| Revision as of 04:46, 17 September 2007 editWolfkeeper (talk | contribs)31,832 editsm →Prior to 1942← Previous edit | Revision as of 18:32, 17 September 2007 edit undoDriftwoodzebulin (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,552 edits →1942-1975: first space dockingNext edit → | ||
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Revision as of 18:32, 17 September 2007
Prior to 1942
| Date | First Success | Country | Researcher(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1903 | First serious work published that showed physical Space Exploration was theoretically possible: Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами (The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices) | Russia | Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, school teacher |
| 1920 | Goddard's widely influential paper "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes" proposed sending flash powder to the moon | America | Robert H. Goddard |
1942-1975
| Date | First Success | Country | Mission Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1942 | Rocket to reach 100km from the Earth's surface (boundary of space) | .svg){kind=small} Nazi Germany
|
V2 rocket, military program |
| 1945 | First vertical take-off manned rocket flight (Lothar Sieber) | Nazi Germany
|
Bachem Ba 349, military program |
| July 1946 | Animals in space (fruit flies) |  USA-ABMA
|
V2 |
| October 10, 1946 | First pictures of earth from 100 km | USA at WSMR
|
V2 |
| August 21, 1957 | Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) |  USSR
|
R-7 Semyorka/SS-6 Sapwood |
| October 4, 1957 | Artificial satellite Signals from space |
USSR
|
Sputnik 1 |
| November 3, 1957 | First animal in orbit, the dog Laika | USSR
|
Sputnik 2 |
| January 31, 1958 | Detection of Van Allen belts | USA-ABMA
|
Explorer I |
| December 18, 1958 | Communications satellite | USA-ABMA
|
Project SCORE |
| January 2, 1959 | Firing of a rocket in Earth orbit Reaching escape velocity Detection of solar wind |
USSR
|
Luna 1 |
| January 4, 1959 | Orbit around the Sun | USSR
|
Luna 1 |
| February 17, 1959 | Weather satellite | USA-NASA (NRL)
|
Vanguard 2 |
| August 7, 1959 | Photo of Earth from space | USA-NASA
|
Explorer 6 |
| September 13, 1959 | Landing on another world (the Moon) | USSR
|
Luna 2 |
| October 4, 1959 | Photos of far side of the Moon | USSR
|
Luna 3 |
| July 5, 1960 | Reconnaissance satellite | USA-NRL
|
GRAB-1 |
| August 18, 1960 | photo Reconnaissance satellite | USA-Air Force
|
KH-1 9009 |
| 1961 | Launch from orbit Mid-course corrections Spin-stabilisation Venus fly-by |
USSR
|
Venera 1 |
| April 12, 1961 | Human in space Human in orbit |
USSR
|
Vostok 1 |
| November 1, 1962 | Mars flyby | USSR
|
Mars 1 |
| June 16, 1963 | Woman in space | USSR
|
Vostok 6 |
| July 19, 1963 | Reusable Manned Spacecraft (suborbital) | USA-NASA
|
X-15 Flight 90 |
| October 12, 1964 | Multi-man crew (3) | USSR
|
Voskhod 1 |
| March 18, 1965 | Extra-vehicular activity | USSR
|
Voskhod 2 |
| April 6, 1965 | Commercial communications satellite |  Intelsat
|
Intelsat 1 |
| December 15, 1965 | Orbital rendezvous (parallel flight, no docking) | USA-NASA
|
Gemini 6A/Gemini 7 |
| February 3, 1966 | Soft landing on another world (the Moon) Photos from another world |
USSR
|
Luna 9 |
| March 1, 1966 | Landing on another planet (Venus) | USSR
|
Venera 3 |
| March 16, 1966 | Orbital rendezvous (docking) | USA-NASA
|
Gemini 8A/Agena target vehicle |
| April 3, 1966 | Artificial satellite around another world (the Moon) | USSR
|
Luna 10 |
| April 23, 1967 | Spaceflight casualty | USSR
|
Soyuz 1 |
| October 30, 1967 | Unmanned rendezvous with docking | USSR
|
Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188 |
| January 16, 1969 | Manned docking and exchange of crew | USSR
|
Soyuz 4/Soyuz 5 |
| July 21, 1969 | Human on the Moon | USA-NASA
|
Apollo 11 |
| September 24, 1970 | Automatic sample return from the Moon | USSR
|
Luna 16 |
| November 23, 1970 | Lunar rover | USSR
|
Lunokhod 1 |
| December 15, 1970 | Soft landing on another planet (Venus) Signals from another planet |
USSR
|
Venera 7 |
| April 23, 1971 | Space station | USSR
|
Salyut 1 |
| December 1971 | Orbit around Mars | USSR
|
Mars 3 |
| November 27, 1971 | Mars landing | USSR
|
Mars 3 |
| December 2, 1971 | Soft Mars landing signals from Mars surface |
USSR
|
Mars 3 |
| July 15, 1975 | Multinational manned mission | USSR USA-NASA
|
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project |
| October 20, 1975 | Orbit around another planet (Venus) | USSR
|
Venera 9 |
| October 22, 1975 | Photos from the surface of another planet (Venus) | USSR
|
Venera 9 |
Project Vanguard was transferred from the NRL to NASA immediately before launch.
Post-1975
| Date | First Success | Country | Mission Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 2 1978 | Non-American and non-Soviet in space (Vladimír Remek) | USSR  Czechoslovakia
|
Soyuz 28 |
| March 5 1979 | Jupiter flyby (closest approach 349,000 km) | USA-NASA
|
Voyager 1 |
| November 12 1980 | Saturn flyby (closest approach 124,000 kilometers) | USA-NASA
|
Voyager 1 |
| April 12 1981 | Reusable manned spacecraft (orbital) | USA-NASA
|
Columbia |
| March 1 1982 | Venus soil samples & sound recording of another world | USSR
|
Venera 13 |
| June 13 1983 | Spacecraft beyond the orbit of Neptune | USA-NASA
|
Pioneer 10 |
| July 25 1984 | Extra-vehicular activity by a woman | USSR
|
Salyut 7 |
| January 24 1986 | Uranus flyby (closest approach 81,500 kilometers) | USA-NASA
|
Voyager 2 |
| August 25 1989 | closest approach to Neptune | USA-NASA
|
Voyager 2 |
| December 2 1990 | Commercial manned-spaceflight | USSR  Japan
|
Soyuz TM-11 |
| July 7 1998 | Submarine-launched spacecraft |  Russia
|
K-407 |
| April 28 2001 | Space tourist | Russia USA
|
Soyuz TM-32 |
| October 15 2003 | Third nation to achieve manned spaceflight |  China
|
Shenzhou 5 |
| January 14 2004 | Huygens probe lands on Titan | Joint NASA/ESA/ASI project | Cassini–Huygens |
| June 21 2004 | Private human spaceflight / spacecraft (suborbital) | USA-MAV
|
SpaceShipOne 15P |
In addition, virtually all manned duration records have been set by the USSR, due largely to their Salyut/Mir series of space stations.
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