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| | author = Priestley, J. | |||
| | year = 1778 | |||
| | title = A Free Discussion of the Doctrines of Materialism, and Philosophical Necessity, in a Correspondence Between Dr. Price and Dr. Priestley. | |||
| | publisher = Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church-Yard, and T. Cadell, in the Strand | |||
| | isbn = | |||
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Definition
The word spiritualism is used within philosophy to characterize systems of thought that affirm the existence of immaterial realities beyond to the physical senses. Philosophical Spiritualism embraces a wide number of highly diverse philosophies and can apply to any one that accepts an personal God, the immortality of the spirit and the immateriality of the intellect or will. It is associated with philosophical school of idealism, especially in Europe
The word spirit, above, can be substituted for “mind” or "soul.
Difference between Spiritualism (philosophy) and Materialism
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Materialism |
Spiritualism |
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Monism : only one substance exists. |
Dualism : two substances exists : matter & mind |
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Humankind can be known or described by only matter. |
Humankind does not consist of only matter. |
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Absence of beliefs in "supernatural", atheism. |
Beliefs : God, soul, next world, reincarnation, superstitions, supernatural systems of explanation. |
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Humankind has an illusion of autonomy. It is subjected to determinism or random. |
Humankind is autonomous or free. |
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Self-consciousness is an illusion that is generated by the complexity of the organization of matter. |
Soul is autonomous. |
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Absence of meaning to life. Humankind fixes itself his own destiny. |
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Humankind dominates nature. |
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Humankind is a product of evolution. |
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What are called "mysteries" are only questions unsolved by sciences. |
There are mysteries that the Humankind reason cannot and will never be able to solve. |
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Our ignorance must be accepted. |
Ignorance is transformed into transcendence "stopgap" or substitute, like God. |
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Priority is given to the research of the "how". |
Priority is given to the research of the "why". |
See also
References
Bibliography
- Tamm, J.M. (1979). "Materialism and spiritualism: the dualistic way of Western thinking". Psychother Psychosom. 31 (1–4): 344–9.
- Bahm, A.J. (1947). "Spiritualism, materialism, organicism". Philosophical Quarterly: An Organ of the Indian Institute of Philosophy and the Indian Philosophical Congress. 23: 105–108.
- Vitzthum, R.C. (1995). Materialism: An Affirmative History and Definition. Prometheus Books.
- Priestley, J. (1778). A Free Discussion of the Doctrines of Materialism, and Philosophical Necessity, in a Correspondence Between Dr. Price and Dr. Priestley. Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church-Yard, and T. Cadell, in the Strand.
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