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and in the ], '''Gibson's law''' holds that "For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD."<ref name="isbn0-521-62070-8">{{cite book | ||
| |author=Lewontin, Richard C.; Singh, Rama S. | |author=Lewontin, Richard C.; Singh, Rama S. | ||
| |others=Robert N. Proctor | |others=Robert N. Proctor | ||
Revision as of 06:21, 7 August 2007
In public relations, and in the practice of law, Gibson's law holds that "For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD." The term specifically refers to the conflict between testimony of expert witnesses called by opposing parties in a trial under an adversarial system of justice. It is also applied to conflicting scientific opinion injected into policy decisions by interested parties creating artificial controversy to promote their interests.
References
- Proctor, R.N. (2004). "Should medical historians be working for the tobacco industry?". The Lancet. 363 (9416): 1174–1175. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
There is a saying in American public-relations circles that for every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD
- Lewontin, Richard C.; Singh, Rama S. (2001). Thinking about evolution: historical, philosophical, and political perspectives. Volume two. Robert N. Proctor. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. p. 568. ISBN 0-521-62070-8.
'For every Ph.D. there is an equal and opposite Ph.D.' Gibson's Law
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Zingrone, N. (2002). "Controversy and the problems of parapsychology". Journal of Parapsychology. 66 (19): 3. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
...controversy flows from a "truth" that encapsulates the ease with which both prosecuting attorneys and defense attorneys can always find a crucial and credible scientific expert to testify on behalf of their own case and against the crucial and credible scientific expert hired by their opponents
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Hess, David J. (1997). Science studies: an advanced introduction. New York: New York University. pp. p. 94. ISBN 0-8147-3564-9.
Proctor borrowed "Gibson's law" from public relations research and and introduced the term "smokescreen effect" as two important techniques for inducing controversy to promote interests.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help)
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