Revision as of 18:32, 17 September 2007 editDriftwoodzebulin (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,552 edits →1942-1975: first space docking← Previous edit | Revision as of 18:41, 17 September 2007 edit undoDriftwoodzebulin (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,552 edits →1942-1975: first surface rendezvous in spaceNext edit → | ||
Line 195: | Line 195: | ||
||] USA-NASA | ||] USA-NASA | ||
||] | ||] | ||
|- | |||
||], ] | |||
||] on the surface of a celestial body | |||
||] USA-NASA | |||
||]/] | |||
|- | |- | ||
||], ] | ||], ] |
Revision as of 18:41, 17 September 2007
Prior to 1942
Date | First Success | Country | Researcher(s) |
---|---|---|---|
1903 | First serious work published that showed physical Space Exploration was theoretically possible: Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами (The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices) | Russia | Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, school teacher |
1920 | Goddard's widely influential paper "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes" proposed sending flash powder to the moon | America | Robert H. Goddard |
1942-1975
Date | First Success | Country | Mission Name |
---|---|---|---|
1942 | Rocket to reach 100km from the Earth's surface (boundary of space) | Nazi Germany | V2 rocket, military program |
1945 | First vertical take-off manned rocket flight (Lothar Sieber) | Nazi Germany | Bachem Ba 349, military program |
July 1946 | Animals in space (fruit flies) | USA-ABMA | V2 |
October 10, 1946 | First pictures of earth from 100 km | USA at WSMR | V2 |
August 21, 1957 | Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) | USSR | R-7 Semyorka/SS-6 Sapwood |
October 4, 1957 | Artificial satellite Signals from space |
USSR | Sputnik 1 |
November 3, 1957 | First animal in orbit, the dog Laika | USSR | Sputnik 2 |
January 31, 1958 | Detection of Van Allen belts | USA-ABMA | Explorer I |
December 18, 1958 | Communications satellite | USA-ABMA | Project SCORE |
January 2, 1959 | Firing of a rocket in Earth orbit Reaching escape velocity Detection of solar wind |
USSR | Luna 1 |
January 4, 1959 | Orbit around the Sun | USSR | Luna 1 |
February 17, 1959 | Weather satellite | USA-NASA (NRL) | Vanguard 2 |
August 7, 1959 | Photo of Earth from space | USA-NASA | Explorer 6 |
September 13, 1959 | Landing on another world (the Moon) | USSR | Luna 2 |
October 4, 1959 | Photos of far side of the Moon | USSR | Luna 3 |
July 5, 1960 | Reconnaissance satellite | USA-NRL | GRAB-1 |
August 18, 1960 | photo Reconnaissance satellite | USA-Air Force | KH-1 9009 |
1961 | Launch from orbit Mid-course corrections Spin-stabilisation Venus fly-by |
USSR | Venera 1 |
April 12, 1961 | Human in space Human in orbit |
USSR | Vostok 1 |
November 1, 1962 | Mars flyby | USSR | Mars 1 |
June 16, 1963 | Woman in space | USSR | Vostok 6 |
July 19, 1963 | Reusable Manned Spacecraft (suborbital) | USA-NASA | X-15 Flight 90 |
October 12, 1964 | Multi-man crew (3) | USSR | Voskhod 1 |
March 18, 1965 | Extra-vehicular activity | USSR | Voskhod 2 |
April 6, 1965 | Commercial communications satellite | Intelsat | Intelsat 1 |
December 15, 1965 | Orbital rendezvous (parallel flight, no docking) | USA-NASA | Gemini 6A/Gemini 7 |
February 3, 1966 | Soft landing on another world (the Moon) Photos from another world |
USSR | Luna 9 |
March 1, 1966 | Landing on another planet (Venus) | USSR | Venera 3 |
March 16, 1966 | Orbital rendezvous (docking) | USA-NASA | Gemini 8A/Agena target vehicle |
April 3, 1966 | Artificial satellite around another world (the Moon) | USSR | Luna 10 |
April 23, 1967 | Spaceflight casualty | USSR | Soyuz 1 |
October 30, 1967 | Unmanned rendezvous with docking | USSR | Cosmos 186/Cosmos 188 |
January 16, 1969 | Manned docking and exchange of crew | USSR | Soyuz 4/Soyuz 5 |
July 21, 1969 | Human on the Moon | USA-NASA | Apollo 11 |
November 19, 1969 | rendezvous on the surface of a celestial body | USA-NASA | Apollo 12/Surveyor 3 |
September 24, 1970 | Automatic sample return from the Moon | USSR | Luna 16 |
November 23, 1970 | Lunar rover | USSR | Lunokhod 1 |
December 15, 1970 | Soft landing on another planet (Venus) Signals from another planet |
USSR | Venera 7 |
April 23, 1971 | Space station | USSR | Salyut 1 |
December 1971 | Orbit around Mars | USSR | Mars 3 |
November 27, 1971 | Mars landing | USSR | Mars 3 |
December 2, 1971 | Soft Mars landing signals from Mars surface |
USSR | Mars 3 |
July 15, 1975 | Multinational manned mission | USSR USA-NASA | Apollo-Soyuz Test Project |
October 20, 1975 | Orbit around another planet (Venus) | USSR | Venera 9 |
October 22, 1975 | Photos from the surface of another planet (Venus) | USSR | Venera 9 |
Project Vanguard was transferred from the NRL to NASA immediately before launch.
Post-1975
Date | First Success | Country | Mission Name |
---|---|---|---|
March 2 1978 | Non-American and non-Soviet in space (Vladimír Remek) | USSR Czechoslovakia | Soyuz 28 |
March 5 1979 | Jupiter flyby (closest approach 349,000 km) | USA-NASA | Voyager 1 |
November 12 1980 | Saturn flyby (closest approach 124,000 kilometers) | USA-NASA | Voyager 1 |
April 12 1981 | Reusable manned spacecraft (orbital) | USA-NASA | Columbia |
March 1 1982 | Venus soil samples & sound recording of another world | USSR | Venera 13 |
June 13 1983 | Spacecraft beyond the orbit of Neptune | USA-NASA | Pioneer 10 |
July 25 1984 | Extra-vehicular activity by a woman | USSR | Salyut 7 |
January 24 1986 | Uranus flyby (closest approach 81,500 kilometers) | USA-NASA | Voyager 2 |
August 25 1989 | closest approach to Neptune | USA-NASA | Voyager 2 |
December 2 1990 | Commercial manned-spaceflight | USSR Japan | Soyuz TM-11 |
July 7 1998 | Submarine-launched spacecraft | Russia | K-407 |
April 28 2001 | Space tourist | Russia USA | Soyuz TM-32 |
October 15 2003 | Third nation to achieve manned spaceflight | China | Shenzhou 5 |
January 14 2004 | Huygens probe lands on Titan | Joint NASA/ESA/ASI project | Cassini–Huygens |
June 21 2004 | Private human spaceflight / spacecraft (suborbital) | USA-MAV | SpaceShipOne 15P |
In addition, virtually all manned duration records have been set by the USSR, due largely to their Salyut/Mir series of space stations.
Category: