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| {{Infobox military conflict | |||
| | conflict = Battle of Arnisol | | conflict = Battle of Arnisol | ||
| | place = Near ], ] (present-day ]) | | place = Near ], ] (present-day ]) | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| | casualties2 = High | | casualties2 = High | ||
| | date = 10 March 1126 | | date = 10 March 1126 | ||
| | campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Reconquista}}{{Campaignbox Almoravid Empire battles}} | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Battle of Arnisol''' took place on 10 March 1126 near the {{Ill|Anzur Castle|lt=Anzur Castle|es|Castillo Anzur}} between ] forces led by ] and ] forces led by Ibn Abu Bakr. It was part of the ]. | The '''Battle of Arnisol''' took place on 10 March 1126 near the {{Ill|Anzur Castle|lt=Anzur Castle|es|Castillo Anzur}} between ] forces led by ] and ] forces led by Ibn Abu Bakr. It was part of the ]. | ||
| == Background == | == Background == | ||
| In 1118, a ] held in ] offered the benefits of a ] to those who came to the aid of the ] in the conquest of the city of ], the ] of the ]. |
In 1118, a ] held in ] offered the benefits of a ] to those who came to the aid of the ] in the conquest of the city of ], the ] of the ].{{Sfn|O'Callaghan|2013|p=37}} The city was ] by ] on 18 December 1118,{{Sfn|Setton|Hazard|1975|p=404}} causing the ] to collapse, with the Aragonese taking ] in February 1119 and conquering the ] in 1120.{{Sfn|Andrés|Clavero|2023|p=44}} | ||
| In 1125, Alfonso I of Aragon began a ] against the lands of Granada, |
In 1125, Alfonso I of Aragon began a ] against the lands of Granada,{{sfn|Roth|2024|pp=74–75}} attacking ], Suquar and ] without success;{{Sfn|Reilly|1996|p=164}} advancing towards ], then ], and as far as ] and ], to retreat at ]; and then towards ], which he attacked again without result.{{sfn|Lacarra|1978|p=89}} He attacked ], which he could not conquer, and continued southwards, reaching the sea at ].{{Sfn|Reilly|1996|p=165}} He planned, on his return to Aragon, to attack ], but bad weather and the presence of Almoravids made him give up. He raised camp on 22 January, passing through ], ], Laseca (near ]), ], ], ], ] and ].{{sfn|Lacarra|1978|p=89}} | ||
| == Battle == | == Battle == | ||
| In the early morning of 10 March, the Almoravids of ] led by Ibn Abu Bakr, son of the ], attacked the Aragonese camp.{{sfn|Solana|2024|p=74}} Although they managed to capture many tents,{{sfn|Lacarra|1978|p=90}} ] quickly wore his armor and managed to organize his army well.{{sfn|Solana|2024|p=74}} Due to the fact that the Almoravids were fighting scattered across the camp, the Aragonese were victorious, driving the Muslim army out of their camp.{{sfn|Lacarra|1978|p=90}}{{sfn|Solana|2024|p=74}} | |||
| In the early morning of 10 March, the Almoravids of ] led by Ibn Abu Bakr, son of the ], attacked the Aragonese camp.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Solana |first=Darío Español |url=https://www.google.es/books/edition/Yihad_y_Reconquista/-MgAEQAAQBAJ?hl=es&gbpv=1&dq=1126+arnisol&pg=PT74&printsec=frontcover |title=Yihad y Reconquista: Guerra en Aragón, Navarra y Cataluña, siglos XI-XII |date=2024-04-24 |publisher=Desperta Ferro Ediciones |isbn=978-84-128068-4-7 |page=74 |language=es}}<cite id="CITEREFSolana2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">Solana, Darío Español (2024-04-24). (in Spanish). Desperta Ferro Ediciones. p. 74. ] ].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yihad+y+Reconquista%3A+Guerra+en+Arag%C3%B3n%2C+Navarra+y+Catalu%C3%B1a%2C+siglos+XI-XII&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Desperta+Ferro+Ediciones&rft.date=2024-04-24&rft.isbn=978-84-128068-4-7&rft.aulast=Solana&rft.aufirst=Dar%C3%ADo+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.es%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FYihad_y_Reconquista%2F-MgAEQAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Des%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3D1126%2Barnisol%26pg%3DPT74%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Arnisol" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore="true"></span> | |||
| ]</ref> Although they managed to capture many tents,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lacarra |first=José María |url=https://bibliotecavirtual.aragon.es/i18n/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=3706353 |title=Alfonso el Batallador |date=1978 |publisher=Guara Editorial |isbn=84-85303-05-9 |location=Zaragoza |page= |pages=89-91}}<cite id="CITEREFLacarra1978" class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Lacarra, José María (1978). . Zaragoza: Guara Editorial. pp. 89–91. ] ].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfonso+el+Batallador&rft.place=Zaragoza&rft.pages=89-91&rft.pub=Guara+Editorial&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=84-85303-05-9&rft.aulast=Lacarra&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibliotecavirtual.aragon.es%2Fi18n%2Fcatalogo_imagenes%2Fgrupo.cmd%3Fpath%3D3706353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Arnisol" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore="true"></span></ref> ] quickly wore his armor and managed to organize his army well.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the fact that the Almoravids were fighting scattered across the camp, the Aragonese were victorious, driving the Muslim army out of their camp.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> | |||
| == Aftermath == | == Aftermath == | ||
| After the battle, Alfonso passed through the ], crossed the rivers ] and ] and arrived at ], where he turned again towards Granada, passing through ] and ], where he found Muslim contingents, whom he confronted and put to flight. |
After the battle, Alfonso passed through the ], crossed the rivers ] and ] and arrived at ], where he turned again towards Granada, passing through ] and ], where he found Muslim contingents, whom he confronted and put to flight.{{sfn|Lacarra|1978|p=91}} He then entered the ], crossed the ], and passed through ], Guadix, Murcia, Xàtiva and ], before returning to Aragon.{{Sfn|Reilly|1996|p=167}} | ||
| The results of the campaign were the enlistment of many ] and ] ], rather than territorial conquests. These Mozarabs repopulated the conquered lands of the ] and ], |
The results of the campaign were the enlistment of many ] and ] ], rather than territorial conquests. These Mozarabs repopulated the conquered lands of the ] and ],{{sfn|Ibrahim|2022|p=136}} while the Mozarabs who remained in ] were almost all deported or exterminated.{{Sfn|Reilly|1996|p=167}} | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| <references></references> | |||
| ==Bibliography== | |||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last=O'Callaghan |first=Joseph F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6fPSBQAAQBAJ|title=Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain |date=2013-09-10 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-0306-6 |language=en}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6v9jhUd-r8C |title=The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries |last2=Hazard |first2=Harry W. |date=1975 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-299-06670-3 |language=en}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last1=Andrés |first1=Roberto Blanco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUDGEAAAQBAJ |title=Historia de España BCH2 - Novedad 2023 |last2=Clavero |first2=Mariano González |date=2023 |publisher=Editex |isbn=978-84-1134-548-4 |language=es}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Norman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDP-EAAAQBAJ |title=Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict |date=2024-04-02 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-62424-5 |language=en}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last=Reilly |first=Bernard F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pre0EAAAQBAJ |title=The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain 1031 - 1157 |date=1996-01-09 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-631-19964-9 |language=en}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last=Lacarra |first=José María |url=https://bibliotecavirtual.aragon.es/i18n/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=3706353 |title=Alfonso el Batallador |date=1978 |publisher=Guara Editorial |isbn=84-85303-05-9 |location=Zaragoza}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last=Solana |first=Darío Español |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MgAEQAAQBAJ |title=Yihad y Reconquista: Guerra en Aragón, Navarra y Cataluña, siglos XI-XII |date=2024-04-24 |publisher=Desperta Ferro Ediciones |isbn=978-84-128068-4-7 |language=es}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |last=Ibrahim |first=Raymond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vT5uEAAAQBAJ |title=Defenders of the West: The Christian Heroes Who Stood Against Islam |date=2022-07-26 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-64293-821-0 |language=en}} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| ===Further reading=== | ===Further reading=== | ||
| * Huici Miranda, Ambrosio. ''Las grandes batallas de la reconquista durante las invasiones africanas''. Granada, Editorial Universidad de Granada, 2000. ] | * Huici Miranda, Ambrosio. ''Las grandes batallas de la reconquista durante las invasiones africanas''. Granada, Editorial Universidad de Granada, 2000. ] | ||
| * Lacarra y De Miguel, José María, «Expedición a Andalucía», ''Alfonso el Batallador'', Zaragoza, Guara, 1978, págs. 83-92. ]. | * Lacarra y De Miguel, José María, «Expedición a Andalucía», ''Alfonso el Batallador'', Zaragoza, Guara, 1978, págs. 83-92. ]. | ||
| * {{Cite book |last=Lema Pueyo |first=José Ángel |title=Alfonso I el Batallador, rey de Aragón y Pamplona (1104-1134) |publisher=Trea |year=2008 |isbn=978-84-9704-399-1 |location=Gijón |pages= |
* {{Cite book |last=Lema Pueyo |first=José Ángel |title=Alfonso I el Batallador, rey de Aragón y Pamplona (1104-1134) |publisher=Trea |year=2008 |isbn=978-84-9704-399-1 |location=Gijón |pages=189–213}} | ||
| * Ubieto Arteta, Antonio, , ''Historia de Aragón, vol. 1. La formación territorial'', Zaragoza, Anubar ediciones, 1981, págs. 172-179. ]. | * Ubieto Arteta, Antonio, , ''Historia de Aragón, vol. 1. La formación territorial'', Zaragoza, Anubar ediciones, 1981, págs. 172-179. ]. | ||
| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
Revision as of 11:25, 24 December 2024
| Battle of Arnisol | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Granada campaign (1125–1126) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of Aragon | Almoravid Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Alfonso I of Aragon | Ibn Abu Bakr | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | High | ||||||
| Battles of the Almoravids | |
|---|---|
|
The Battle of Arnisol took place on 10 March 1126 near the Anzur Castle [es] between Aragonese forces led by Alfonso the Battler and Almoravid forces led by Ibn Abu Bakr. It was part of the Granada campaign.
Background
In 1118, a council held in Toulouse offered the benefits of a crusade to those who came to the aid of the Kingdom of Aragon in the conquest of the city of Zaragoza, the capital city of the Taifa of Zaragoza. The city was taken by Alfonso I of Aragon on 18 December 1118, causing the Ebro valley to collapse, with the Aragonese taking Tudela in February 1119 and conquering the Taifa of Calatayud in 1120.
In 1125, Alfonso I of Aragon began a campaign against the lands of Granada, attacking Algeciras, Suquar and Dénia without success; advancing towards Xàtiva, then Murcia, and as far as Vera and Almanzora, to retreat at Purchena; and then towards Baza, which he attacked again without result. He attacked Guadix, which he could not conquer, and continued southwards, reaching the sea at Almería. He planned, on his return to Aragon, to attack Granada, but bad weather and the presence of Almoravids made him give up. He raised camp on 22 January, passing through Maracena, Pinos Puente, Laseca (near Alcalá la Real), Luque, Baena, Écija, Cabra and Aguilar de la Frontera.
Battle
In the early morning of 10 March, the Almoravids of Córdoba led by Ibn Abu Bakr, son of the Almoravid emir, attacked the Aragonese camp. Although they managed to capture many tents, Alfonso I of Aragon quickly wore his armor and managed to organize his army well. Due to the fact that the Almoravids were fighting scattered across the camp, the Aragonese were victorious, driving the Muslim army out of their camp.
Aftermath
After the battle, Alfonso passed through the Alpujarras, crossed the rivers Salobreña and Guadalfeo and arrived at Vélez-Málaga, where he turned again towards Granada, passing through Dílar and Alhendín, where he found Muslim contingents, whom he confronted and put to flight. He then entered the Vega de Granada, crossed the Sierra Nevada, and passed through Alicún, Guadix, Murcia, Xàtiva and Alcolea de Cinca, before returning to Aragon.
The results of the campaign were the enlistment of many Andalusian and Valencian Mozarabs, rather than territorial conquests. These Mozarabs repopulated the conquered lands of the Ebro and Jalón, while the Mozarabs who remained in al-Andalus were almost all deported or exterminated.
References
- O'Callaghan 2013, p. 37.
- Setton & Hazard 1975, p. 404.
- Andrés & Clavero 2023, p. 44.
- Roth 2024, pp. 74–75.
- Reilly 1996, p. 164.
- ^ Lacarra 1978, p. 89.
- Reilly 1996, p. 165.
- ^ Solana 2024, p. 74.
- ^ Lacarra 1978, p. 90.
- Lacarra 1978, p. 91.
- ^ Reilly 1996, p. 167.
- Ibrahim 2022, p. 136.
Bibliography
- O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2013-09-10). Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0306-6.
- Setton, Kenneth Meyer; Hazard, Harry W. (1975). The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-06670-3.
- Andrés, Roberto Blanco; Clavero, Mariano González (2023). Historia de España BCH2 - Novedad 2023 (in Spanish). Editex. ISBN 978-84-1134-548-4.
- Roth, Norman (2024-04-02). Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-62424-5.
- Reilly, Bernard F. (1996-01-09). The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain 1031 - 1157. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-631-19964-9.
- Lacarra, José María (1978). Alfonso el Batallador. Zaragoza: Guara Editorial. ISBN 84-85303-05-9.
- Solana, Darío Español (2024-04-24). Yihad y Reconquista: Guerra en Aragón, Navarra y Cataluña, siglos XI-XII (in Spanish). Desperta Ferro Ediciones. ISBN 978-84-128068-4-7.
- Ibrahim, Raymond (2022-07-26). Defenders of the West: The Christian Heroes Who Stood Against Islam. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-64293-821-0.
Further reading
- Huici Miranda, Ambrosio. Las grandes batallas de la reconquista durante las invasiones africanas. Granada, Editorial Universidad de Granada, 2000. ISBN 84-338-2659-X
- Lacarra y De Miguel, José María, «Expedición a Andalucía», Alfonso el Batallador, Zaragoza, Guara, 1978, págs. 83-92. ISBN 84-85303-05-9.
- Lema Pueyo, José Ángel (2008). Alfonso I el Batallador, rey de Aragón y Pamplona (1104-1134). Gijón: Trea. pp. 189–213. ISBN 978-84-9704-399-1.
- Ubieto Arteta, Antonio, «La expedición por Andalucía (1125-1126)», Historia de Aragón, vol. 1. La formación territorial, Zaragoza, Anubar ediciones, 1981, págs. 172-179. ISBN 84-7013-181-8.