escalation | Members of "National Army" kil*led and injured in an attack in Al-Raqqa". SOHR. 17 December 2024.
- "Ongoing clashes between "National Army" and "SDF" | Child and young man shot de*ad with stray bullets in Aleppo". SOHR. 17 December 2024.
- "France returns flag to Damascus embassy as new Syria authorities build contacts with West". Reuters. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Irish, John (18 December 2024). "France to host Syria meeting, cautious on aid, sanctions lifting". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "Violating ceasefire | 21 members of Turkish-backed factions kil*led in attack on residential areas in Aleppo". SOHR. 18 December 2024.
- "U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces say they will fight Turkey and allied groups in Kobani". Reuters. 19 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "No talk of ceasefire between Turkey and US-backed SDF in Syria, Turkey says". Reuters. 19 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Qereman, Orhan (19 December 2024). "Exclusive: Syrian Kurdish commander: non-Syrian Kurdish fighters to leave if total truce agreed with Turkey". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "Iraq sends nearly 2,000 Syrian soldiers back home". Reuters. 19 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Humeyra Pamuk, Amina Ismail (20 December 2024). "Top US officials in Damascus to meet new Syrian rulers, State Department says". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- France-Presse, Agence (20 December 2024). "Top US diplomats arrive in Damascus to meet new Syria leaders in first visit since Assad outing". the Guardian. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "Amid ongoing clashes in Ain Al-Arab (Kobani) countryside | 54 people killed in attacks by Turkish drones on north-eastern Syria". SOHR. 20 December 2024.
- "Turkish drone attack | Two journalists killed and driver injured in Ain Al-Arab countryside (Kobani)". SOHR. 20 December 2024.
- "New attack | Emir of ISIS cells and his companion killed under US airstrike on Deir Ezzor". SOHR. 20 December 2024.
- "Turkish aerial escalation | Five people killed including a woman in Al-Hasakah as a drone shells grain centre in Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)". SOHR. 21 December 2024.
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