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The '''Mahābhāshya''' ("great commentary"), attributed to ], is a commentary on the celebrated ] is one of the three most famous works in ] grammar, dating to ca. ]. It was with Patanjali that Indian linguistic science reached its definite form. The system thus established is extremely detailed as to ] (phonology, including accent) and ] (grammar and morphology). Syntax is scarcely touched, but ] (etymology) is discussed, and these etymologies naturally lead to ] explanations. People interpret his work to be a defense of Panini, whose Sutras are elaborated meaningfully. He also attacks ] rather severely. But the main contributions of Patanjali lies in the treatment of the principles of grammar enunciated by him. | ||
| It was with Patanjali that Indian linguistic science reached its definite form. The system thus established is extremely detailed as to ] (phonology, including accent) and ] (grammar and morphology). Syntax is scarcely touched, but ] (etymology) is discussed, and these etymologies naturally lead to ] explanations. People interpret his work to be a defense of {{IAST|Pāṇini}}, whose Sutras are elaborated meaningfully. He also examines ] rather severely. But the main contributions of Patanjali lies in the treatment of the principles of grammar enunciated by him. | |||
| Kātyayana introduced semantic discourse into grammar, which was further elaborated by Patañjali to such an extent that {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} can be called a mix of grammar as such as well as a ''philosophy'' of grammar. ''Kāśika-vritti'' by Jayāditya and Vāmana (mentioned by Itsing) included viewpoints of other grammarians also which did nor conform to Patañjali's views. Many commentaries on {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} were written, of which {{IAST|Kaiyaṭa}}'s commentary named ''Pradīpa'' (ca. 11th century AD) is most celebrated. | |||
| After {{IAST|Kaiyaṭa}}, interest in the study of Sanskrit grammar according to traditional {{IAST|Pāṇini}}an sequence of sūtras started declining, and a new simplified system gained gound which was started by Buddhist scholar ] through his commentary on {{IAST|Pāṇini}} named ''Rūpāvatāra'' , which excluded Vedic sūtras of {{IAST|Pāṇini}} in which Dharmakīrti had no interest and dealt with 2664 sutras. | |||
| This new simplified system gradually culminated into Siddhānta-kaumudi which became so popular that overwhelming majority of Indians now avoid studying {{IAST|Pāṇini}}an sūtras according to {{IAST|Pāṇini}}an sequence , which was {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}}'s plan also. Study of grammar according to {{IAST|Pāṇini}}an sequence is known as {{IAST|Asṭādhyāyi}} method, which has been largely replaced with ''Prakriyā'' (literally, 'process') method, in which {{IAST|Pāṇini}}an sūtras are studied according to categories like noun, pronoun, verb, etc. Hence the role of {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}}, which was written according to {{IAST|Asṭādhyāyi}} method, in day to day education declined. But the importance of {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} in explaining the {{IAST|Pāṇini}}an formulas can never diminish. | |||
| ] (1813-1864) published the first part of the {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} of Patañjali in 1856, for the first time opening native Indian grammatical tradition to a wider European scholarly audience. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| *The {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} of Patañjali with annotation (Ahnikas I – IV), Translated by Surendranath Dasgupta, Published by Indian Council of Philosophical Research | |||
| *{{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} of Patañjali (Śrīmadbhagavat-patañjali-muni-{{IAST|viracitaṃ Pātañjalaṃ Mahābhāṣyam) by Patañjali (in Sanskrit), Publisher: Vārāṇasī : Vāṇīvilāsa}} Prakāśana, 1987-1988. ,OCLC: 20995237 | |||
| *Bronkhorst, Johannes, 1992. Panini's View of Meaning and its Western Counterpart. In, Maxim Stamenov (ed.) Current Advances in Semantic Theory. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins. (455-64) | |||
| *Scharfe, Helmut, 1977. Grammatical Literature. Vol. V, Fasc. 2, History of Indian Literature, (ed.) Jan Gonda. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. | |||
| *Staal, J.F. (ed.), 1985. A Reader on Sanskrit Grammarians. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass. | |||
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Revision as of 07:46, 3 September 2007
The Mahābhāshya ("great commentary"), attributed to Patañjali, is a commentary on the celebrated Ashtadhyayi of Panini is one of the three most famous works in Sanskrit grammar, dating to ca. 150 BC. It was with Patanjali that Indian linguistic science reached its definite form. The system thus established is extremely detailed as to shiksha (phonology, including accent) and vyakarana (grammar and morphology). Syntax is scarcely touched, but nirukta (etymology) is discussed, and these etymologies naturally lead to semantic explanations. People interpret his work to be a defense of Panini, whose Sutras are elaborated meaningfully. He also attacks Kātyāyana rather severely. But the main contributions of Patanjali lies in the treatment of the principles of grammar enunciated by him.
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