| Revision as of 14:12, 24 May 2005 view sourceSam Korn (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users22,849 editsm Reverted edits by 70.88.129.205 to last version by Deeceevoice← Previous edit | Revision as of 21:55, 26 May 2005 view source 67.49.57.242 (talk) Fuck NiggersNext edit → | ||
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| ] commit most of the ] and cause most problems in general. However ]will soon wipe them all out. The white man is the ] Death to all Niggers ] ] and ] | |||
| '''African Americans''', also known as '''Afro-Americans''' or '''Black Americans''', are an ethnic group in the ] whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to ] and ]. Many African Americans also have ]an and/or ] ancestors. | |||
| My eyes have seen the glory of the trampling at the zoo, we washed ourselves in niggers blood and all the mongrols too. Were taking down the ZOG machine jew by jew by jew THE WHITE MAN MARCHES ON! | |||
| ==Alternative terms== | |||
| Terms for African Americans used at various points in ] include '']es'', '']'', '']'' and ''Afro-Americans''. ''Negro'' and ''colored'' are now less commonly used and considered by many to be dated, if not derogatory. ''African American'', ''black'' and, to a lesser extent, ''Afro-American'' are used interchangeably today, but often incorrectly. The term ''African American'' as originally coined refers to only those descended from a relative handful of black, colonial ] and the estimated 10 to 11 million Africans who arrived in the U.S. as ]. In slightly broader usage, the term also includes black, ] immigrants, whose African ancestors also survived the ]. "African American" generally does not include Afro-], who tend to use the term "Latino" or "Hispanic," or to recent African immigrants, who usually adopt country-of-origin identifiers. However, the term properly can be applied to nearly all black citizens of the United States. Despite its literal meaning, the term properly does not include whites, ] or ] of African origin. | |||
| ] | |||
| ==Current Demographics== | |||
| ] | |||
| According to ] U.S. ] figures, some 37.1 million African Americans live in the United States, comprising 12.9 percent of the total population. At the time of the ] Census, 54.8 percent of African Americans lived in the South. In that year, 17.6 percent of African Americans lived in the Northeast and 18.7 percent in the Midwest, while only 8.9 percent lived in the western states. Almost 88 percent of African Americans lived in metropolitan areas in 2000. With over 2 million African American residents, ] had the largest black urban population in the United States in 2000. Among cities of 100,000 or more, ], ], had the highest percentage of black residents of any U.S. city in 2000, with 85 percent, followed closely by ], ], with 83 percent. | |||
| ==African-American history== | |||
| ''Main article: ]'' | |||
| Africans were sold and traded into bondage and shipped to the American South from ] until the 19th century. In ], slave importation was nominally outlawed but this was widely disregarded. By ], there were 3.5 million slaves in the South, and another 500,000 African Americans lived free across the country. ] was a controversial issue in American society and politics. The growth of ], which opposed the institution of slavery, culminated in the ] election of President ], and was one reason for the secession of the ] which lead to the ]. | |||
| The ] of ] declared all slaves existing in the Confederacy to be free under U.S. law. The ], ratified in 1865, freed the remaining slaves in states that had not seceded. During ], African Americans in the South obtained the right to vote and to hold public office, as well as a number of other civil rights they previously had been denied. However, when ] ended in ], southern, white landowners reinstituted a regime of ] and ], and with it a wave of lynchings and other vigilante violence. | |||
| The desperate conditions of African Americans in the South that sparked the ] of the early ], combined with a growing African-American intellectual and cultural elite in the North, led to a strengthening movement to fight violence and discrimination against African Americans. One of the most prominent of these groups, the ], led a series of legal battles in the ] to overturn ] segregation, culminating in the landmark '']'' decision. | |||
| As segregation began to crumble in the South, the modern day ] emerged, which reached its peak in the ] under leaders such as Dr. ], Jr. and ]. At the same time, other leaders, such as ] and ], called for African Americans to embrace ] and black self-empowerment, propounding ideas of black unity and solidarity. | |||
| ==Contemporary issues== | |||
| ''Main article: ]'' | |||
| Many African Americans have improved their social and economic standing since the Civil Rights Movement, and recent ]s have witnessed the expansion of a vibrant, black ] across the United States. However, collectively, African Americans remain at an economic, educational and social disadvantage relative to whites. Economically, the median income of African Americans is roughly 60% that of whites. Persistent social problems for many African Americans include inadequate healthcare access and delivery; institutional racism and discrimination in housing, education, policing, criminal justice and employment; crime; and substance abuse. African Americans are frequently the targets of ]. They are more likely to be stopped by police simply because of their ethnicity. They are also more likely to be incarcerated. African Americans also have higher prevalence of some chronic health conditions relative to the general population. These problems and potential remedies have been the subject of intense public policy debate in the United States in general, and within the African-American community in particular. | |||
| ==Culture== | |||
| ''Main article: ]'' | |||
| African-American culture is an amalgam of influences, the most persistent of which has been the cultural imprint of Africa. The first slaves to arrive in America brought African languages, music, religious practices, foods and foodways, value systems and other cultural traditions with them. Over time, these aspects of African culture have blended with other influences to form a unique culture. | |||
| ] is one of the most pervasive African-American cultural influences in the United States today. ], ], ], ], and other contemporary American musical forms evolved from ], ], and ], which themselves evolved from the ] sung by slaves. The music of slaves has its roots in the call and response of West African music. ] (AAVE) is a dialect of English commonly spoken by African Americans. AAVE has had a noticeable effect on the development of ], particularly in the South, and has become well-known worldwide due to the expanding influence of American culture overseas. | |||
| Many African American authors have written stories, poems, and essays influenced by their experiences as African Americans. Famous examples include ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| ==The term ''African American''== | |||
| ===Political overtones=== | |||
| The term '''African American''' carries important political overtones. Previous terms used to identify American blacks were conferred upon the group by whites and were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which became tools of white supremacy and oppression. There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of their own choosing. | |||
| With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment of the late 1960s and early 1970s, ''Negro'' fell into disfavor among many American blacks. It had taken on a moderate, accommodationist, even ], connotation. The period was a time when growing numbers of blacks in the U.S., particularly black youth, celebrated their blackness and their historical and cultural ties with the African continent. They defiantly embraced ''black'' as a group identifier—a term they themselves had repudiated only two decades earlier—a term often associated in English with things negative and undesirable, proclaiming, "]." | |||
| By the 1990s, the terms ''Afro-American'' and ''African American'' began to reemerge, this time for many as self-referential terms of choice. Just as other ethnic groups in American society historically had adopted names descriptive of their families' geographical points of origin (such as ''Italian American'', ''Irish American'', ''Polish American''), many blacks in America expressed a preference for a similar term. Because of the historical circumstances surrounding the capture, enslavement and systematic attempts to de-Africanize blacks in the U.S. under chattel slavery, most American blacks are unable to trace their ancestry to a specific African nation; hence, the entire continent serves as a geographic marker. | |||
| For many, ''African American'' is more than a name expressive of cultural and historical roots. The term expresses black pride and a sense of kinship and solidarity with others of the black African ]—an embracing of the notion of pan-Africanism earlier enunciated by prominent black thinkers such as ], ] and, later, ]. | |||
| A discussion of the term ''African American'' and related terms can be found in the journal article "The Politicization of Changing Terms of Self Reference Among American Slave Descendants" in ''American Speech'' v 66 is 2 Summer 1991 p. 133-46. | |||
| ===Who is African American?=== | |||
| To be considered African American in the ], not even half of one's ancestry must be black. But will one quarter do, or one-eighth, or less? The nation's answer to the question "Who is black?" long has been that a black is any person with any known black African ancestry. This definition reflects the long experience with ], ], ], and, later, with ]. | |||
| In the southern United States, it became known as the '']'', meaning that a single drop of "black blood" makes a person black. Some courts have called it the ''traceable amount rule'', and ] call it the ''hypo-descent rule'', meaning that racially mixed persons are assigned the status of the subordinate group. This definition emerged from the American South to become America's national definition, generally accepted by whites and blacks -- but for different reasons. White supremacists, whose motivation was ], considered anyone with black ancestry tainted, inherently inferior morally and intellectually and, thus, subordinate. During slavery, there was also a strong economic incentive to maximize the number of individuals who could be owned, bred, worked, traded and sold outright as human chattel. The designation of anyone possessing any trace of African ancestry as black, and, therefore, of subordinate status to whites, guaranteed a source of free or cheap labor during slavery and for decades afterward. For blacks, the one-drop system of racial designation was a significant factor in ethnic solidarity. Blacks generally shared a common lot in society and, therefore, common cause -- regardless of their ethnic admixture and social and economic stratification. | |||
| The ] formalized the legal status of this rule in '']'' (]), where the Court affirmed the legality of racial segregation and upheld the State of ]'s ruling that, despite being 7/8 white, ]'s one black great-grandparent rendered him legally black and, therefore, subject to being barred from whites-only railway carriages. | |||
| In the last decade, a growing movement has developed, spearheaded mostly by the parents of mixed children, towards the adoption and acceptance of the term '']''. Some bi-racial blacks also refer to themselves as ''mixed'', when, in fact, virtually all African-Americans are mixed. In the mid 1970s, New York's '']'' reported that more than 80% of African Americans possessed Native American ancestry; other studies report a lower, though still significant, percentage. Native Americans often took in runaway bondsmen and women and accepted them as members of their tribes, and there is a lengthy history of peaceful coexistence, intermarriage and fighting alliances against whites between Native Americans and African-Americans. Some Native American tribes, notably the Cherokee, held African-American slaves. Further, recent genetic tests on a small population of African Americans revealed their ancestry to be, on average, approximately 19 percent ]. | |||
| Additionally, throughout U.S. history, very fair persons with straight hair sometimes chose to "]" as white to escape racism and discrimination, oftentimes completely separating themselves from contact with darker members of their family. This was a dangerous action, in light of anti-] laws, social attitudes and ]. Many lived in constant fear of producing children with telltale African features or being otherwise discovered. | |||
| ===Terms no longer in common use=== | |||
| The term '']'', which was widely used until the ], today increasingly is considered passé and, in some quarters, inappropriate or derogatory. It is still fairly commonly used by older individuals and in the Deep South. Once widely considered acceptable, ''Negro'' fell into disfavor for reasons already herein stated. The self-referential term of preference for ''Negro'' became ''black''. | |||
| ''Negroid'' is a term used by European anthropologists in the 18th and 19th centuries to describe indigenous Africans and their descendants throughout the African diaspora. As with most descriptors of ] based on inconsistent, unscientific phenotypical standards, the term is meaningless. For example, the term historically has not been used to describe physically similar people living other parts of the world, such as India, Indonesia and Australia. | |||
| Other largely defunct, seldom used terms to refer to African-Americans are '']'' and '']''. The American use of the term ''mulatto'' originally was used to mean the offspring of a "pure African black" and a "pure European white". The Latin root of the word is ''mulo'', as in "mule", implying incorrectly that, like mules, which are horse-donkey hybrids, mulattoes are sterile crosses of two different species. For example, in the early twentieth century, African-American leaders such as ] and ], who had slaves as mothers and white fathers, were referred to as mulattoes. While not as common as "mixed" or "biracial," or even "multiracial," ''mulatto'' is still sometimes used to refer to people of mixed parentage and, despite its origin, is not considered derogatory in certain western societal groups. | |||
| The term ''quadroon'' referred to a person who was of one-fourth African descent, perhaps someone born to a Caucasian father and a mulatto mother. Someone of one-eighth African descent was technically an ''octoroon'', although the term often was used to refer to any white person with even a hint of black ancestry. | |||
| ''Mulatto'' and terms with the ''-roon'' suffix persisted in a social context for a number of decades, but by the mid twentieth century, they no longer were in common use. With the end of slavery, there was no longer a strong commercial incentive to classify blacks by their African-European ancestral admixture. The use of these terms, however, does still persist in electronic media, literature and in some social settings. | |||
| ==African-American population of the United States== | |||
| The following gives the African-American population of the United States over time, based on U.S. Census figures. (Numbers from years 1920 to 2000 are based on U.S. Census figures as given on page 377 of the Time Almanac of 2005. | |||
| {| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 | |||
| ! Year || Number || Percentage of total population | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1790 || 757,208 || 19.3% (highest historic percentage) | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1800 || 1,002,037 || 18.9% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1810 || 1,377,808 || 19.0% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1820 || 1,771,656 || 18.4% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1830 || 2,328,642 || 18.1% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1840 || 2,873,648 || 16.8% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1850 || 3,638,808 || 15.7% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1860 || 4,441,830 || 14.1% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1870 || 4,880,009 || 12.7% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1880 || 6,580,793 || 13.1% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1890 || 7,488,788 || 11.9% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1900 || 8,833,994 || 11.6% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1910 || 9,827,763 || 10.7% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1920 || 10.5 million || 9.9% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1930 || 11.9 million || 9.7% (lowest historic percentage) | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1940 || 12.9 million || 9.8% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1950 || 15.0 million || 10.0% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1960 || 18.9 million || 10.5% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1970 || 22.6 million || 11.1% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1980 || 26.5 million || 11.7% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 1990 || 30.0 million || 12.1% | |||
| |- | |||
| | 2000 || 34.6 million || 12.3% (current percentage) | |||
| |} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
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| *], ] | |||
| *Terminology: ], ], ] | |||
| *] | |||
| **] | |||
| **] | |||
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| ==External links== | |||
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| *, Original 1860s | |||
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Revision as of 21:55, 26 May 2005
Niggers commit most of the crime and cause most problems in general. However AIDSwill soon wipe them all out. The white man is the Master Race Death to all Niggers Jews Spics and chinks
My eyes have seen the glory of the trampling at the zoo, we washed ourselves in niggers blood and all the mongrols too. Were taking down the ZOG machine jew by jew by jew THE WHITE MAN MARCHES ON!
