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| The '''North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA)''' is a ] and ]-based unincorporated organization that ] the legalization of ] sexual relations between adult males and young boys. NAMBLA defends what it claims to be the right of minors to explore their sexuality more freely with older men. It has resolved to "end the oppression of men and boys who have freely chosen mutually consenting relationships," in spite of the overwhelming consensus that such relationships are ] where the ] is unable to give ]. It also calls for "the adoption of laws that both protect children from unwanted sexual experiences and at the same time leave them free to determine the content of their own sexual experiences."<ref>Radow, Roy (1994). ''</ref> NAMBLA's webpage states that: "NAMBLA does not provide encouragement, referrals or assistance for people seeking sexual contacts" and that it does not <nowiki>"engage in any activities that violate the law advocate that anyone else should ."</nowiki><ref></ref> | |||
| NAMBLA holds an annual gathering in New York City and monthly meetings around the country.<ref>Soto, Onell R. (2005). '', San Diego Union-Tribune, 18 February.</ref> In the early 1980s, NAMBLA was reported to have had over 300 members, and was supported by such noted figures as ].<ref></ref> Since then, the organization has kept membership data private, but an undercover ] investigation in 1995 discovered that there were 1,100 people on the rolls.{{ref label|soto|4|a}} It is the largest organization in the umbrella group ]<ref></ref> (formerly "International Pedophile and Child Emancipation").<ref></ref> | |||
| Since 1995, ] and law enforcement infiltration have heavily impaired the organization. Its national headquarters now consists of little more than a private mail box service in San Francisco, and inquiries are rarely responded to; it has essentially ceased to exist. Some reports state that the group no longer has regular national meetings and few local monthly meetings.<ref>] (2001). "," Boston Magazine.</ref> | |||
| == Platform and positions == | |||
| ] | |||
| NAMBLA describes itself as a "support group for intergenerational relationships," and uses the slogan "sexual freedom for all." According to the group's web site, its aim is to "support the rights of youth as well as adults to choose the partners with whom they wish to share and enjoy their bodies."{{ref label|who-we-are|3|b}} | |||
| One of the group's arguments is that ] laws unnecessarily criminalize sexual relationships between adults and minors (particularly boys).<ref>NAMBLA's Official Position Papers, Oct. 12, 1996.</ref> In 1980 a NAMBLA general meeting passed a resolution, which said: "(1) The North American Man/Boy Love Association calls for the abolition of age-of-consent and all other laws which prevent men and boys from freely enjoying their bodies. (2) We call for the release of all men and boys imprisoned by such laws."{{ref label|positions-1996|6|a}} This policy was still in NAMBLA's "official position papers" in 1996. | |||
| According to ], a NAMBLA principal and one of the many NAMBLA members being sued in ] by parents, for allegedly encouraging the rape and murder of their son,<ref>CNN (2001). "</ref> NAMBLA has opposed ], ], and ]ping, and has declared that sexual exploitation is grounds for expulsion from the group.<ref>Radow, Roy (1994). ""</ref> | |||
| Although some sources allege that NAMBLA has used the slogan "sex by eight is too late,"<ref> for Massachusetts Senate Bill 2175</ref> this motto is properly attributed to the ]. | |||
| == History == | |||
| NAMBLA emerged from the tumultuous political atmosphere of the 1970s, particularly from the wing of the ] movement that followed the 1969 ] in ]. Although discussion of gay adult-minor sex did take place, gay rights groups immediately following the Stonewall riot were more concerned with issues of police harassment, nondiscrimination in employment, health care and other issues. | |||
| Not until a "sex ring" of underage boys brought intense media scrutiny in ] in the closing weeks of 1977, and police raided the ]-area gay newspaper '']'' for publishing an article by ] titled "" did the subject of adult-minor sex garner enough attention to prompt the formation of a group like NAMBLA. | |||
| === The founding of NAMBLA === | |||
| In December 1977, police raided a house in the Boston suburb of ]. Twenty-four men were arrested and indicted on over 100 felony counts of the ] of boys aged eight to fifteen. Suffolk County District Attorney ] alleged that the men used drugs and ]s to lure the boys into a house, where they photographed them as they engaged in sexual activity. Byrne accused the men of being members of a "sex ring", and said that the arrest was only "the tip of the iceberg."<ref>Trinward, Steve (2006). " FMNN, 16 January.</ref> The arrests sparked intense media coverage, and local newspapers published the photographs and personal information of the accused men. | |||
| Staff members of the gay newspaper '']'' believed the raid was politically motivated. They and others in Boston's gay community saw Byrne's round-up as an anti-gay ]. On ] they organized the ], a name intended as a reference to a similar situation that unfolded in ], ] in the 1950s. The group sponsored rallies, provided funds for the defendants, and tried to educate the public about the case by passing out fliers. It would also later spawn NAMBLA. | |||
| District Attorney Garrett Byrne was defeated in his re-election bid. The new DA said that no man should fear prison for having sex with a teenager unless coercion was involved. All charges were dropped. The few who had already pled or been found guilty received only probation.<ref>O'Carrol, Tom (1980). ''Pedophilia: The Radical Case'', .</ref> | |||
| On ], ], ] of the Boston-Boise Committee convened a meeting called "Man/Boy Love and the Age of Consent." Approximately 150 people attended. At the meeting's conclusion, about thirty men and youths decided to form an organization which they called the North American Man/Boy Love Association, or NAMBLA for short. | |||
| === Ostracism === | |||
| Immediately following the ], some U.S. and Canadian gay rights organizations advocated the abolition of age-of-consent laws, believing that gay liberation for minors implied the permission to engage in sexual relationships.<ref>Warner, Tom. ''Never Going Back.'' (Toronto: University of Toronto, 2002), 120.</ref> The Gay Activists Alliance (GAA), a group which splintered from the ] in December of 1969, opposed age-of-consent laws and hosted a forum on the topic in 1976. In 1972 Chicago's Gay Activists Alliance and New York's Gay Activists Alliance jointly sponsored a conference that brought together gay rights activists from eighty-five different gay rights organizations and eighteen states.<ref>Armstrong, Elizabeth A. ''Forging Gay Identities''. (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2002), 100.</ref> At the conference these approximately 200 activists coalesced to form the ], and drafted and passed a "Gay Rights Platform" which called for the "repeal of all laws governing the age of sexual consent." The Canadian Lesbian and Gay Rights Coalition, also known as the National Gay Rights Coalition (NGRC), supported eliminating age-of-consent laws, as did Gay Alliance Toward Equality (GATE).<ref>Smith, Miriam Catherine. ''Lesbian and Gay Rights in Canada''. (Toronto: University of Toronto, 1999), 60-61.</ref> | |||
| The relative acceptance or indifference to opposition of the age-of-consent began to change at the same time as accusations that gays were child pornographers and child molesters became common. Only weeks apart in 1977 both Judianne Densen-Gerber, founder of the New York drug rehabilitation center Odyssey House, and former beauty queen ] launched separate campaigns targeting gays. Densen-Gerber alleged that gays produced and sold child pornography on a massive scale, while Anita Bryant's "Save Our Children" campaign sought to portray all gays as child molesters. "The recruitment of our children," Bryant argued, "is absolutely necessary for the survival and growth of homosexuality." Bryant's campaign focusing on the alleged "recruitment" of boys by gay men succeeded in overturning a law that had protected civil rights for gays in ]. As a result, the age-of-consent issue became a hotly debated topic within the gay community, and disputes over the age of consent issue within and between gay rights groups — many of which directly or indirectly involved NAMBLA — began to occur on an increasingly frequent basis. | |||
| Disagreement was evident following the conference that organized the first gay march on Washington in 1979. In addition to forming several working committees, the conference was responsible for drafting the basic organizing principles of the march ("the five demands" <nowiki></nowiki>). Originally, the Gay Youth Caucus had won approval for its proposal demanding "Full Rights for Gay Youth, including revision of the age of consent laws." However at the first meeting of the National Coordinating Committee, a contingent of lesbians threatened not to participate in the march unless a substitute was adopted. The substitute, authored by an adult lesbian and approved in a mail poll by a majority of delegates, stated: "Protect Lesbian and Gay Youth from any laws which are used to discriminate against, oppress, and/or harass them in their homes, schools, job and social environments."<ref>Thorstad, David. "Man/Boy Love and the American Gay Movement," Journal of Homosexuality): 251-274.</ref> | |||
| In 1980 a group called the "Lesbian Caucus – Lesbian & Gay Pride March Committee" distributed a hand-out urging women to split from the annual New York City Gay Pride March because the organizing committee had supposedly been dominated by NAMBLA and its supporters.{{ref label|thors|13|a}} The next year, after some lesbians threatened to picket, the ] gay group Gay PAC (Gay People at Cornell) rescinded its invitation to NAMBLA founder ] to be the keynote speaker at the annual May Gay Festival.{{ref label|thors|13|b}} In the following years, gay rights groups attempted to block NAMBLA’s participation in gay pride parades, prompting leading gay rights figure ] to wear a sign proclaiming "NAMBLA walks with me" as he participated in a 1986 gay pride march in Los Angeles. | |||
| Thus by the mid-1980s, NAMBLA was virtually alone in its positions and found itself politically isolated. Gay rights organizations, burdened by accusations of child recruitment and child abuse, had abandoned the radicalism of their early years and had "retreat from the idea of a more inclusive politics,"<ref>Johnson, Matthew D. (2004). ''''. An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture.</ref> opting instead to appeal more to the mainstream. Support for "groups perceived as being on the fringe of the gay community," such as NAMBLA, vanished in the process.{{ref label|glbt-enc|14|a}} Today almost all gay rights groups disavow any ties to NAMBLA, voice disapproval of its objectives, and attempt to prevent NAMBLA from having a role in gay and lesbian rights events. | |||
| === The International Lesbian and Gay Association controversy === | |||
| The case of ] (ILGA) illustrates this opposition. In 1993, ILGA, of which NAMBLA had been a member for a decade, achieved ] consultative status. NAMBLA's association with ILGA drew heavy criticism, and many gay organizations called for the ILGA to dissolve ties with NAMBLA. Republican Senator ] proposed a bill to withhold $119 million in U.N. contributions until U.S. President ] could certify that "no UN agency grants any official status, accreditation, or recognition to any organization which promotes, condones, or seeks the legalization of pedophilia, that is, the sexual abuse of children". The bill was unanimously approved by Congress and signed into law by Clinton in April 1994. | |||
| ILGA had passed a resolution in 1985 which stated that "young people have the right to sexual and social self-determination and that age of consent laws often operate to oppress and not to protect." In spite of this apparent agreement with NAMBLA on the age of consent issue just nine years before, ILGA, by a vote of 214-30 expelled NAMBLA and two other groups (] and ]) in early 1994 because they were judged to be "groups whose predominant aim is to support or promote pedophilia." Although ILGA removed NAMBLA, the U.N. reversed its decision to grant ILGA special consultative status. Repeated attempts by ILGA to reacquire special status with the U.N. have not been successful ], but the group does exercise consultative status with the ]. | |||
| Gregory King of the ] later said that "NAMBLA is not a gay organization ... They are not part of our community and we thoroughly reject their efforts to insinuate that pedophilia is an issue related to gay and lesbian civil rights."<ref>Gamson, Joshua (1997). ''Messages of Exclusion: Gender, Movements, and Symbolic Boundaries''. Gender and Society 11(2):178-199. ()</ref> NAMBLA responded by claiming that "man/boy love is by definition homosexual," that "man/boy lovers are part of the gay movement and central to gay history and culture," and that "homosexuals denying that it is 'not gay' to be attracted to adolescent boys are just as ludicrous as heterosexuals saying it's 'not heterosexual' to be attracted to adolescent girls."{{ref label|gamson-1997|15|a}} | |||
| === 1990s === | |||
| In 1994 the ] (GLAAD) adopted a "Position Statement Regarding NAMBLA" saying GLAAD "deplores the North American Man Boy Love Association's (NAMBLA) goals, which include advocacy for sex between adult men and boys and the removal of legal protections for children. These goals constitute a form of child abuse and are repugnant to GLAAD." Also in 1994 the Board of Directors of the ] (NGLTF) adopted a resolution on NAMBLA that said: "NGLTF condemns all abuse of minors, both sexual and any other kind, perpetrated by adults. Accordingly, NGLTF condemns the organizational goals of NAMBLA and any other such organization." | |||
| In 1996 co-founder David Thorstad complained that, "The Bulletin is turning into a semi-pornographic jerk-off mag for pedophiles." Other members insisted that the group only had a minority who were pedophiles, with the majority being ].<ref></ref> | |||
| Documents relating to the court case ''] and others'' provide further information on NAMBLA's structure and activities. In March 2003 Judge ] of the Massachusetts federal court found that in the 1990s (the period being considered by the court), NAMBLA was controlled by a national Steering Committee, "a group which purposefully directed NAMBLA's outreach activities generally." | |||
| The court documents also shed light on some of NAMBLA's activities, including that: | |||
| <blockquote>"NAMBLA was established as an unincorporated association in 1978 to encourage public acceptance of consensual sexual relationships between men and boys. Its principal place of business is New York, and its primary mechanisms of public outreach include its ''Bulletin'', a quarterly publication sent to dues-paying members... ''Gayme Magazine'', a NAMBLA publication mailed periodically to dues-paying members and sold at some bookstores; a NAMBLA website... TOPICS, a series of booklets providing more focused consideration of issues related to "man-boy love"; a prison newsletter; Ariel's Pages, a NAMBLA project through which literature concerning "man-boy love" was sold; and membership conferences.<br><br> | |||
| "The Steering Committee, through several of its members, also formed "Zymurgy, Inc.," a Delaware corporation, which was operated as a profit-making arm of NAMBLA. Although the defendants describe the ''Bulletin'', ''Gayme Magazine'', Ariel's Pages, and Zymurgy, Inc. as separate and distinct from NAMBLA, it appears from the materials submitted, including minutes of Steering Committee meetings, that the Steering Committee controlled all of these entities, providing monies to initiate and support various projects and freely transferring funds among them."<br><br> | |||
| "In addition to managing NAMBLA's financial matters, the Steering Committee also directed the association's policy, political, legal, and public relations efforts. Steering Committee members held frequent meetings and retreats during which they discussed NAMBLA's public image, formulated the association's outreach efforts, and nominated spokespersons. Members of the Steering Committee in close coordination with each other, created and maintained NAMBLA's website, and wrote, marketed, sold, and otherwise disseminated a variety of publications. Working in Massachusetts, William Andriette served as the editor of the ''Bulletin'' and ''Gayme Magazine''. He did not act alone but rather under the supervision of the Steering Committee in producing these publications and in holding himself out as a NAMBLA spokesman.<br><br> | |||
| "In addition to the financial support and supervision provided by the full Steering Committee, the content of the ''Bulletin'' was guided by the "Bulletin Collective," an editorial board comprising NAMBLA members from across the country who contributed and edited articles, screened photos and pictures, and participated in coordinating the production and distribution of the publication."</blockquote> | |||
| Judge O'Toole found that ], Dennis Bejin, Joe Power, David Miller (also known as David Menasco), Peter Melzer (also known as Peter Herman), Arnold Schoen (also known as Floyd Conaway), Dennis Mintun, Chris Farrell, Tim Bloomquist, Tecumseh Brown, Gary Hann, Peter Reed, Robert Schwartz, Walter Bieder and Leyland Stevenson were or had been members of the NAMBLA Steering Committee or had held other leading positions in the organization. | |||
| === Today === | |||
| More recently, media reports have suggested that for practical purposes the group no longer exists and that it consists only of a web site maintained by a few enthusiasts.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} NAMBLA maintains a web site that shows addresses in ] and ] and a phone contact in New York, and offers publications for sale, including the NAMBLA Bulletin. | |||
| == Criticism and response == | |||
| Some gay groups, ] groups, anti-sexual abuse organizations, law enforcement agencies and other critics see NAMBLA as a front for the criminal sexual exploitation of children. They say NAMBLA functions as a meeting place for male ] and ] and their sympathizers. Opponents also argue that pre-] children in particular are not capable of giving consent and that the power imbalance between adults and children makes any sexual relationship exploitative. A number of NAMBLA members have been charged with and convicted of sexual offenses against children. | |||
| Onell R. Soto, a ''San Diego Union-Tribune'' writer, wrote in February 2005: "Law enforcement officials and mental health professionals say that while NAMBLA's membership numbers are small, the group has a dangerous ripple effect through the Internet by sanctioning the behavior of those who would abuse children."{{ref label|soto|4|b}} | |||
| Suspicion pertaining to the group's activities led both the U.S. Senate and U.S. Postal Service to conduct investigations of the group, both of which concluded without allegations of legal impropriety. | |||
| NAMBLA responds to the criticism that it is a "front for criminal and sexual exploitation of children" and that it advocates sex between men and boys by stating unequivocally that "NAMBLA does not engage in any activities that violate the law, nor do we advocate that anyone else should do so".{{ref label|who-we-are|3|b}} Since sex between adults and minors is illegal, it is presumably included in NAMBLA's avoidance of advocating activities that violate the law. | |||
| NAMBLA rejects the widely held view that sex between adults and minors is always harmful, arguing that "the outcomes of personal experiences between adults and younger people primarily depend upon whether their relationships were consensual."<ref>"</ref> In support of this position NAMBLA cites research such as '']'', which was published in the ] in 1998. NAMBLA devoted a web page to a brief overview of the study under the heading "The Good News About Man/Boy Love," and claimed the study showed, "On average, nearly 70% of males in the studies reported that as children or adolescents their sexual experiences with adults had been positive or neutral."<ref>"." 2003.</ref> Some researchers dispute the findings of this ].<ref>.</ref> | |||
| Gay rights groups opposed to NAMBLA contend that their reason for disavowing NAMBLA has always been their sharing of the general public's disdain for pedophilia and ] (as expressed in issues statements). These gay rights groups reject NAMBLA's claims of an analogy between the campaign for gay and lesbian equality and the abolition of age-of-consent laws, and view NAMBLA's rhetoric about "the sexual rights of youth" as a cover for its members' "real agenda". | |||
| Some, like ]<ref>Califa, Pat (1994). "The Aftermath of the Great Kiddy-Porn Panic of '77," ''The Culture of Radical Sex.''</ref> argue that politics played an important role in the gay community's rejection of NAMBLA. Califia says that although the gay rights mainstream never committed itself to NAMBLA or its platform, neither did it actively ostracise NAMBLA until opponents of gay rights used the group to link gay rights with child abuse and "recruitment." As evidence, subscribers to this theory point to statements made by prominent gay activists which contain political assessments of NAMBLA's impact on gay rights. One such statement was made by gay rights lobbyist Steve Endean. Endean, who opposed NAMBLA, said: "What NAMBLA is doing is tearing apart the movement. If you attach it to gay rights, gay rights will never happen." Gay author and activist Edmund White made a similar statement in his book ''States of Desire'': "That's the politics of self-indulgence. Our movement cannot survive the man-boy issue. It's not a question of who's right, it's a matter of political naivete." | |||
| Mike Echols, the author of ''I Know My First Name is Steven'', the true story of the kidnap and ] of ], infiltrated NAMBLA and his observations are recorded in his book. At one point he published the names, addresses and phone numbers of 80 suspected NAMBLA members on his website.<ref></ref> | |||
| On ] ], ] did an entire episode dedicated to ] and ] ]'s undercover investigative reports on ]. | |||
| == Related legal proceedings == | |||
| ===Criminal cases=== | |||
| Although NAMBLA itself has never been prosecuted, there have been a number of prosecutions of alleged NAMBLA members for sexual offences involving children or adolescents. | |||
| * One case involved a number of men arrested by the FBI in ] and ] in February 2005. Seven men were charged with planning to travel to ] to have sex with boys, the FBI said. An eighth man was charged with distributing ].{{ref label|soto|4|c}} According to a media report,{{ref label|soto|4|d}} the FBI believes that at least one of the arrested men is a member of NAMBLA's national leadership, a second organized the group's national convention last year and a third said he had been a member since the 1980s. | |||
| * Roy Radow, a self-described pedophile and member of the NAMBLA Steering Committee sometimes described as its chairman or spokesman, was arrested in 1996 for masturbating in front of a 12-year old boy. The trial ended in a ].<ref></ref> | |||
| * John David Smith, a San Francisco man, unwittingly spoke of his crimes to an undercover investigator who had infiltrated NAMBLA. Upon obtaining a warrant, the investigator also found ] in Smith's apartment. He was arrested in 1996 and was subsequently convicted of sexually assaulting an 11-year-old boy he was babysitting. Smith's membership in NAMBLA was raised at trial to prove his lascivious intent.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| * ], a ] priest convicted of abusing children as young as six years old over a period of three decades, allegedly participated in NAMBLA workshops and advocacy, according to contemporaneous accounts of the events obtained by the ].<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| * Johnathan Tampico was convicted of child molestation in 1989 and paroled in 1992 on condition that he not possess child pornography. After moving without informing authorities of his new address, he was found after a broadcast of ]. He was arrested and convicted on child pornography charges. In his sentencing, the court stated that Tampico was a member of NAMBLA, and that he and others frequently traveled to ] to have easy access to young boys. The court cited a number of ] pictures provided by Thai officials depicting Tampico with young Thai boys sitting on his lap as evidence of the latter claim.<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| * James C. Parker, a New York man who, according to court records, told the police that he was a member of NAMBLA, was arrested in 2000 and convicted in 2001 of committing sodomy with a young boy.<ref></ref> | |||
| * Alan J. Horowitz, an Orthodox Rabbi and adolescent psychiatrist, pleaded guilty in 1992 of sodomizing three boys ages seven to nine, and molesting one girl, aged 14. He had previously been convicted of molesting two boys in 1983. While in prison he wrote for the NAMBLA newsletter.<ref></ref> | |||
| === ''Curley v. NAMBLA'' === | |||
| {{main|Curley v. NAMBLA}} | |||
| In 2000, a Boston couple, Robert and Barbara Curley, sued NAMBLA. According to the Curley's suit, Charles Jaynes and Salvatore Sicari (who were convicted of murdering the Curleys' son, Jeffrey) "stalked Jeffrey Curley... and tortured, murdered and mutilated body on or about October 1, 1997. Upon information and belief immediately prior to said acts Charles Jaynes accessed NAMBLA's website at the Boston Public Library." According to police, Jaynes had eight issues of a NAMBLA publication in his home at the time of his arrest. The lawsuit further alleges that "NAMBLA serves as a conduit for an underground network of pedophiles in the United States who use their NAMBLA association and contacts therein and the Internet to obtain child pornography and promote pedophile activity."<ref></ref> | |||
| Citing cases in which NAMBLA members have been charged with and convicted of sexual offenses against children, Larry Frisoli, the attorney representing the Curleys, argued that it is a "training ground" for adults who wish to seduce children, in which men exchange strategies on how to find and ] child sex partners.<ref>Murdock, Deroy (2004). ""</ref> He also claims that NAMBLA has sold at its website what he calls "The Rape and Escape Manual" that details how to avoid being caught and prosecuted. | |||
| The ] stepped in to defend NAMBLA as a free speech matter and won a dismissal based on the fact that NAMBLA is organized as an unincorporated association, not a corporation. John Reinstein, the director of the ACLU Massachusetts, said that although NAMBLA "may extol conduct which is currently illegal", there was nothing on its website that "advocated or incited the commission of any illegal acts, including murder or rape".<ref>Reinstein, John. "ACLU Agrees to Represent NAMBLA in Freedom of Speech Case." ACLU of Massachusetts Press Release, 9 June 2003.</ref> The Curleys continued the suit as a wrongful death action against individual NAMBLA members, some of whom were active in the group's leadership.{{ref label|curley-v-nambla|21|a}} | |||
| The targets of the wrongful death suits were Roy Radow, Joe Power, David Miller, Peter Herman, Max Hunter, Arnold Schoen and ], a co-founder of NAMBLA and well-known writer. The Curleys alleged that Charles Jaynes and Salvatore Sicari, who were convicted of the rape and murder of their ten-year-old son Jeffrey, were NAMBLA members. | |||
| ] the wrongful death cases were still being considered by a Massachusetts federal court, with the American Civil Liberties Union assisting the defendants on the grounds that the suit violated their ] rights to free speech.{{ref label|murdock|2|a}} The American Civil Liberties Union makes it clear, however, that it does not endorse NAMBLA's objectives. "We've never taken a position that sexual-consent laws are beyond the state's power to legislate," John Reinstein, attorney for the Massachusetts branch of the American Civil Liberties Union, said in 1997. "I've never been able to fathom their position." (''Boston Globe'', October 9, 1997). | |||
| === Other civil cases === | |||
| In addition to ''Curley v. NAMBLA'', several other cases have been cited as evidence that NAMBLA serves as a meeting place or front for men who commit sexual crimes against children and adolescents. | |||
| * Peter Melzer served as a NAMBLA treasurer, Steering Committee Member, fundraiser, spokesman, and ''Bulletin'' editor. In his private life he was a tenured physics teacher at the elite ], where he had taught for over three decades. The school district knew of his membership in NAMBLA in 1985 but did not act as mere membership was not an adequate cause for discipline. In 1993 a local TV news expose revealed that he was a NAMBLA member. As a result the ] commissioned a report. The report states that Melzer had personally expressed a sexual interest in boys up to age 16, and that he had written about having acted on those desires. The report also asserts that, while he was editor, the NAMBLA ''Bulletin'' printed instructions for seducing young boys and avoiding law enforcement along with sensual accounts of sexual encounters between adults and minors. Further, the investigators claim not to find any significant attempts by NAMBLA to advocate for changing the age of consent laws, and claim that the self-definition of advocacy group is a misleading attempt by NAMBLA to cover itself with a political purpose. Melzer was removed as a school teacher, but no criminal charges were filed in connection with the matter. The case went as far as the federal appeals court, which affirmed the dismissal of Melzer in 2003.<ref>NYCSI, 1993 "", an objective investigation of NAMBLA and one of its officers. (PDF)</ref><ref></ref> | |||
| * In 2005, a NAMBLA member and self-professed pedophile, Kevin Brown, called<ref></ref> into Rick Roberts' radio show on KFMB in response to a ]1000 "bounty" Roberts had placed on the heads of NAMBLA members. Brown said that he felt calling into the show to " stand on behalf of the physical safety of NAMBLA members" was a moral imperative,<ref>http://unkind.atspace.com/seizure.html</ref> and stated that he would use the $1000 to finance a play he was writing which sympathetically depicted romance between adults and children. After hearing a child in the background, Roberts convinced Brown to clarify that he was a father. A little over one week and five days later, ] seized his 2-year-old son, citing an expired conviction for possession of child pornography and his alleged "support the sexual exploitation of minor children." Brown also lost his job and was divorced by his wife. He did not receive the $1000, and is currently seeking to have his child returned to him using legal remedies. | |||
| == In the popular media == | |||
| * The pedophile in Ron Handberg's 1992 novel '']'' who abuses over 30 young boys, is found to have boxes of ] from "a man-boy love association whose slogan is 'Sex After Eight is Too Late'" (this was the slogan of the ]). See also ]. | |||
| * NAMBLA is identified as a lobby group in ]'s '']'' (2004), and is also alluded to on '']'', often tagged on to an existing lobby group's acronym for the parody (''e.g.'', "The International Atomic Energy Agency, or NAMBLA "). '']'' acknowledged this in a clip retrospective on the July 27, 2006 episode, then turned the joke on its head by saying "However, for the record, the Daily Show has absolutely no affiliation with the North American Man/Boy Love Association or, as it's called, ]", and again on October 2, 2006, in response to the ], "The Foley saga quickly set leaders of the North American Man/Boy Love Association, or, ], into action." | |||
| * NAMBLA is referenced in an episode of ]. In the episode (Season 2, episode 3) In the sketch, NAMBLA is up for an advertising award for "Most Improved Image." The commercial played before the winner is announced features various men with black bars over their eyes enjoying a picnic, ending with the slogan "Nambla: We're not killers." | |||
| * Detectives in ] often ask suspects if they are in NAMBLA when they claim they had a consensual relationship with a minor. | |||
| * Skacore band ] feature a song called "Muppet N.A.M.B.L.A" on their ] "Rock The 40oz" EP. ] band ] included a song called "I Gave NAMBLA Pictures of Your Kid" on their ] album '']''. The Norwegian band ] also has a song named "The Midnight NAMBLA" on their ] album '']''. | |||
| *NAMBLA was briefly mentioned in the ] "Paedophile special" episode. | |||
| * NAMBLA was featured in ] of ] where ] is ostracised from his friends, and decides to try to make new, older, "mature" friends on the internet. He unwittingly attends a NAMBLA meeting later and becomes their poster child, where they take photos of him in nothing but a ]. A few NAMBLA members meet ] and ] and they are invited to a banquet along with Cartman. It is here that they learn the true nature of NAMBLA, but the NAMBLA members are soon arrested by the police. It also introduces a second NAMBLA, the "National Association of ] Look Alikes," who are in constant battle with NAMBLA for the domain name nambla.com. | |||
| * NAMBLA was also briefly mentioned in a 2006 episode of the MTV show ]. Nick Diamond comments, "We've got more ] than ] at a NAMBLA convention!", to which Johnny Gomez replies "And that's a lot of mail, Nick". | |||
| * NAMBLA was referenced in ]. One of the characters was sitting in a gay bar when two people with NAMBLA T-shirts turn around and ask the character his age. When he replied with 17 they responded "that's too old for our liking." | |||
| *On the ], ] episode of ], a NAMBLA member was portrayed by comedian ] in a sketch about fringe presidential candidates. He ended the sketch with this quote: "I believe children are the future of this country. So tonight I leave them with this message: At my house, I have ]." | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == Footnotes == | |||
| <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count: 2;"><references/></div> | |||
| == References == | |||
| * Art Cohen, "The Boston-Boise Affair,", ''Gay and Lesbian Review Worldwide'', Vol. 10, No. 2. March-April, 2003. | |||
| * Benoit Denizet-Lewis, "Boy Crazy: NAMBLA: The Story of a Lost Cause," ''Boston Magazine'' May 2001. | |||
| * John Mitzel, ''The Boston Sex Scandal'', Boston, Glad Day Books, 1981. | |||
| * Stuart Timmons, ''The Trouble With Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement'', Alyson Pubns, 1990. | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * A history of NAMBLA, May 2001 | |||
| * January 8, 2001 | |||
| * | |||
| * by Onell R. Soto, ]], '']''. A general profile of NAMBLA. | |||
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Revision as of 18:53, 31 July 2007
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