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<ref name="Stallsmith">{{cite journal|first=Bruce|last=Stallsmith|title=Reproductive differences between three species of Brachyrhaphis livebearing fishes in Panamá|journal=Neotropical Biodiversity|pages=62-69|volume=4|issue=|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23766808.2018.1467665|doi=10.1080/23766808.2018.1467665|date=10 May 2018}}</ref> In the north it is replaced by ''B. rhabdophora'' and in the south by other '']'' species.<ref name="Bussing"/> <ref name="Stallsmith">{{cite journal|first=Bruce|last=Stallsmith|title=Reproductive differences between three species of Brachyrhaphis livebearing fishes in Panamá|journal=Neotropical Biodiversity|pages=62-69|volume=4|issue=|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23766808.2018.1467665|doi=10.1080/23766808.2018.1467665|date=10 May 2018}}</ref> In the north it is replaced by ''B. rhabdophora'' and in the south by other '']'' species.<ref name="Bussing"/>


''B. roseni'' lives in stagnant and slow to moderately fast flowing waters. It may be found on the surface or in the midwaters.<ref name="Bussing"/> Its habitats are between 10 and 651 m ],<ref name="Ingley">{{cite journal|first=Spencer J.|last=Ingley|title=Elevational range expansion in a neotropical live-bearing fish from Panama: implications for adaptive evolution|journal=Southwestern Naturalist|pages=396-399|volume=59|issue=|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/3/597|year=2014}}</ref> and the water temperature ranges from 22 to 30 °C.<ref name="Bussing"/> At lower elevations the temperature is higher, the flow is slower, and the substrate consists of sand, gravel, and mud, whereas at higher elevations the water is cooler and faster and runs over small stones and medium to large boulders.<ref name="Ingley"/><ref name="iucn"/> One such habitat, a creek by the ] near the border with ], is composed of large boulders, and there ''B. roseni'' stays in the shallow waters along with '']''; the deeper waters are inhabited by '']'', a '']'' species, an '']'' species, and certain ], which are larger and dominate ''B. roseni''.<ref name="Dost"/> An evolutionarily distinct population inhabits a ]-rich spring in the ] drainage.<ref name="Greenway">{{cite journal|first1=Ryan|last1=Greenway|first2=Lenin|last2=Arias-Rodriguez|first3=Pete|last3=Diaz|first4=Michael|last4=Tobler|year=2014|title=Patterns of macroinvertebrate and fish diversity in freshwater sulphide springs|journal=Diversity|pages=597-632|volume=6|issue=3|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/3/597}}</ref> ''B. roseni'' lives in stagnant and slow to moderately fast flowing waters. It may be found on the surface or in the midwaters.<ref name="Bussing"/> Its habitats are between 10 and 651 m ],<ref name="Ingley">{{cite journal|first=Spencer J.|last=Ingley|title=Elevational range expansion in a neotropical live-bearing fish from Panama: implications for adaptive evolution|journal=Southwestern Naturalist|pages=396-399|volume=59|issue=|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/3/597|year=2014}}</ref> and the water temperature ranges from 22 to 30 °C.<ref name="Bussing"/> At lower elevations the temperature is higher, the flow is slower, and the substrate consists of sand, gravel, and mud, whereas at higher elevations the water is cooler and faster and runs over small stones and medium to large boulders.<ref name="Ingley"/><ref name="iucn"/> ''B. roseni'' frequently occurs with a variety of predatory fish species.<ref name="Bermingham">{{cite journal|first1=Spencer J.|last1=Ingley|first2=Ruth G.|last2=Reina|first3=Jerald B.|last3=Johnson|title=Phylogenetic analyses provide insights into the historical biogeography and evolution of Brachyrhaphis fishes|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|pages=104-114|volume=89|issue=|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790315001153|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.013|date=August 2015}}</ref> One habitat, a creek by the ] near the border with ], is composed of large boulders, and there ''B. roseni'' stays in the shallow waters along with '']''; the deeper waters are inhabited by '']'', a '']'' species, an '']'' species, and certain ], which are larger and dominate ''B. roseni''.<ref name="Dost"/> An evolutionarily distinct population inhabits a ]-rich spring in the ] drainage.<ref name="Greenway">{{cite journal|first1=Ryan|last1=Greenway|first2=Lenin|last2=Arias-Rodriguez|first3=Pete|last3=Diaz|first4=Michael|last4=Tobler|year=2014|title=Patterns of macroinvertebrate and fish diversity in freshwater sulphide springs|journal=Diversity|pages=597-632|volume=6|issue=3|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/3/597}}</ref>


''B. roseni'' is an ] species.<ref name="Bussing"/> It may be kept in a home ], but is known to be aggressive.<ref name="Dost"/> ''B. roseni'' feeds chiefly on ].<ref name="Bussing"/> It gives birth to live young,<ref name="Dost"/> and reproduces throughout the year.<ref name="Bussing"/> It may be kept in a home ], but is known to be aggressive.<ref name="Dost"/> It is fairly common in the ]. Most of the fish traded in Europe come from ].<ref name="burgess">{{cite book|editor-last=Lee|editor-first=D. S.|title=Atlas of North American Freshwater fishes.|year=1980|publisher=N.C. State Mus. Nat. Hist.|location=Raleigh, NC|pages=516|author=G. H. Burgess|chapter=Fundulis grandis}}</ref>


==References== ==References==

Revision as of 13:33, 23 December 2024

Species of livebearer fish

Cardinal brachy
Male (top) and female (bottom)
Conservation status

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Poeciliidae
Genus: Brachyrhaphis
Species: B. roseni
Binomial name
Brachyrhaphis roseni
Bussing, 1988

Brachyrhaphis roseni, commonly known as the cardinal brachy, is a poeciliid fish from Costa Rica.

B. roseni was scientifically described by William Bussing in 1988, but was known to livebearers enthusiasts from the 1960s.

B. roseni grows to 6 cm. The fish have a slightly arched body and twelve dark vertical stripes, which are normally more prominent in males. The dorsal fin is half orange with a dark margin. The caudal fin has an orange edge; in males there is also a dark band before the edge. There are commonly dark stripes near the base of the fin. The anal fin is yellowish with a dark blotch. B. roseni is similar to the related species B. rhabdophora.

B. roseni is distributed along the Pacific slope of Central America, from the drainage of the Coto Colorado River in Costa Rica to the Santa María River in western Panama. The species is common throughout much of its range, but rare in the south of Costa Rica. It is frequently found together with B. terrabensis, but the latter species tends to replace it in headwaters. In the north it is replaced by B. rhabdophora and in the south by other Brachyrhaphis species.

B. roseni lives in stagnant and slow to moderately fast flowing waters. It may be found on the surface or in the midwaters. Its habitats are between 10 and 651 m above sea level, and the water temperature ranges from 22 to 30 °C. At lower elevations the temperature is higher, the flow is slower, and the substrate consists of sand, gravel, and mud, whereas at higher elevations the water is cooler and faster and runs over small stones and medium to large boulders. B. roseni frequently occurs with a variety of predatory fish species. One habitat, a creek by the Pan-American Highway near the border with Costa Rica–Panama border, is composed of large boulders, and there B. roseni stays in the shallow waters along with Rivulus hildebrandi; the deeper waters are inhabited by Poecilia gillii, a Curimata species, an Astyanax species, and certain cichlids, which are larger and dominate B. roseni. An evolutionarily distinct population inhabits a sulphide-rich spring in the David River drainage.

B. roseni feeds chiefly on insects. It gives birth to live young, and reproduces throughout the year. It may be kept in a home aquarium, but is known to be aggressive. It is fairly common in the ornamental fish trade. Most of the fish traded in Europe come from aquaculture.

References

  1. ^ Angulo, A.; Lyons, T.J. (2020). "Brachyrhaphis roseni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T164691405A164691531. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T164691405A164691531.en. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  2. ^ Bussing, William A. (1998). Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica. p. 207. ISBN 9977674892.
  3. ^ Dost, Uwe (April 2010). "Brachys from Costa Rica". Tropical Fish Hobbyist. TFH Publications. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  4. Ingley, Spencer J.; Johnson, Jerald B. (1 March 2016). "Selection is stronger in early-versus-late stages of divergence in a Neotropical livebearing fish". Biology Letters. 12 (3): 396–399. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.1022.
  5. Stallsmith, Bruce (10 May 2018). "Reproductive differences between three species of Brachyrhaphis livebearing fishes in Panamá". Neotropical Biodiversity. 4: 62–69. doi:10.1080/23766808.2018.1467665.
  6. ^ Ingley, Spencer J. (2014). "Elevational range expansion in a neotropical live-bearing fish from Panama: implications for adaptive evolution". Southwestern Naturalist. 59: 396–399.
  7. Ingley, Spencer J.; Reina, Ruth G.; Johnson, Jerald B. (August 2015). "Phylogenetic analyses provide insights into the historical biogeography and evolution of Brachyrhaphis fishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 89: 104–114. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.013.
  8. Greenway, Ryan; Arias-Rodriguez, Lenin; Diaz, Pete; Tobler, Michael (2014). "Patterns of macroinvertebrate and fish diversity in freshwater sulphide springs". Diversity. 6 (3): 597–632.
  9. G. H. Burgess (1980). "Fundulis grandis". In Lee, D. S. (ed.). Atlas of North American Freshwater fishes. Raleigh, NC: N.C. State Mus. Nat. Hist. p. 516.
Taxon identifiers
Brachyrhaphis roseni
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