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Timeline of space exploration: Difference between revisions

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===1942-1975===
tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiisssssssssssssssssssssss
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
ssssssssssssssssssuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuccccccccccccccccckkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Date
! First Success
! Country
! Mission Name
|-
||]
||Rocket to reach 100km (])
|| ]]
|| ], military program
|-
||July 1946
||] (fruit flies)
||] ]
||]
|-
||], ]
||First pictures of earth from 100 km
||] ]
||]
|-
||], ]
||] (ICBM)
||] ]
||]
|-
|valign=top|], ]
||Artificial satellite <br>Signals from space
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
||], ]
||First animal in ], the dog ]
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Detection of ]
||] USA-ABMA
||]
|-
||], ]
||]
||] USA-ABMA
||]
|-
|valign=top|], ]
||Firing of a rocket in Earth orbit <br>Reaching ] <br>Detection of ]
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
||], ]
||Orbit around the Sun
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||]
||] ] (])<sup>1</sup>
||]
|-
||], ]
||Photo of Earth from space
||] USA-NASA
||]
|-
||], ]
||] on another world (the Moon)
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Photos of ]
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||]
||] ]
||]
|-
||], ]
||photo ]
||] ]
||]
|-
|valign=top|] <!-- different firsts on different dates-->
||Launch from orbit <br>Mid-course corrections <br>] <br>Venus fly-by
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
|valign=top|], ]
||Human in space <br>Human in orbit
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
||], ]
||Mars flyby
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Woman in space
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||] (''suborbital'')
||] ]
||]
|-
||], ]
||Multi-man crew (3)
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||]
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Commercial communications satellite
||] Intelsat
||]
|-
||], ]
||Orbital ] (parallel flight, no docking)
||] USA-NASA
||]/]
|-
|valign=top|], ]
||] on another world (the Moon) <br>Photos from another world
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
||], ]
||Landing on another planet (Venus)
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Artificial satellite around another world (the Moon)
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Spaceflight casualty
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Unmanned ]
||] USSR
||]/]
|-
||], ]
||Manned docking and exchange of crew
||] USSR
||]/]
|-
||], ]
||Human on the Moon
||] USA-NASA
||]
|-
||], ]
||] from the Moon
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||]
||] USSR
||]
|-
|valign=top|], ]
||Soft landing on another planet (Venus) <br>Signals from another planet
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
||], ]
||]
||] USSR
||]
|-
||December ]
||Orbit around Mars
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Mars landing
||] USSR
||]
|-
|valign=top|], ]
||Soft Mars landing <br>signals from Mars surface
|valign=top|] USSR
|valign=top|]
|-
||], ]
||Multinational manned mission
||] USSR ] USA-NASA
||]
|-
||], ]
||Orbit around another planet (Venus)
||] USSR
||]
|-
||], ]
||Photos from the surface of another planet (Venus)
||] USSR
||]
|}
<sup>1</sup>Project Vanguard was transferred from the NRL to NASA immediately before launch.

===Post-1975===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Date
! First Success
! Country
! Mission Name
|-
||] ]
||Non-American and non-Soviet in space
||] USSR ] Czechoslovakia
||]
|-
||] ]
||] (''orbital'')
||] ]
||]
|-
||] ]
||Venus soil samples & sound recording of another world
||] USSR
||]
|-
||] ]
||Spacecraft beyond the orbit of Neptune||] USA-NASA
||]
|-
||] ]
||] by a woman||] USSR
||]
|-
||] ]
||Commercial manned-spaceflight
||] USSR ] Japan
||]
|-
||] ]
||Submarine-launched spacecraft
||] Russia
||]
|-
||] ]
||]
||] Russia ] USA
||]
|-
||] ]
||Third nation to achieve manned spaceflight
||] China
||]
|-
||] ]
||Private human spaceflight / spacecraft (''suborbital'') ||] ]
||]
|}

In addition, virtually all manned duration records have been set by the USSR, due largely to their Salyut/Mir series of space stations.

]

Revision as of 02:36, 30 April 2007

1942-1975

Date First Success Country Mission Name
1944 Rocket to reach 100km (boundary to space) Nazi Germany V2 rocket, military program
July 1946 Animals in space (fruit flies) USA-ABMA V2
October 10, 1946 First pictures of earth from 100 km USA at WSMR V2
August 21, 1957 Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) USSR R-7 Semyorka/SS-6 Sapwood
October 4, 1957 Artificial satellite
Signals from space 		USSR Sputnik 1
November 3, 1957 First animal in orbit, the dog Laika USSR Sputnik 2
January 31, 1958 Detection of Van Allen belts USA-ABMA Explorer I
December 18, 1958 Communications satellite USA-ABMA Project SCORE
January 2, 1959 Firing of a rocket in Earth orbit
Reaching escape velocity
Detection of solar wind 		USSR Luna 1
January 4, 1959 Orbit around the Sun USSR Luna 1
February 17, 1959 Weather satellite USA-NASA (NRL) Vanguard 2
August 7, 1959 Photo of Earth from space USA-NASA Explorer 6
September 13, 1959 Landing on another world (the Moon) USSR Luna 2
October 4, 1959 Photos of far side of the Moon USSR Luna 3
July 5, 1960 Reconnaissance satellite USA-NRL GRAB-1
August 18, 1960 photo Reconnaissance satellite USA-Air Force KH-1 9009
1961 Launch from orbit
Mid-course corrections
Spin-stabilisation
Venus fly-by 		USSR Venera 1
April 12, 1961 Human in space
Human in orbit 		USSR Vostok 1
November 1, 1962 Mars flyby USSR Mars 1
June 16, 1963 Woman in space USSR Vostok 6
July 19, 1963 Reusable Manned Spacecraft (suborbital) USA-NASA X-15 Flight 90
October 12, 1964 Multi-man crew (3) USSR Voskhod 1
March 18, 1965 Extra-vehicular activity USSR Voskhod 2
April 6, 1965 Commercial communications satellite Intelsat Intelsat 1
December 15, 1965 Orbital rendezvous (parallel flight, no docking) USA-NASA Gemini 6A/Gemini 7
February 3, 1966 Soft landing on another world (the Moon)
Photos from another world 		USSR Luna 9
March 1, 1966 Landing on another planet (Venus) USSR Venera 3
April 3, 1966 Artificial satellite around another world (the Moon) USSR Luna 10
April 23, 1967 Spaceflight casualty USSR Soyuz 1
October 30, 1967 Unmanned rendezvous with docking USSR Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188
January 16, 1969 Manned docking and exchange of crew USSR Soyuz 4/Soyuz 5
July 21, 1969 Human on the Moon USA-NASA Apollo 11
September 24, 1970 Automatic sample return from the Moon USSR Luna 16
November 23, 1970 Lunar rover USSR Lunokhod 1
December 15, 1970 Soft landing on another planet (Venus)
Signals from another planet 		USSR Venera 7
April 23, 1971 Space station USSR Salyut 1
December 1971 Orbit around Mars USSR Mars 2
November 27, 1971 Mars landing USSR Mars 2
December 2, 1971 Soft Mars landing
signals from Mars surface 		USSR Mars 2
July 15, 1975 Multinational manned mission USSR USA-NASA Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
October 20, 1975 Orbit around another planet (Venus) USSR Venera 9
October 22, 1975 Photos from the surface of another planet (Venus) USSR Venera 9

Project Vanguard was transferred from the NRL to NASA immediately before launch.

Post-1975

Date First Success Country Mission Name
March 2 1978 Non-American and non-Soviet in space USSR Czechoslovakia Soyuz 28
April 12 1981 Reusable manned spacecraft (orbital) USA-NASA Columbia
March 1 1982 Venus soil samples & sound recording of another world USSR Venera 13
June 13 1983 Spacecraft beyond the orbit of Neptune USA-NASA Pioneer 10
July 25 1984 Extra-vehicular activity by a woman USSR Salyut 7
December 2 1990 Commercial manned-spaceflight USSR Japan Soyuz TM-11
July 7 1998 Submarine-launched spacecraft Russia K-407
April 28 2001 Space tourist Russia USA Soyuz TM-32
October 15 2003 Third nation to achieve manned spaceflight China Shenzhou 5
June 21 2004 Private human spaceflight / spacecraft (suborbital) USA-MAV SpaceShipOne 15P

In addition, virtually all manned duration records have been set by the USSR, due largely to their Salyut/Mir series of space stations.

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