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| {{Redirect2|Fail|Phail|Failure}} | |||
| {{wiktionarypar|failure}} | |||
| {{wiktionary|fail}} | |||
| '''Failure''' (or '''flop''') in general refers to the state or ] of not meeting a desirable or intended objective. It may be viewed as the opposite of ]. | |||
| == Criteria for failure == | |||
| The criteria for failure are heavily dependent on context of use, and may be ] to a particular ] or ]. A situation considered to be a failure by one might be considered a success by another, particularly in cases of direct ] or a ] ]. As well, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a failure, another might consider to be a success, a qualified success or a neutral situation. | |||
| It may also be difficult or impossible to ascertain whether a situation meets criteria for failure or success due to ambiguous or ill-defined definition of those criteria. Finding useful and effective criteria, or ]s, to judge the success or failure of a situation may itself be a significant task. | |||
| == Flavors of failure == | |||
| Failure can be differentially perceived from the viewpoints of the evaluators. A person who is only interested in the final outcome of an activity would consider it to be an ''Outcome Failure'' if the core issue has not been resolved or a core need is not met. A failure can also be a ''process failure'' whereby although the activity is completed successfully, a person may still feel dissatisfied if the underlying process is perceived to be below expected standard or benchmark. | |||
| #Failure to ] | |||
| #Failure to ] | |||
| == Commercial failures == | |||
| A '''commercial failure''' is a ] that does not reach expectations of success, failing to come even close. A major flop goes one step further and is recognized for its complete lack of success. | |||
| Most of the items listed below had high expectations, significant financial investments, and/or widespread publicity, but fell far short of success. Due to the subjective nature of "success" and "meeting expectations", there can be disagreement about what constitutes a "major flop." | |||
| *For flops in computer and video gaming, see ] | |||
| *For company failures related to the 1997–2001 ], see ] | |||
| *See also ] | |||
| == Other failures == | |||
| *For military disasters, see ] | |||
| *For events that were highly anticipated but either did not happen or turned out to be disappointing, see ] | |||
| == See also == | |||
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| == References == | |||
| <div class="references-small" > | |||
| <references/> | |||
| * Charles Perrow, ''Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies'', New Tork: Basic Books, 1983. Paperback reprint, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-691-00412-9 | |||
| * ] ''Born Losers: A History of Failure in America''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-674-01510-X, ISBN 0-674-02107-X | |||
| </div> | |||
| == External links == | |||
| {{wikiquote}} | |||
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Revision as of 20:36, 20 February 2008
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