Rutherford B. Hayes: Difference between revisions

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	'''Rutherford Birchard Hayes''' (], ] - ], ]) was the 19th (]-]) ] of the ].		'''Rutherford Birchard Hayes''' (], ] - ], ]) was the 19th (]-]) ] of the ].

			==Early political career==

	He was a ] from ] prior to his Presidency. He was born in Delaware, ], ], ]. He attended the common schools, the Methodist Academy in Norwalk, Ohio, and the Webb Preparatory School in ]. He was graduated from ], Gambier, Ohio, in August ] and from the ] Law School in January ]. He was admitted to the bar ], ], and commenced practice in Lower Sandusky (now Fremont). He moved to ] in ] and resumed the practice of law. He was city solicitor from ] to ]. He was commissioned a major of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ], ], lieutenant colonel ], ], colonel ], ], brigadier general of Volunteers ], ] and brevetted major general of Volunteers ], ].		He was a ] from ] prior to his Presidency. He was born in Delaware, ], ], ]. He attended the common schools, the Methodist Academy in Norwalk, Ohio, and the Webb Preparatory School in ]. He was graduated from ], Gambier, Ohio, in August ] and from the ] Law School in January ]. He was admitted to the bar ], ], and commenced practice in Lower Sandusky (now Fremont). He moved to ] in ] and resumed the practice of law. He was city solicitor from ] to ]. He was commissioned a major of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ], ], lieutenant colonel ], ], colonel ], ], brigadier general of Volunteers ], ] and brevetted major general of Volunteers ], ].

	Hayes was elected as a ] to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from ], ], to ], ], when he resigned, having been nominated for Governor of Ohio. He was Governor from ] to ], and an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress. He was again elected Governor and served from January ] to ], ], when he resigned, having been elected President of the United States.		Hayes was elected as a ] to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from ], ], to ], ], when he resigned, having been nominated for Governor of Ohio. He was Governor from ] to ], and an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress. He was again elected Governor and served from January ] to ], ], when he resigned, having been elected President of the United States. Since ], ] was a Sunday, Hayes was took the oath of office in the Red Room of the ] on ]. He took the oath again publicly on ] on the East Portico of the Capitol, and he served until ], ].

			==Presidency==

	Hayes became president after the tumultuous, scandal-ridden years of the Grant administration. He had a reputation for honesty dating back to his ] years, when as a major general, he refused to campaign for ], saying that any officer, who left his command to run for office "ought to be scalped." As ] of ], his scrupulousness sometimes dismayed even his political allies, and Hayes was nicknamed "Old Granny." Nevertheless, his opponent in the presidential election, ] ] was the favorite to win the presidential election and, in fact, won the popular vote by about 250,000 votes (with about 8.5 million voters in total).		Hayes became president after the tumultuous, scandal-ridden years of the Grant administration. He had a reputation for honesty dating back to his ] years, when as a major general, he refused to campaign for ], saying that any officer, who left his command to run for office "ought to be scalped." As ] of ], his scrupulousness sometimes dismayed even his political allies, and Hayes was nicknamed "Old Granny." Nevertheless, his opponent in the presidential election, ] ] was the favorite to win the presidential election and, in fact, won the popular vote by about 250,000 votes (with about 8.5 million voters in total).

			===Election of 1876===
⚫	As in 2000 however, the decision was left to the ], where the votes of four states were contested. In order to win, the candidates had to muster 185 votes: Tilden was short just one, with 184 votes, Hayes had 165, while 20 votes, representing four states, were contested. To make matters worse, three of these states (], ], and ]) were in the south, which was still under military occupation. After months of deliberation and bargaining, Southern Democrats were assured that if Hayes ~~was~~ elected, he would pull federal troops out of the south and end Reconstruction. In return, the Democrats agreed to a committee to determine the final outcome of the election. The committee, which consisted of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, voted to give all the votes to Hayes. The Republicans justified this, claiming that the problem in these states was over who had the right to vote. The Democrats, on the other hand, felt that they had been robbed of the presidency, and called Hayes "Rutherfraud."

			However, as with all elections, the decision was left to the ], where the votes of four states were contested. In order to win, the candidates had to muster 185 votes: Tilden was short just one, with 184 votes, Hayes had 165, with 20 votes representing four states were contested. To make matters worse, three of these states (], ], and ]) were in the South, which was still under military occupation.
⚫	During his presidency Hayes signed a number of bills including one signed on ], ] which, for the first time, allowed female ]s to argue cases before the ].

		⚫	After months of deliberation and bargaining, Southern Democrats were assured that if Hayes were elected, he would pull federal troops out of the south and end ]. In return, the Democrats agreed to a committee to determine the final outcome of the election. The committee, which consisted of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, voted to give all the disputed electoral votes to Hayes. The Republicans justified this by claiming that the problem in these states was over who had the right to vote. The Democrats, on the other hand, felt that they had been robbed of the presidency, and called Hayes "Rutherfraud."
⚫	~~Since ], ] was a Sunday, Hayes was took the oath of office in the Red Room of the ] on ]. He took the oath again publicly on ] on the East Portico of the Capitol, and he served until ], ].~~ He died in ], ], ], ]. Interment was in Oakwood Cemetery. Following the gift of his home to the State of Ohio for the Spiegel Grove State Park he was reinterred there in ].

			===Notable legislation===

		⚫	During his presidency Hayes signed a number of bills including one signed on ], ] which, for the first time, allowed female ]s to argue cases before the ].

			==Post-Presidency==

		⚫	He died in ], ], ], ]. Interment was in Oakwood Cemetery. Following the gift of his home to the State of Ohio for the Spiegel Grove State Park he was reinterred there in ].

	== ] appointments ==		== ] appointments ==
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Revision as of 12:00, 24 November 2003

**Rutherford B. Hayes**
Rutherford B. Hayes
Order:	19th President
Term of Office:	March 4, 1877 - March 4, 1881
Followed:	Ulysses S. Grant
Succeeded by:	James Garfield
Date of Birth	October 4, 1822
Place of Birth:	Delaware, Ohio
Date of Death:	January 17, 1893
Place of Death:	Fremont, Ohio
First Lady:	Lucy Ware Webb
Occupation:	lawyer
Political Party:	Republican
Vice President:	William A. Wheeler

Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 - January 17, 1893) was the 19th (1877-1881) President of the United States.

Early political career

He was a Representative from Ohio prior to his Presidency. He was born in Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio, October 4, 1822. He attended the common schools, the Methodist Academy in Norwalk, Ohio, and the Webb Preparatory School in Middletown, Connecticut. He was graduated from Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in August 1842 and from the Harvard Law School in January 1845. He was admitted to the bar May 10, 1845, and commenced practice in Lower Sandusky (now Fremont). He moved to Cincinnati in 1849 and resumed the practice of law. He was city solicitor from 1857 to 1859. He was commissioned a major of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 27, 1861, lieutenant colonel October 24, 1861, colonel October 24, 1862, brigadier general of Volunteers October 9, 1864 and brevetted major general of Volunteers March 3, 1865.

Hayes was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, to July 20, 1867, when he resigned, having been nominated for Governor of Ohio. He was Governor from 1868 to 1872, and an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress. He was again elected Governor and served from January 1876 to March 2, 1877, when he resigned, having been elected President of the United States. Since March 4, 1877 was a Sunday, Hayes was took the oath of office in the Red Room of the White House on March 3. He took the oath again publicly on March 5 on the East Portico of the Capitol, and he served until March 4, 1881.

Presidency

Hayes became president after the tumultuous, scandal-ridden years of the Grant administration. He had a reputation for honesty dating back to his Civil War years, when as a major general, he refused to campaign for Congress, saying that any officer, who left his command to run for office "ought to be scalped." As Governor of Ohio, his scrupulousness sometimes dismayed even his political allies, and Hayes was nicknamed "Old Granny." Nevertheless, his opponent in the presidential election, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was the favorite to win the presidential election and, in fact, won the popular vote by about 250,000 votes (with about 8.5 million voters in total).

Election of 1876

However, as with all elections, the decision was left to the U.S. Electoral College, where the votes of four states were contested. In order to win, the candidates had to muster 185 votes: Tilden was short just one, with 184 votes, Hayes had 165, with 20 votes representing four states were contested. To make matters worse, three of these states (Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina) were in the South, which was still under military occupation.

After months of deliberation and bargaining, Southern Democrats were assured that if Hayes were elected, he would pull federal troops out of the south and end Reconstruction. In return, the Democrats agreed to a committee to determine the final outcome of the election. The committee, which consisted of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, voted to give all the disputed electoral votes to Hayes. The Republicans justified this by claiming that the problem in these states was over who had the right to vote. The Democrats, on the other hand, felt that they had been robbed of the presidency, and called Hayes "Rutherfraud."

Notable legislation

During his presidency Hayes signed a number of bills including one signed on February 15, 1879 which, for the first time, allowed female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.

Post-Presidency

He died in Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, January 17, 1893. Interment was in Oakwood Cemetery. Following the gift of his home to the State of Ohio for the Spiegel Grove State Park he was reinterred there in 1915.