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{{Infobox Person
| name = Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
| image = Franz ferdinand.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{birth date|1863|12|18}}
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1914|6|28|1863|12|18}}
| death_place = ], ]
| title = Archduke of Austria-Este, Archduke of Austria, Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia
| spouse = ]
| partner =
| children = ], ], ]
| parents = ] and ]
}}

'''Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este''' (], ] &ndash; ], ]) was an ] of ], Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of ] and ], and from 1896 until his death, ] to the ] throne. His ] in ] precipitated the Austrian ]. This caused countries ] with Austria-Hungary (the ]) and countries allied with ] (the ]) to declare war on each other, starting ].<ref>{{cite book |title=World War I |publisher=Mariner Books |first =S.L.A.| last=Marshall|authorlink=S.L.A. Marshall| pages=p.1|isbn=0618056866|year=2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=First World War |publisher=Vintage |pages=p.48 |isbn=0375700455| year=2000|first=John |last=Keegan |authorlink=John Keegan}}</ref><ref name="johnson">
{{cite book
|title=Introducing Austria: A short history
|last=Lonnie Johnson
|publisher=Ariadne Press, 270 Goins Court, Riverside, CA 92507
|date=1989
|isbn=0-929497-03-1
|pages=pp.52-54
}}
</ref>

==Birth and early life==
Franz Ferdinand (Full Name: ''Franz Ferdinand Karl Belschwitz Ludwig Josef von Habsburg-Lothringen''), was born in ], ], the eldest son of ] (younger brother of ] and ]) and of his second wife, Princess ]. When he was only twelve years old, his cousin ] died, naming Franz Ferdinand his heir on condition that he add the name Este to his own. Franz Ferdinand thus became one of the wealthiest men in Austria.

When he was born, there was no reason to think that Franz Ferdinand would ever be heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was given the normal strict education of an archduke with an emphasis on history and moral character. From 1876 to 1885 his tutor was the historian ]. In 1883 Franz Ferdinand entered the army with the rank of third ].

As a young man, Franz Ferdinand developed two great passions: hunting and travel. It is estimated that he shot more than 5,000 deer in his lifetime. In 1883, he visited Italy for the first time in order to see the properties left to him by Duke Francis V of Modena. In 1885, he visited ], ], ], and ]. In 1889, he visited ].

In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's life changed dramatically. His cousin ] committed ] at his hunting lodge in ],<ref name="brook">
{{cite book
|title=The Austrians: A thousand-year odyssey
|last=Brook-Shepherd
|first=Gordon
|date=1997
|publisher=Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, Inc.; 19 West 21st Street; New York, NY 10010
|isbn=0-7867-0520-5
|pages=pp.107,125-126
}}
</ref> leaving Franz Ferdinand's father, Archduke Karl Ludwig, as first in line to the throne. However his father renounced his succession rights a few days a few days after the Crown Prince's death.<ref>{{cite news|title =The Crown Prince’s Successor|publisher =]| date =]| url =http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F04E0D9153AE033A25751C0A9649C94689FD7CF}}</ref> Henceforth, Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed.

==Marriage and family==
]

In ] Franz Ferdinand met Countess ] at a ball in ]. To be an eligible marriage partner for a member of the House of ], one must be a member of one of the reigning or formerly reigning dynasties of Europe. The Choteks were not one of these families, although they did include among their ancestors, in the female line, princess of ], ], and ]. Sophie was a ] to ], wife of ]. Franz Ferdinand began to visit Archduke Friedrich's villa in Pressburg (now ]). Sophie wrote to Franz Ferdinand during his convalescence from ] when he went to the island of ] in the ]. They kept their relationship a secret for more than two years.

Archduchess Isabella assumed that Franz Ferdinand was enamored with one of her daughters. In 1898, however, he left his watch lying on a tennis court at her home. She opened the watch, expecting to find there a photograph of one of her daughters; instead, she found a photograph of Sophie. Sophie was immediately dismissed from her position.

Franz Ferdinand refused to consider marrying anyone else. ], ], and the ] all made representations on Franz Ferdinand's behalf to the Emperor ], arguing that the disagreement between Franz Joseph and Franz Ferdinand was undermining the stability of the monarchy.

Finally, in 1899, the Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to permit Franz Ferdinand to marry Sophie, on condition that the marriage would be ] and that their descendants would not have succession rights to the throne.<ref name="brook"/><!-- pg. 126 --> Sophie would not share her husband's rank, title, precedence, or privileges; as such, she would not normally appear in public beside him. She would not be allowed to ride in the royal carriage, or sit in the royal box.

The wedding took place on ], ], at Reichstadt (now ]) in ]; Franz Joseph did not attend the affair, nor did any archduke including Franz Ferdinand's brothers.<ref name="brook"/><!-- pg. 126 --> The only members of the imperial family who were present were Franz Ferdinand's stepmother, Maria Theresia, and her two daughters. Upon the marriage, Sophie was given the title ''Princess of Hohenberg'' (Fürstin von Hohenberg) with the style ''Her Serene Highness'' (Ihre Durchlaucht). In 1909, she was given the more senior title ''Duchess of Hohenberg'' (Herzogin von Hohenberg) with the style ''Her Highness'' (Ihre Hoheit). This raised her status considerably, but she still took precedence at court after all the archduchesses. Whenever a function required the couple to gather with the other members of royalty, Sophie was forced to stand far down the line of importance, separated from her husband.

Franz Ferdinand's children were:
* ] (1901-1990), married Count Friedrich von Nostitz-Rieneck (1891-1973)
* ] (1902-1962), married Countess Elisabeth von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee (1904-1993)
* ] (1904-1954), married Marie-Therese Wood (1910-1985)
* A ] son (1908)

== Assassination==
{{main|Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand}}

] Rois De Blougne tourer in which the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was riding at the time of his assassination.]]

On ], ], at approximately 11:00 am, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were killed in ], the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of ], by ], a member of ] and one of several (seven) assassins organized by ] (Црна рука/Tsrna Ruka).<ref name="johnson"/> The event, known as the ''Assassination in Sarajevo'', triggered ]. Franz and Sophie had previously been attacked when a bomb was thrown at their car. It missed them, but many civilians were injured. Franz and Sophie both insisted on going to see all those injured at the hospital. As a result of this, Princip saw them and shot Sophie, in the abdomen. Franz was shot in the jugular and was still alive when witnesses arrived to his aid.<ref name="johnson"/> Princip had used the Browning ] cartridge, a relatively low power round. The archduke's aides tried to undo his coat but by the time they realized they needed scissors to cut the coat open—Ferdinand had himself sewn in to appear slimmer—it was too late; he died within minutes.<ref>THE LAST KAISER, p 351, by Giles MacDonogh</ref> The assassinations, along with the arms race, nationalism, and the alliance system all contributed to the beginning of World War I, which began less than two months after Franz Ferdinand's death, with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia.<ref>Lonnie Johnson 56</ref>

Franz Ferdinand is interred with his wife Sophie in ], ].

A detailed account of the shooting can be found in 'Sarajevo' by Joachim Remak <ref>Remak, Joachim. "Sarajevo" (Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, 1959) (pp137 - 142)</ref>

{{quote|...one bullet pierced Franz Ferdinand's neck while the other pierced Sophie's abdomen.... As the car was reversing (to go back to the Governor's residence because the entourage thought the Imperial couple were unhurt) a thin streak of blood shot from the Archduke's mouth onto Count Harrach's right cheek (he was standing on the car's running board). Harrach drew out a handkerchief to still the gushing blood. The Duchess, seeing this, called: "For Heaven's sake! What happened to you?" and sank from her seat, her face falling between her husband's knees.

Harrach and Potoriek... thought she had fainted... only her husband seemed to have an instinct for what was happening. Turning to his wife despite the bullet in his neck, Franz Ferdinand pleaded: "Sopherl! Sopherl! Sterbe nicht! Bleibe am Leben fur unsere Kinder! - Sophie dear! Don't die! Stay alive for our children!". Having said this, he seemed to sag down himself. His plumed hat... fell off; many of its green feathers were found all over the car floor. Count Harrach seized the Archduke by the uniform collar to hold him up. He asked "Leiden Eure Kaiserliche Hoheit sehr? - Is Your Imperial Highness suffering very badly?" "Es ist nichts - It is nothing" said the Archduke in a weak but audible voice. He seemed to be losing consciousness, but, his voice growing steadily weaker, he repeated the phrase perhaps six or seven times more. He was losing counsciousness during his last few minutes.
Koonin

A rattle began to issue from his throat, which subsided as the car drew in front of the Konak (Town Hall).
(Despite several doctors' efforts, the Archduke died shortly after being carried into the building while his beloved wife was almost certainly dead from internal bleeding before the motorcade reached the Konak.) - Les Gillard}}

==Ancestors==

<center>{{ahnentafel-compact4
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Este'''
|2= 2. ]
|3= 3. ]
|4= 4. ]
|5= 5. ]
|6= 6. ]
|7= 7. ]
|8= 8. ]
|9= 9. ]
|10= 10. ]
|11= 11. ]
|12= 12. ]
|13= 13. ]
|14= 14. ]
|15= 15. ]
}}</center>
{{Infobox Austriaemperorstyles|
royal name=Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este|
dipstyle=]|
offstyle=Your Imperial and Royal Highness|
altstyle=Sir|}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons2|Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{cs icon}}
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Revision as of 23:55, 18 December 2007

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