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| The '''Estonian Government in Exile''' existed from ] to ], and has ''de jure'' recongition from western powers. | The '''Estonian Government in Exile''' existed from ] to ], and has ''de jure'' recongition from western powers. | ||
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The Estonian Government in Exile existed from 1940 to 1992, and has de jure recongition from western powers.
After Soviet Union annexed Estonia, President Konstantin Päts was arrested by new authorities and, finnaly, died as a prisoner in USRR in 1956.
Then Government of Prime Minister Jüri Uluots, first in underground, continued work and was still constitutional authority, even without a effective power, because most of Estonian didn't recongize new Soviet authorities as rightful (and supported cabined remained in secret), and western powers, like United States, United Kingdom, France, as well as Vatican, also had found annexion of Baltic States as illegal and didn't recongise new borders nor had diplomatic relations with puppet authorities.
After Soviets arrested most of cabinet, rest of them, including Uluots, fled to Sweden, and became an exile government. After Päts arrestation, Uluots became a Prime Minister with duties of the President.
Until 1991 western powers still didn't recongised annexion of Estonia, and gave Government operated in Stockholm formal recongition. In contrast to i.e. Polish Government in Exile after World War III (who had much more significant), Estonian had a diplomatic relations with major countries.
After dissolution of the USSR, last Prime Minister and Acting President Heinrich Mark, had ended work of exile cabinet and presented creditials to incoming President Lennart Meri (served 1992-2001), and formally found new authorities as rightful and continnuation of pre-war traditions.
However, some small groups in Exile still claims, that Estonia is "under occupation" (because of, as the says, large Russian minority), and acts as Government in Exile. But they have no recongition from any state and have no support in country.
List of Prime Ministers in duties of the President in Exile
- Jüri Uluots (June 24, 1940 – July 9, 1945)
- August Rei (January 9, 1945 – March 29, 1963)
- Aleksander Warma (March 29, 1963 – December 23, 1970)
- Tõnis Kint December 23, 1970 – March 1, 1990
- Heinrich Mark (March 1, 1990 – October 8, 1992)