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{{Infobox_Governor
|name= Howard Brush Dean III
|image=Howard dean.jpg
|width=200px
|caption=Dean at DNC event in 2006
|office=]
|predecessor=]
|successor=]
|term_start=]
|order2=79<sup>th</sup>
|office2= Governor of Vermont
|term_start2= ], ]
|term_end2= ], ]
|lieutenant2= ] (1993-1997) <br> ] (1997-2003)
|predecessor2= ]
|successor2= ]
|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1948|11|17}}
|birth_place= {{flagicon|New York}} ]
|spouse= ]
|profession= ] / ]
|party= ]
|religion= ]
|footnotes=
}}
'''Howard Brush Dean III''', ] (born ], ]) is an ] ] and ] from the ] of ], and currently the chairman of the ], the central organization of the ] at the national level. Before entering politics, Dean received his ] from the ] in 1978. Dean was elected to the ] as a ] in 1982 and was elected ] in 1986. Both were part-time positions that enabled him to continue practicing medicine. In ], Dean became ] when ] died in office. Dean was subsequently elected to five two-year terms, serving as governor from 1991 to 2003, making him the second longest-serving Governor in ], after ] (1778–1789 and 1790–1797). Dean served as chairman of the ] from 1994 to 1995; during his term, Vermont paid off much of its ] and had a ] 11 times, lowering ]es twice. Dean also oversaw the expansion of the "]" program, which ensures ] for children and ] women in the state.

An early ] in the ], Dean denounced the ] along with Democrats who he felt should have more strongly opposed the ], and showed strong ] ability; however, he eventually lost the nomination to ] ] of ]. Dean formed the organization ] and later was elected chairman of the ] in ].

==Early life and education==
===East Hampton and New York City childhood===
Dean was born in ], to Howard Brush Dean, Jr. and Andrée Belden Maitland, an art appraiser.<ref name="coolpassion">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101030811-472817,00.html | title=The cool passion of Dr. Dean. | publisher=] | date=August 3, 2003 | first=John | last=Cloud | accessdate = 2006-08-18}}</ref> He is the oldest of their four children, all boys.<ref name="coolpassion" />

Howard's father worked at Dean Witter so the family was quite wealthy, Republican, and belonged to the very exclusive ] in ]. As a child he spent much of his time growing up in ]; the family built a house on Hook Pond<ref></ref> there in the mid-1950s. There the boys — Howard, ], ] and Bill — "rode bikes, played with a model train set, built elaborate underground forts." While in New York, the family had a three-bedroom apartment on the ] part of ], where Dean still sometimes stays.<ref name="coolpassion"/>

Howard attended the ] in ] until he was 13, then went to ], a ] in ], ].<ref>Grove, Lloyd. "Dean looks back, dryly." November 2, 2003.<sup> </sup></ref>

Political opponents have been reluctant to seize upon Dean's privileged early life. ] quoted one of Dean's friends in his youth as saying "By Hamptons standards, the Deans were not rich. No ]s in Africa or ]s in ]. Howard's father went to work every day. He didn't own a company, or have a father or grandfather who founded one, as mine did."<ref>Sailer, Steve. "Analysis: Is Howard Dean a modern Puritan?" UPI. October 16, 2003.<sup></sup></ref> ] wrote in the '']'' that "he doesn't seem like a ]. I know it's not nice to deal in ]s, but there seems very little ], or ], for that matter, in Mr. Dean...He seems unpolished, doesn't hide his aggression, is proudly pugnacious. He doesn't look or act the part of the WASP...It will be harder for Republicans to tag Mr. Dean as Son of the ] than it was for Democrats to tag Bush One as Heir to ] Country Day. He just doesn't act the part."<ref>Noonan, Peggy. "The Dean Disappointment." ''The Wall Street Journal''. January 8, 2004.<sup></sup></ref>

===The Yale years===
Dean attended ]. As a freshman, he requested specifically to room with an ]. The university housing office complied and Dean roomed with two ] black students and one white student from ].<ref>Gilgoff, Dan. "The Yale Men." ''U.S. News & World Report''. December 29, 2003.<sup></sup></ref> One of Dean's roommates was Ralph Dawson, the son of a sheet metal worker in ], ] and today a New York City labor lawyer. Dawson said of Dean:
{{cquote|Unless you operated from a stereotypic understanding of the Yale white boy as rich, you wouldn’t know that about Howard…When it came to race — and I don’t know whether this was a function of intent or just came naturally — Howard was not patronizing in any way. He was willing to confront in discussion what a lot of white students weren’t. He would hold his ground. He would respect that I knew forty-two million times more about being black than he did. But that didn't mean he couldn’t hold a view on something relating to ] that would be as valid as mine. There were lots of well-meaning people at Yale who wanted you to understand that they understood your plight; you’d get into a conversation and they would yield too soon, so we didn’t get the full benefit of the exchange. Howard very much thought he was capable of working an issue through. He was inquisitive. And when he came to a conclusion he would be as strong as anybody else. I don't think he's stubborn. He’s a guy who's always been comfortable in his own skin. That’s something you still see in him today, and it gets him into some degree of controversy.<ref>{{cite news
|last=Singer
|first=Mark
|title=Running on Instinct
|work=]
|date=January 12, 2004
|url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040112fa_fact
|accessdate=
}}</ref>}}

At Yale, Dean was a member of the ] ]. He graduated with a ] in ] in 1971.

Though now eligible to be conscripted into the military, he received a draft deferment for an unfused vertebra. He spent the next year, according to '']'' magazine, "skiing and bumming around...He hit the slopes, tried ], washed dishes, poured concrete and drank impressive amounts of beer." He returned home and briefly tried a career as a ] before deciding on a career in medicine, completing pre-medicine classes at ]. In 1974, Dean's younger brother ], who had been traveling through ] at the time, was captured and killed by ] ], a tragedy widely reported to have an enormous influence in Dean's life; he wore his brother's belt every day of his presidential campaign.

===The move to Vermont as a doctor===
Dean received his ] from the ] in ] and began a ] at the ]. In ], he married fellow doctor ], whom he met in ], and together they began a family medical practice in ], ] (where she continued to use her ] to avoid confusion).

==Personal life==
Dean has kept an unusually strict separation between his political career and his personal life. His wife, who has continued practicing medicine, mostly stayed out of the limelight during his presidential campaign, giving few interviews and not traveling with her husband on the campaign trail until the final days in ] and ]. She maintained that if her husband were elected president, she would continue practicing medicine and forgo many of the traditional activities of the ]. She had shunned the limelight of the campaign until Dean's later much-publicized "scream" gaffe. Dean brought her out for a lengthy sit-down network interview, where she dismissed the "scream" as silly.

Though he was raised an ], Dean joined the ] in ] after a dispute with the local Episcopal ] over a bike trail (see below). By his own account, he does not attend church "very often"; at one point, when asked to name his favorite book in the ], he offered the ] ], then corrected himself an hour later.<ref>{{cite news
|last=VandeHei
|first=Jim
|title=Dean Now Willing to Discuss His Faith
|work=Washington Post
|date=January 4, 2004
|page=A01
|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A52646-2004Jan3&notFound=true
|accessdate=2007-04-15
}}</ref> Dean has stated he is more "spiritual" than religious. He and his wife have raised their two children, Anne and Paul, in ].

A personal finance statement filed for his presidential campaign put the couple's net worth between US$2.2 and $5 million.

==Vermont political career==
In 1980, Dean spearheaded a (successful) grassroots campaign to stop a ] development on ], instead favoring the construction of a bicycle trail. The effort succeeded, and helped launch his political career. That same year, he was also a volunteer for ]'s re-election campaign. In ], he was elected to the ], where he remained until being elected ] in ]. Both were part-time positions which enabled him to continue practicing medicine.

On ], ], Dean was examining a patient when he received word that then-Governor ] had died of a heart attack while Snelling was cleaning his own swimming pool. Dean assumed the office, which he called the "greatest job in Vermont." He was subsequently elected to five two-year terms in his own right, making him the second longest-serving governor in Vermont's history. From ] to ], Dean was the chairman of the ].

Dean was faced with an economic recession and a $60 million budget deficit. He bucked many in his own party to immediately push for a balanced budget (Vermont is the only state whose constitution does not require one), an act which marked the beginning of a record of fiscal restraint. During his tenure as governor, the state paid off much of its debt, balanced its budget eleven times, raised its bond rating, and lowered income taxes twice.

Dean also focused on health care issues, most notably through the "]" program, which ensures near-universal health coverage for children and pregnant women in the state; the uninsured rate in Vermont dropped from 12.7% to 9.6% under his watch. Child abuse and teen pregnancy rates were cut roughly in half.

By far the most controversial decision of his career, and the first to draw serious national attention came in ], when the Vermont Supreme Court ruled that the state's marriage laws unconstitutionally excluded same-sex couples and ordered that the state legislature either allow gays and lesbians to marry or create a parallel status. Facing calls to amend the state constitution to prohibit either option, Dean chose to support the latter one, and signed the nation's first ]s legislation into law, spurring a short-lived "Take Back Vermont" movement which helped Republicans gain control of the State House.

Dean would receive some criticism during his 2004 presidential campaign for another decision related to ]s. Shortly before leaving office, he had some of his ] papers sealed for at least the next decade, a timeframe far longer than most outgoing governors use. He claimed he was protecting the privacy of many gay supporters who sent him personal letters about the issue. On the campaign trail, he angrily demanded that Vice President ] release his energy committee papers. Many people, including then-Democratic Senator ] of ], accused Dean of hypocrisy.

As governor, Dean was endorsed by the ] several times, furthering his moderate image; though he never returned the endorsement, nor was he ever a member of the NRA.

=== Vermont election results ===
:''Source: Vermont Secretary of State''<ref>http://vermont-archives.org/govhistory/elect/</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Office
!color=000000, rowspan=11|

!Incumbent
!Party
!Votes
!Pct
!color=000000, rowspan=11|

!Challenger
!Party
!Votes
!Pct
!color=000000, rowspan=11|

!3rd Party
!Party
!Votes
!Pct
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''<ref>Dean was not the incumbent, the district of Chittenden 7-4 was being used for the first time.</ref>
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |596
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |66.4%

|Timothy K. McKenzie
|]
|300
|33.4%

| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |1092
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |98.9%

|
|
|
|
|

| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Susan Auld<ref>Auld was not the incumbent, ], a fellow Republican, did not seek reelection but instead ran unsuccessfully for Governor.</ref>
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |84,413
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |44.4%

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |99,929
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |52.5%

| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |154,660
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |66.5%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Pan B. Zolotas
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |69,731
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |30.0%

| |Lisa Steckler
| |]
| |7,952
| |3.4%
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |120,956
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |58.1%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Michael Bernhardt
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |80,706
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |38.7%

| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |213,523
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |74.73%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |John McClaughry
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |65,837
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |23.04%

| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |145,661
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |68.6%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |David F. Kelley
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |40,292
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |19.0%

| |Thomas J. Morse
| |]
| |15,000
| |7.0%
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |179,544
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |70.5%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |John L. Gropper
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |57,161
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |22.4%

| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |121,425
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |55.6%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Ruth Dwyer
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |89,726
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |41.1%

| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
|]
|]

|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''Howard Dean'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |148,059
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |50.4%

|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Ruth Dwyer
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |111,359
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |37.9%

| |Anthony Pollina
| |]
| |28,116
| |9.5%
|}

==2004 presidential candidacy==
]

Dean began his bid for President as a "long shot" candidate. '']'' ranked him eighth out of 12 in a list of potential presidential contenders in May of 2002. That summer, his campaign was featured as the cover article in '']'' and in the following months he received expanded media attention. His campaign slowly gained steam, and by autumn of 2003, Dean had become the apparent frontrunner for the Democratic nomination, performing strongly in most polls and outpacing his rivals in fundraising. This latter feat was attributed mainly to his innovative embrace of the Internet for campaigning, and the majority of his donations came from individual Dean supporters, who came to be known as ''Deanites'', or, more commonly, '']s''. (Critics often labeled them "Deany Boppers", or "Deanie Babies", a reference to his support from young activists.)

During his presidential campaign, ] critics labeled Dean's political views as those of an extreme ]; however, in liberal ], Dean, long known as a staunch advocate of fiscal restraint, was regarded as a moderate. Many left-wing critics who supported fellow Democrat ] or independent ] charged that, at heart, Dean was a "]" — socially liberal, while fiscally conservative.
===Message and themes===
Dean began his campaign by emphasizing health care and fiscal responsibility, and championing grassroots fundraising as a way to fight ]. However, his opposition to the ] (and his forceful criticism of Democrats in Congress who voted to authorize the use of force) quickly eclipsed other issues. By challenging the war in Iraq at a time when mainstream Democratic leaders were either neutral or cautiously supportive, Dean positioned himself to appeal to his party's activist base. Dean often quoted the late Minnesota Senator ] (who had recently died in a plane crash) as saying that he represented "the Democratic wing of the Democratic Party". His message resonated among frustrated Democratic primary voters who felt that their party hadn't done enough to oppose the policies of the ]. Thus, Dean also succeeded in differentiating himself from his primary opponents.

Dean's approach organizationally was also novel. His campaign made extensive use of the Internet, pioneering techniques that were subsequently adopted by politicians of all political persuasions. His supporters organized real-world meetings, participated in online forums, donated money online, canvassed for advertising ideas, and distributed political talking points. In terms of money, publicity and activism, Dean therefore quickly staked out a leadership position in the field of candidates. In this way, he was able to bypass existing party and activist infrastructure and built his own online network of supporters. In terms of traditional "ground troops", however, Dean remained at a disadvantage. Dean adopted a coffee shop strategy to visit grassroot activists in all 99 Iowa counties, but he lacked the campaign infrastructure to get voters to the polls that his opponents had.

===Fundraising===
]

In the "]" of raising campaign dollars, Howard Dean led the Democratic pack in the early stages of the 2004 campaign. Among the candidates, he ranked first in total raised ($25.4 million as of ], ]) and first in cash-on-hand ($12.4 million). However, even this performance paled next to that of ], who by that date had raised $84.6 million for the Republican primary campaign, in which he had no real challenger. Prior to the 2004 primary season, the Democratic record for most money raised in one quarter by a primary candidate was held by ] in 1995, raising $10.3 million during a campaign in which he had no primary opponent. In the third quarter of 2003, the Dean campaign raised $14.8 million, shattering Clinton's record. All told, Dean's campaign raised around $50 million.

While presidential campaigns have traditionally obtained finance by tapping wealthy, established political donors, Dean's funds came largely in small donations over the Internet; the average overall donation size was just under $80. This method of fundraising offered several important advantages over traditional fundraising, in addition to the inherent media interest in what was then a novelty. First, raising money on the Internet was relatively inexpensive, compared to conventional methods such as events, telemarketing, and direct mail campaigns. Secondly, as donors on average contributed far less than the legal limit ($2,000 per individual), the campaign could continue to resolicit them throughout the election season.

Dean's director of grassroots fundraising, ], came up with the idea of the popular fundraising "bat", an image of a cartoon baseball player and bat which appeared on the site every time the campaign launched a fundraising challenge. The bat encouraged Web site visitors to contribute money immediately through their credit cards. This would lead to the bat filling up like a ] with the red color indicating the total funds. The site often took suggestions from the ] on their blog. One of these suggestions led to one of the campaigns biggest accomplishments — an image of Dean eating a turkey sandwich encouraged supporters to donate $250,000 in three days to match a big-donor dinner by Vice President Dick Cheney. The online contributions from that day matched what Cheney made from his fundraiser.<ref></ref>

In November 2003, after a much-publicized online vote among his followers, Dean became the first Democrat to forgo federal matching funds (and the spending limits that go with them) since the system was established in ]. (] later followed his lead.) In addition to state-by-state spending limits for the primaries, the system limits a candidate to spending only $44.6 million until the ] in July, which sum would almost certainly run out soon after the early primary season. (] declined federal matching funds in ] and did so again for the ] campaign.)

In a sign that the Dean campaign was starting to think beyond the primaries, they began in late 2003 to speak of a "$100 revolution" in which 2 million Americans would give $100 in order to compete with Bush.

===Endorsements===
Though Dean lagged in early endorsements, he acquired many critical ones as his campaign snowballed. By the time of the Iowa caucuses, he led among commitments from ]s — elected officials and party officers entitled to convention votes by virtue of their positions. On ], ], he received the endorsements of the ] and the ]. Dean received the endorsement of former Vice President and presidential candidate ], on ], ]. In the following weeks Dean was endorsed by former U.S. senators ] and ], unsuccessful Democratic presidential candidates from the 2000 and 2004 primaries, respectively.

Other high-profile endorsers included:<ref>Politics 1, , page archived in 2004. Retrieved Nov. 27, 2006.</ref>
* Governors (and former Governors) ], ], ], ], the late ]
* Senators (and former Senators) ], ], ], ], ]
* Representatives (and former Representatives) ], ], ], ]
* ] Mayor (and current governor of Maryland) ]
* Dean also won the backing of lesser-known political figures, such as former Indiana State Senator and 1984 gubernatorial nominee ].

Several celebrities from the entertainment industry also endorsed him, including ], ], ], ], and ]<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=]
|url=http://www.hbo.com/docs/programs/diaryofapoliticaltourist/trail/howard_dean.html
|title=Diary Entry: Meeting Doctor Dean
|date=March 10, 2003
|accessdate=Nov. 27, 2006}}</ref>

Many pundits would blame such endorsements for the campaign's eventual collapse. Dean was running as an outsider, and accepting the support of such establishment figures was seen by some as hypocritical.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}

===Iowa results and the "Dean Scream"===
On ], ], Dean's campaign suffered a blow when a last-minute surge by rivals ] and ] led to a disappointing third-place defeat for Dean in the ], representing the first votes cast in ] season. Dean had been a strong contender for weeks in advance in that state, battling with ] for first place in the polls. To the surprise of the Dean and Gephardt campaigns, Dean finished third in Iowa behind Kerry and John Edwards, with Gephardt finishing fourth. Since Dean had spent months leading Iowa tracking polls, his third-place finish was widely considered a sign that the campaign was losing momentum.

Dean, who had been suffering with a severe bout of the flu for several days, attended a post-caucus rally for his volunteers at the Val-Air Ballroom in West Des Moines, Iowa and delivered his ] speech, aimed at cheering up those in attendance. Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience, but the crowd noise was being filtered out by his ], leaving only his full-throated exhortations audible to the television viewers. To those at home, he seemed to raise his voice out of sheer emotion. Additionally, Dean began his speech with a flushed-red face, clenching his teeth as he rolled up his sleeves.<ref name="CBS040126">{{cite news
|first=Eric
|last=Salzman
|publisher=]
|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/01/26/politics/main596021.shtml
|title=Dean's Scream: Not What It Seemed
|date=January 26, 2004
|accessdate=November 27, 2006.}}</ref>

According to a '']'' ] written by Verne Gay, some members of the television audience criticized the speech as loud, peculiar, and unpresidential.<ref>Verne Gay, ], , January 21, 2004. Retrieved Nov. 27, 2006.</ref> In particular, this quote from the speech was aired repeatedly in the days following the caucus:

{{cquote|Not only are we going to New Hampshire, ], we're going to South Carolina and Oklahoma and Arizona and North Dakota and New Mexico, and we're going to California and Texas and New York … And we're going to South Dakota and Oregon and Washington and Michigan, and then we're going to Washington, D.C., to take back the White House! Yeaararh!!!}}

Senator Harkin was on stage with Dean, holding his suit jacket. This final "Yeeaarrah!!!" has become known in American political folklore as either "the Dean Scream" or the "I Have a Scream" speech (an allusion to "]"). The incident was also parodied on '']'', with ] portraying the part of Dean saying:

{{cquote|You know something? We're not just gonna go to to New Hampshire, Tom Harkin. We're gonna go to New York! We're gonna to Vermont! We're gonna go to Oregon! We're gonna go to Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania! We're going to Cancun for spring break! We're gonna go to Montreal! We're going to Vancouver! I'm going all over the world and then I'm coming all the way to Washington D.C. to take back the White House! BYAAAH! BYAAAH!}}

Dean conceded that the speech did not project the best image, jokingly referring to it as a "crazy, red-faced rant" on the '']''. In an interview later that week with ], he said he was "a little sheepish ... but I'm not apologetic".<ref>{{cite web
|first=Diane
|last=Sawyer
|publisher=]
|url=http://abcnews.go.com/sections/Primetime/US/howard_judy_dean_transcript_040122-1.html
|title=The Doctors’ Words; Transcript: Howard Dean and Judy Dean Speak to ABCNEWS’ Primetime
|date=January 22, 2004
|accessdate=September 10, 2004}} (available on archive.org as of January 27, 2007.)</ref> Sawyer and many others in the national broadcast news media later expressed some regret about overplaying the story.<ref name="CBS040126" /> In fact, ] issued a public apology and admitted in a statement that they indeed may have "overplayed" the incident. The incessant replaying of the "Dean Scream" by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of ]. The scream scene was shown an estimated 633 times by cable and broadcast news networks in just four days following the incident, a number that does not include talk shows and local news broadcasts.<ref>Loyola Phoenix, , 2/11/04. Retrieved Nov. 27, 2006.</ref> However, those who were in the actual audience that day insist that they were not aware of the infamous scream until they returned to their hotel rooms and saw it on TV.<ref name="CBS040126" /> Dean said after the general election in 2004 that his microphone only picked up his voice and did not also capture the loud cheering he received from the audience as a result of the speech.

On ], ] Dean again suffered a defeat, finishing second to Kerry in the ]. As late as one week before the first votes were cast in Iowa's caucuses, Dean had enjoyed a 30% lead in ] ]; accordingly, this loss represented another major setback to his campaign.

Iowa and New Hampshire were only the first in a string of losses for the Dean campaign, culminating in a third place showing in the ] primary on ], ]. Two days before the Wisconsin primary, campaign advisor Steve Grossman "announced" through an article written by '']'' Dean campaign correspondent Jodi Wilgoren that he would offer his services to any of the other major candidates "should Dean not win in Wisconsin". This "scoop" further undermined Dean's campaign. Grossman later issued a public apology. The next day, Dean announced that his candidacy had "come to an end", though he continued to urge people to vote for him, so that Dean delegates would be selected for the convention and could influence the party platform. He later won the Vermont primaries on ], ], ]. This latter victory, a surprise even to Dean, was due in part to the lack of a serious anti-Kerry candidate in Vermont (] had declined to put his name on the state's ballot, expecting Dean to win in a landslide), and in part to a television ad produced, funded, and aired in Vermont by grassroots Dean supporters.

===Impact===
], ] issue of '']'' magazine; Dean was considered the Democratic ] at the time.]]
While his presidential bid ultimately ended in failure, Dean's supporters{{Who|date=December 2007}} felt it was not a lost cause. His campaign served to frame the White House race by tapping in to voters' concerns about the war in Iraq, energizing Democrats, and sharpening criticism of incumbent ]. At present, many political pundits{{Who|date=December 2007}} affirm that Dean's contribution was "cathartic" for the party.{{Fact|date=December 2007}} Dean's lone Pennsylvania delegate, State Rep. ] of Philadelphia, said Dean's decision, ultimately emulated by Kerry, to forgo primary federal matching funds and exceed the matching fund spending limits "marked the day the Democratic Party became a serious contender for national power in 2004."{{Fact|date=December 2007}}

On ], ] it was reported that ] and ] were in early talks about making a "political thriller" based on Howard Dean’s 2004 campaign, tentatively titled '']''.<ref></ref>

===Campaign timeline===

* ], ] — Files paperwork to run for ]
* March, ] — Campaign signs deal with ] to integrate Meetup functionality directly into the main page of the campaign website
* ], ] — Formally announced candidacy for ] in ]
* ], ] — Announces intention to forgo federal campaign financing (and hence primary spending limit), following online vote of supporters
* ], ] — Receives endorsement from former ] ], angering former Gore running mate Joe Lieberman
* ], ] — Receives endorsement from ], former US senator and Gore's rival for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 2000
* ], ] — ] drops out of the race and announces her support for Dean, saying that "Governor Dean is the candidate best-equipped to bring Americans together, to renew our country, and restore our ], our ] and our economic ]."
* ], ] — "Dean Scream" after Iowa Caucus
* ], ] — Appoints ] as ] of his campaign, essentially replacing campaign manager ]. Trippi resigns after being offered a lesser position
* ], ] — Dean ends his campaign for president after coming in a distant 3rd place in the Wisconsin primary on ], 2004
* ], ] — Dean wins a primary in his home state of Vermont
* ], ] — Dean launches ], an ] dedicated to returning political power to the community level
* ], ] — Dean endorses ]

''See also ], ].''

==Post-campaign and Democracy for America==
Following Dean's withdrawal after the Wisconsin primary, he pledged to support the eventual Democratic nominee. Though many supporters encouraged him to support the only remaining "non-establishment candidate," John Edwards, he remained neutral until John Kerry became the presumptive nominee. Dean endorsed Kerry on ], 2004, in a speech at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

On ], 2004, Dean founded the group ]. This group was created to house the large, Internet-based organization Dean created for his presidential campaign. Its goal is to help like-minded candidates get elected to local, state and federal offices. It has endorsed several sets of twelve candidates known as the ]. Dean turned over control of the organization to his brother, ], when he became Chairman of the ].

Dean strongly urged his supporters to support Kerry as opposed to ], arguing that a vote for Nader would only help to re-elect President Bush because he believed that most who vote for Nader are likely to have voted for Kerry if Ralph Nader was not running. Dean argued that Nader would be more effective if he lobbied on election law reform issues during his campaign. Dean supported several election law reform issues such as ], and ].

==Tenure as DNC Chair==
Dean was elected Chairman of the ] on ], 2005, after all his opponents dropped out of the race when it became apparent Dean had the votes to become Chair. Those opponents included former Congressman ], former Denver Mayor ], former Congressman and 9/11 Commissioner ], and strategists ], ], and ]. Other prominent Democrats considered running but ultimately declined.

Many prominent Democrats opposed Dean's campaign; House Leader ] and Senate Leader ] are rumored to be among them. Dean satisfied his critics by promising to focus on fundraising and campaigning as DNC Chair, and avoid policy statements.
===50-state strategy===
After Dean became Chairman of the DNC, he pledged to bring reform to the Party. Rather than focusing just on 'swing states,' Dean proposed what has come to be known as the ]. The goal, the DNC says, is for the Democratic Party to be committed to winning elections at every level in every region of the country, with Democrats organized in every single ] in the country. State party chairs have lauded Dean with praise for raising money directly for the individual state parties.

Dean’s strategy uses a post-Watergate model taken from the Republicans of the mid-seventies. Working at the local, state and national level, the GOP built the party from the ground up. Dean's plan is to seed the local level with young and committed candidates, building them into state candidates in future races. Dean has traveled extensively throughout the country with the plan, including places like ], ], and ], states in which Republicans have dominated the political landscape.

Further changes have been made in attempting to make the stated platform of the Democratic Party more coherent and compact. Overhauling the website, the official platform of the 2004 campaign, which was largely criticized as avoiding key issues and being the product of party insiders, was replaced with a simplified, though comprehensive categorizing of positions on a wide range of issues. This strategy paid off in a historic victory as the Democrats took over control of the ] and the ] in the ]. While it is likely this is also attributable to the shortcomings of the Republican Party in their dealings with the ] and the scandals that occurred shortly before the election, Dean's emphasis on connecting with socially conservative, economic moderates in previous Republican states appears to have made some impact. Indeed, Democratic candidates won elections in such ] as ], ], and ].

The 50-state strategy relies on the idea that building the Democratic Party is at once an incremental election by election process as well as a long-term vision in party building. Democrats cannot compete in counties in which they do not field candidates. Therefore, candidate recruitment has emerged as a component element of the 50-state strategy.

As a vision of party building, the DNC works in partnership with state Democratic parties in bringing the resources of the DNC to bear in electoral efforts, voter registration, candidate recruitment and all interlocking component elements of party building.

Decentralization is a core component of the party's approach. Each state party has unique needs in facilitating party building. Yet, each state party can improve upon its efforts through the distribution of resources from the national party.

===Fundraising===
Through ] fundraising Howard Dean has been able to raise millions more than the previous ] Chairman at the same point after the ] election. Dean has raised the most money by any DNC Chairman in a similar post election period. This was especially apparent when the Federal Election Commission reported that the DNC had raised roughly $86.3 million in the first six months of 2005, an increase of over 50% on the amount raised during the same period of 2003. In comparison, the RNC fundraising activities represented a gain of only 2%. Additional attempts to capitalize on this trend was the introduction of "Democracy Bonds", a program under which small donors would give a set amount every month. Although it only reached over 31,000 donors by May 2006, far off-pace from the stated goal of 1 million by 2008, it has, nonetheless, contributed considerably to the funding of the DNC. Dean has continued to further develop online fundraising at the DNC. Just one month before Election Day 2006, he became the first to introduce the concept of a "grassroots match," where donors to the DNC pledged to match the first donation made by a new contributor. The DNC claims that the resulting flood of contributions led to 10,000 first-time donors in just a few days.

==Controversial statements==
Dean has made numerous controversial statements, both during his run for the presidency and during his tenure as DNC chair, mostly relating to either ] or the ]:
{{wikiquote|Howard Dean}}

During a teleconference with reporters on ], ], Dean claimed, "No doctor is going to do an abortion on a live fetus. That doesn't happen. Doctors don't do that. If they do, they'll get their license pulled, as well they should."<ref>Carol Tobias, ], , Feb. 2004</ref>

On ], ], Dean spoke to a crowd at the ] in ] while vying to be the DNC chairman, saying, "I hate the Republicans and everything they stand for."<ref></ref> He later clarified on '']'' by saying that he didn't mean he hated Republicans as individuals, but he "hates what done to this country."<ref></ref>

In ] ], Dean spoke concerning the controversial ] case '']'' regarding the scope of government to use ] to seize private property. Chairman Dean claimed the ruling was the result of "the President and his right-wing Supreme Court". The dissent, however, was written by Justice ] and joined by Justices ] and ]. ] also joined the dissent.<ref></ref>

On ], ], Dean appeared on '']'' and incorrectly stated that "he ] ] from 2004 says ] is between a man and a woman". The error resulted in widespread outrage against and criticism of Dean from ] and ] groups and individuals, even after the ] issued a statement the following day in which Dean wrote, "I misstated the Democratic Party's platform, which does not say that marriage should be limited to a man and a woman, but says the party is committed to full inclusion of ] and ] families in the life of our nation and leaves the issue to the states to decide. The Democratic Party remains committed to equal protection under the law for all Americans. How we achieve that goal continues to be the subject of a contentious debate, but our party continues to oppose ] that seek to short circuit the debate on how to achieve equality for all Americans."<ref>Joshua Lynsen, ], , May 10, 2006. Retrieved Nov. 27, 2006.</ref>
On ], ], speaking at the ]'s state convention, Dean said this of then-] ], who was under investigation at the time for House ethics violations, prior to being charged with ], "I think ] ought to go back to ], where he can serve his jail sentence down there courtesy of the ] taxpayers."<ref></ref> Rep. ] (D-MA) later said that that remark was "inappropriate".

== Notes and references ==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*Dean, Howard. ''You Have the Power: How to Take Back Our Country and Restore Democracy in America''. Simon & Schuster, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-7013-4
*Dean, Howard. ''Winning Back America''. Simon & Schuster, 2003. ISBN 0-7432-5571-2
*Dunnan, Dana. ''Burning at the Grassroots: Inside the Dean Machine''. Pagefree (vanity press), 2004. ISBN 1-58961-261-2
*Trippi, Joe. ''The Revolution Will Not Be Televised''. ReganBooks, 2004. ISBN 0-06-076155-5
*Van Susteren, Dirk. ''Howard Dean: A Citizen's Guide to the Man Who Would Be President''. Steerforth, 2003. ISBN 1-58642-075-5

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Howard Dean}}
===Official===
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===Media===
* ] ]
*A copy of the speech, in addition to an audio file available for ], is available .
* at ] on June 10, 2006

===Other===
* on the ] show October 2006
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* Photograph of the official portrait of Howard Dean at the Vermont State House by Sara Lovering
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* — includes King ]
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{{Persondata
|NAME= Dean, Howard
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Dean, Howard Brush III
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Chairman of the Democratic National Committee
|DATE OF BIRTH= 17 NOV 1948
|PLACE OF BIRTH= New York City, New York
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dean, Howard}}
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Revision as of 16:31, 14 January 2008

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