Revision as of 13:03, 6 October 2007 view sourceD.M.N. (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers19,739 edits + =← Previous edit | Revision as of 14:34, 6 October 2007 view source 82.143.234.194 (talk)No edit summaryNext edit → | ||
Line 158: | Line 158: | ||
|accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref> | |accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref> | ||
* Most wins in a debut season: 4 (equalling ]'s record from 1996) | * Most wins in a debut season: 4 (equalling ]'s record from 1996) | ||
* Most pole positions in a debut season: 6 | |||
Hamilton is the first ] driver to compete in Formula One<ref>{{cite news | Hamilton is the first ] driver to compete in Formula One<ref>{{cite news |
Revision as of 14:34, 6 October 2007
Template:F1 driver Lewis Carl Hamilton (born January 7, 1985 in Stevenage, United Kingdom) is a British Formula One racing driver. Hamilton started racing karts at the age of eight. When he was ten, he approached McLaren team owner Ron Dennis at an awards ceremony and told him he would drive for McLaren one day; four years later, Hamilton was signed to the McLaren driver development support programme. Hamilton became European karting champion in 2000 with maximum points and made a successful transition to racing cars the following year.
He progressed through the junior formulae, achieving titles in British Formula Renault, European Formula Three and GP2. He was appointed as a Formula One driver for McLaren in 2007. In his first season in the top international single seater category he became the first rookie driver to lead the world championship, finishing on the podium in his first nine races and winning four out of the first fifteen Grands Prix of the 2007 season.
Personal and early life
Hamilton's paternal grandparents emigrated to the United Kingdom from Grenada in the 1950s. His grandfather worked on the London Underground. His mother Carmen and father Anthony named him after the US Olympic gold medal winning athlete Carl Lewis. Hamilton's parents separated when he was two and, until he was ten, he lived with his mother and half-sisters Nicola and Samantha. After that he lived with his father, step-mother Linda and half-brother Nicholas who has cerebral palsy. At six, he began his racing career when his father bought him his first go-kart as a Christmas present, and would support his racing career as long as he worked hard at school. When supporting his son became problematic Anthony Hamilton took redundancy as an IT Manager and became a contractor - sometimes doing up to three jobs at a time to support his son's career - and still found enough time to attend all his races. Anthony would later set up his own computer company, as well as working as a manager for Lewis on a full time basis. Hamilton attended The John Henry Newman School in Stevenage. He took up karate at an early age when his driving attracted the attention of local bullies. By the time he was twelve, he had gained his first black belt in the sport. He extended his skills to football, playing in his school team alongside current Aston Villa forward Ashley Young as a midfielder.
Career
Pre-Formula One
Hamilton began karting in 1993 at the age of eight, and quickly began winning races and championships. At age ten, he approached McLaren F1 team boss Ron Dennis and told him, "I'm going to race for you one day... I'm going to race for McLaren". From the Cadet ranks (1993-7), he progressed through the Junior Yamaha (1998) and Junior Intercontinental A (1999) divisions, earning him attention from Team McLaren, who signed him to the McLaren driver development support program. This contract included an option of a future F1 seat, thus making Hamilton the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in an F1 drive.
Lewis Hamilton continued his progress in the Intercontinental A (1999), Formula A (2000) and Formula Super A (2001) ranks, and became European Champion in 2000 with maximum points. In Formula A and Formula Super A, racing for TeamMBM.com, his team mate was Nico Rosberg, who would later drive for the Williams team in Formula One. Following his karting successes, the British Racing Drivers' Club made him a ‘Rising Star’ Member in 2000.
Michael Schumacher, speaking about Hamilton in 2001."He's a quality driver, very strong and only 16. If he keeps this up I'm sure he will reach F1. It's something special to see a kid of his age out on the circuit. He's clearly got the right racing mentality."
Hamilton began his car racing career in the 2001 British Formula Renault Winter Series, finishing fifth overall. This led to a full 2002 Formula Renault UK campaign with Manor Motorsport. Hamilton finished third overall with three wins and three pole positions. He remained with Manor for another year and won the championship with ten wins and 419 points to the two wins and 377 points of this nearest rival, Alex Lloyd. Having clinched the championship, Hamilton missed the last two races of the season to make his debut in the season finale of the British Formula Three Championship. Here he was less successful: in the first race he was forced out with a puncture, and in the second he crashed out and was taken to hospital after a collision with his team-mate Tor Graves. He did show his speed at both the Macau and Korean Grands Prix. In the latter he qualified on pole position in his first visit to the Korean track and in only his fourth race outing in a F3 car.
Hamilton and Manor then made their debut in the 2004 Formula Three Euroseries. They won just one race and Hamilton was fifth in the championship. He also won the Bahrain F3 Superprix and raced one of the Macau F3 Grand Prix. Hamilton first tested for McLaren in late 2004, at Silverstone.
He moved to reigning Euroseries champions ASM for the 2005 season and dominated the championship, winning 15 of the 20 rounds. He also won the Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 at Zandvoort.
After the season, British magazine Autosport featured him in their “Top 50 Drivers of 2005” issue, ranking Hamilton 24th. After Hamilton's success in Formula Three, he was signed by ART Grand Prix for the 2006 GP2 Series season. Like ASM in F3, ART were the class of the field and reigning champions having taken the 2005 GP2 crown with Nico Rosberg. Hamilton won the GP2 championship at his first attempt.
Among his notable performances was a dominant win at the fifth round held at the Nürburgring, despite serving a penalty for speeding in the pit lane. At his home race at Silverstone, supporting the British Grand Prix, Hamilton impressed again by overtaking two rivals at Becketts, a series of high-speed (up to 150 mph in a GP2 car) bends where overtaking is rare. He demonstrated his overtaking prowess again at the race in Istanbul, when he recovered from a spin that left him 18th, to take second place in the final corners. He became GP2 champion in unusual circumstances. Giorgio Pantano won the penultimate race at Monza, and set the fastest lap on the final lap, initially taking this bonus point from Hamilton. However, it transpired that he had set this under a yellow flag, indicating to the officials that he had not slowed enough to avoid potential danger, leading to him losing the fastest lap, which therefore gave Hamilton the single point he needed to clinch the title.
His 2006 GP2 championship coincided with a vacancy at McLaren following the departure of Juan Pablo Montoya to NASCAR and Kimi Räikkönen to Ferrari.
After months of speculation on whether Hamilton, Pedro de la Rosa, Gary Paffett or former World Champion Mika Häkkinen would drive for McLaren alongside defending champion Fernando Alonso in 2007, Hamilton was confirmed as the team's second driver. This surprised many F1 insiders, who felt the more experienced Paffett and de la Rosa were more qualified for a race seat. He was told of McLaren’s decision on September 30, but the news was not made public until November 24, for fear that it would be overshadowed by Michael Schumacher’s retirement announcement.
Formula One
2007: McLaren
On his debut at the 2007 Australian Grand Prix, he qualified fourth and finished third in the race, thus becoming the fourteenth driver to finish on the podium on his GP debut (excluding those in the first ever World Championship round). In Bahrain, Hamilton got his first front-row start, qualifying and finishing second behind Felipe Massa. Hamilton again finished second behind Massa in the Spanish Grand Prix, to take the lead in the drivers championship. With that achievement, Hamilton surpassed Bruce McLaren to become the youngest driver to ever lead the world championship.
Hamilton had to be content with second place at Monaco. He felt he was prevented from challenging for the win by his team. However the FIA later deemed that "McLaren did nothing which could be described as interfering with the race result."
Hamilton gained the first pole position of his F1 career in Montreal at the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix. On race day, Hamilton led almost continuously from start to finish, despite having his lead cut on the four occasions the safety car was deployed. The win strengthened his championship challenge. A week later, Hamilton won the United States Grand Prix also from pole position, becoming the first Briton since John Watson in 1983 to win a Formula One World Championship race in the US, and only the second person, after Jacques Villeneuve, to win more than one race in his first F1 Championship season since the first year of the Championship itself.
By finishing third at Magny-Cours behind Ferrari drivers Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa, Hamilton extended his lead in the Driver's Championship to 14 points. This was the first time in his F1 career that he finished a race in a lower position than he started, and the first time he had been passed on the racetrack in Formula One. At Silverstone, Hamilton's home Grand Prix, he started from pole and led for the first 16 laps of the race, thanks to Raikkonnen. He was unable to maintain this pace for the full race, finishing 40 seconds behind Räikkönen and Alonso but still leading the championship.
During qualifying for the European Grand Prix, Hamilton crashed at the Schumacher chicane after a problem with the wheel nut air gun used on his car. He was taken to the circuit's medical centre on a stretcher with an oxygen mask and drip, but was conscious throughout. His Q3 time was surpassed by all other competitors, and thus he qualified in tenth position. After a final medical check on Sunday morning, Hamilton was cleared to race. During a heavy rainstorm which caused the race to be red-flagged, Hamilton slid off into a gravel trap. However as he kept his engine running he was lifted back on to the circuit and able rejoin the race after the restart. His 9th place finish in this race was both his first non-podium and non-points finish, enabling title contenders Alonso and Massa to reduce Hamilton's lead in the Drivers' Championship. After Alonso was relegated five places for obstructing Hamilton in qualifying, Hamilton was able to extend his championship lead by winning the Hungarian Grand Prix. Kimi Räikkönen stayed within five seconds of him for the entire race (excluding pit stop periods). However, the team was docked all of their constructor's points due to the incident in qualifying.
After declaring he had restored his relationship with Alonso, Hamilton qualified second in Turkey. After dropping to third at the first corner, Hamilton looked set for a podium finish with 15 laps remaining. However his right-front tyre suffered a puncture, leaving Hamilton to crawl back to the pits, rejoining the race in fifth position. There he stayed until the finish, allowing his rivals to reduce their deficits in the Driver's Championship. At the Italian GP, Hamilton was beaten by Alonso, reducing his Championship lead to three points. Hamilton finished fourth behind Alonso at the Belgian Grand Prix, cutting his Championship lead to two points. However he extended his lead to 12 points after winning the Japanese Grand Prix in adverse weather conditions, a race from which Fernando Alonso retired. Following the race Hamilton was investigated by the race stewards over his involvement in an incident behind the safety car, which saw both Vettel and Webber crash out of the race whilst following his McLaren. He, along with Vettel and Webber, was later cleared of any wrongdoing.
Hamilton has reportedly signed a multi-million pound contract with HarperCollins for his autobiography.
Relationship with McLaren and Fernando Alonso
Hamilton's relationship with McLaren team boss Ron Dennis dates back to 1995.
The first indication that Hamilton was discontented with his team was after he finished second at Monaco. After post-race comments made by Hamilton which suggested he had been forced into a supporting role, the FIA initiated an inquiry to determine whether McLaren had broken rules by enforcing team orders. McLaren denied favouring double world champion Fernando Alonso, and the FIA subsequently vindicated the team, stating that: "McLaren were able to pursue an optimum team strategy because they had a substantial advantage over all other cars. They did nothing which could be described as interfering with the race result."
However, intense rivalry with teammate Alonso has led to speculation that either Hamilton or Alonso will leave McLaren at the end of the 2007 season.
Tensions within the team were clearly demonstrated at the 2007 Hungarian Grand Prix. During final qualifying for the race, Hamilton was involved in a controversy that saw McLaren and Alonso penalised for delaying Hamilton in the pits and thus preventing him from putting in a final "hot lap" before the end of the session. McLaren blamed Hamilton for the incident, saying that he was supposed to let Alonso pass him and gain track position in the initial stages of the final qualifying session. Alonso was relegated to 6th place on the grid, thus elevating Hamilton (who had initially qualified second) to the number one slot. Hamilton said he thought Alonso's penalty was "quite light if anything" and only regretted the loss of constructors' points. On team radio following qualifying, Hamilton was reported to have sworn at Dennis. British motorsport journal Autosport claimed that this " Dennis to throw his headphones on the pit wall in disgust (a gesture that was misinterpreted by many to be in reaction to Alonso's actions having caused Hamilton to miss out on a 'hot lap')". However, it was later reported that Hamilton's language was exaggerated by the media, and McLaren subsequently issued a statement on behalf of Hamilton which denied the use of any profanity. As a result of these events, the relationship between Hamilton and Alonso temporarily collapsed, with the pair not on speaking terms for a short period. In the aftermath it was reported that Hamilton had been targeted by Luca di Montezemolo regarding a Ferrari drive for 2008.
Records
Hamilton has matched or set the following records in Formula One:
- Most consecutive podiums from debut race: 9 (previous record was 2)
- Most consecutive podiums for a British driver: 9 (tied with Jim Clark)
- Youngest driver to lead the World Championship.
- Most wins in a debut season: 4 (equalling Jacques Villeneuve's record from 1996)
- Most pole positions in a debut season: 6
Hamilton is the first black driver to compete in Formula One (although Willy T. Ribbs tested an F1 car in 1986) and the first black driver to win a major race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in any discipline. In addition, he is the third youngest driver to achieve an F1 pole position, and the fourteenth F1 driver to achieve a podium finish on his debut.
During the 2007 European Grand Prix at the Nurburgring, Hamilton became the first driver to have his car recovered by a crane and put back on the track during an F1 race, although several drivers have been pushed back onto the circuit by the marshals without mechanical aids when judged to be in a dangerous position, such as Michael Schumacher during the 2003 European Grand Prix.
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | WDC | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes |
McLaren MP4-22 | Mercedes FO 108T 2.4 V8 | AUS 3 |
MAL 2 |
BHR 2 |
ESP 2 |
MON 2 |
CAN 1 |
USA 1 |
FRA 3 |
GBR 3 |
EUR 9 |
HUN 1 |
TUR 5 |
ITA 2 |
BEL 4 |
JPN 1 |
CHN |
BRA |
1st* | 107* |
*Racing season in progress.
Racing record
Season | Series | Team Name | No. | Races | Poles | Wins | Pts | Final Placing |
2000 | World Formula A Championship | TeamMBM.com (CRG/Parilla) | 1 | 0 | n/a | DNF | ||
European Formula A Championship | TeamMBM.com (CRG/Parilla) | 8 | 5 | 75 | 1st | |||
Formula A World Cup | TeamMBM.com (CRG/Parilla) | 1 | 1 | n/a | 1st | |||
2001 | Formula Super A World Championship | TeamMBM.com (Parolin/Parilla) | 15 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 15th |
2002 | Formula Renault UK | Manor Motorsport | 25 | 13 | 3 | 3 | 274 | 3rd |
2003 | Formula Renault UK | Manor Motorsport | 3 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 419 | 1st |
2004 | Formula 3 Euroseries | Manor Motorsport | 35 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 69 | 5th |
2005 | Formula 3 Euroseries | ASM F3 | 6 | 20 | 11 | 15 | 172 | 1st |
2006 | GP2 Series | ART Grand Prix | 2 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 114 | 1st |
2007 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 2 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 107 | 1st * |
- No. = Car Number; * = Season in progress
See also
References
- http://www.f1-live.com/f1/en/drivers/hamilton.shtml
- "Grenadian roots of first black F1 driver". BBC. 2006-11-27. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Sourced from ITV's 2007 Bahrain Grand Prix commentary
- "MY BOY RACER". Daily Mirror. 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - 20 things you don't know about Lewis Hamilton, Nuts (magazine), 22-28 June 2007
- ^ Owen, Oliver (2007-06-03). "The real deal". Observer Sport Monthly. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- Zoo (magazine): Issue 162, 30 March-4 April 2007
- ^ "Hamilton's kart sells for £42,100". BBC News. 2007-06-19. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Lewis Hamilton Biography". Vodafone McLaren Mercedes official website. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Schumacher Tips Hamilton for Future Glory". AtlasF1. 2001-10-28. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- Thomas, Stella-Maria (2003-10-10). "Brands Hatch round 23 race report". Motorsport.com. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - Thomas, Stella-Maria (2003-10-13). "Brands Hatch round 24 race report". Motorsport.com. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - "New McLaren bad news for Wurz". Crash.net. 2004-12-16. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Lewis Hamilton portrait". Formula 3 Euro Series (official website). 2005-08-28. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "GP2 Series - History". GP2 Series (official website). Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Montoya to leave F1". ITV News. 2006-07-10. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Kimi won't live in Schumi's shadow". ITV News. 2006-11-27. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Lewis Hamilton joins Formula 1 World Champion Fernando Alonso at Vodafone McLaren Mercedes". mclaren.com. 2006-11-24. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - David Tremayne (2006-11-25). "Hamilton's F1 drive is a dream come true". The Independent. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "Hamilton still has long way to go". Super Wheels. Reuters. 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- "Massa holds off battling Hamilton". BBC Sport. 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=
ignored (|access-date=
suggested) (help) - "Race notes: Spanish GP". Daily F1 News. 2007.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=
ignored (|access-date=
suggested) (help) - "FIA McLaren-Monaco Full statement". Formula1.com. 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Canadian Grand Prix". BBC Sport. 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Hamilton unhurt but uncertain for race". canada.com. 2007-07-21. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Hamilton crashes in qualifying for European Grand Prix, taken away in ambulance". iht.com. 2007-07-21. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Raikkonen storms to pole as Hamilton crashes out". formula1.com. 2007-07-21. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Hamilton cleared to race in the Euro GP". itv-f1.com. 2007-07-22. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "Hamilton calls for truce and targets the bigger battles ahead". sport.guardian.co.uk. Guardian Unlimited. 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
- "Turkish Grand Prix 2007". BBC Sport. 2007-08-26. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
- "No Penalty for Hamilton; Vettel Penalty Annulled". Forumula1.net. October 5th, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help); External link in
(help)|publisher=
- "F1 ace Hamilton signs a multi-million pound book deal".
- "Hamilton 2007 Pre-season interview". Sporting Life. 2007-08-30. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
- "FIA McLaren-Monaco Full statement". Formula1.com. 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "The future of Fernando Alonso". grandprix.com. 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Alonso cool on future at McLaren". news.bbc.co.uk. 2007-08-05. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Rumour: Hamilton to Ferrari?". muchhalasworld.com. 2007-05-31. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Dennis: Hold up is Hamilton's fault". f1.gpupdate.net. 2007-08-04. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Chequered Flag (podcast)". 5:56 minutes in. BBC. BBC Radio Five Live.
{{cite episode}}
: Missing or empty|series=
(help) - "Hamilton handed pole after Alonso punished". timesonline.co.uk. 2007-08-05. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "LEWIS F-WORD STORM". sundaymirror.co.uk. 2007-08-05. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Dennis feels the strain as McLaren team ethos stretched to breaking point by warring drivers". sport.guardian.co.uk. 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Hamilton apologises to McLaren". autosport.com. 2007-08-05. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Dodgins, Tony (2007). "McLaren dream team turns into nightmare - qualifying flash point". Autosport. 189 (6): pp.8-9.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "McLaren: Lewis didn't swear at Dennis". itv-f1.com. ITV Network. 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
- "Hungarian GP - Alonso not speaking to Hamilton". uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Cooper, Steve (2007). "McLaren dream team turns into nightmare". Autosport. 189 (6): pp.6-8.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - Gorman, Edward (2007-07-02). "Silverstone awaits its new hero as Hamilton homes in on title". The Times. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- Tremayne, David (2007-08-10). "Hamilton vows to cap ninth podium record". The Independent. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
- "Hamilton keeps cool despite championship lead". F1Way. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- Wolff, Alexander (2007-06-12). "'Better Than Sex'". SI.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- Phillips, Randy (2007-06-07). "Hamilton in fast lane to success". Montreal Gazette/Canada.com. CanWest News Service. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- Gorman, Ed (2007-07-24). "Lewis and the crane". The Times/timesonline.co.uk. Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
External links
- LewisHamilton.com Official Web Site
- Career details
- Lewis Hamilton biography McLaren.com
Sporting positions | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded byDanny Watts | British Formula Renault UK series champion 2003 |
Succeeded byMike Conway |
Preceded byJamie Green | Formula Three Euroseries Drivers' Champion 2005 |
Succeeded byPaul di Resta |
Preceded byNick Heidfeld (1997) |
Monaco Formula Three Support Race Winner 2005 |
Succeeded bynone race not held in 2006-2007 |
Preceded byAlexandre Prémat | Formula Three Masters winner 2005 |
Succeeded byPaul di Resta |
Preceded byNico Rosberg | GP2 Series Drivers' Champion 2006 |
Succeeded byTimo Glock |
Preceded byDanny Watts | Autosport British Club Driver of the Year 2003 |
Succeeded byJames Pickford |
McLaren Racing | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
|