| Revision as of 09:07, 24 April 2008 editFainites (talk | contribs)20,907 edits removal of OR← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:10, 24 April 2008 edit undoFainites (talk | contribs)20,907 edits replaved sourced edit on Rutters contribution and add tag to unsourced editNext edit → | ||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| He has published over 40 books including 'Maternal Deprivation Reassessed' (1972) <ref name="FJP">Rutter, M (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed, Second edition, Harmondsworth, Penguin.</ref> which New Society describes as 'A classic in the field of child care'<ref name="FJP">Rutter (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed, Second edition, Harmondsworth, Penguin.</ref>. In this work he re-evaluated the theory of [[Maternal deprivation|Maternal | He has published over 40 books including 'Maternal Deprivation Reassessed' (1972) <ref name="FJP">Rutter, M (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed, Second edition, Harmondsworth, Penguin.</ref> which New Society describes as 'A classic in the field of child care'<ref name="FJP">Rutter (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed, Second edition, Harmondsworth, Penguin.</ref>. In this work he re-evaluated the theory of [[Maternal deprivation|Maternal | ||
| Deprivation]] which had been developed by ] in 1951<ref name="DJP">Bowlby, J (1951) Maternal Care and Mental Health, World Health Organisation WHO</ref>. ]Bowlby had proposed that “the infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment” and that not to do so may have significant and irreversible mental health consequences. This theory was both influential and controversial. Rutter highlighted the complexity of separation and suggested that anti-social behaviour was not linked to Maternal Deprivation and that fathers can be equally as important as mothers even to small children. | Deprivation]] which had been developed by ] in 1951<ref name="DJP">Bowlby, J (1951) Maternal Care and Mental Health, World Health Organisation WHO</ref>. ]Bowlby had proposed that “the infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment” and that not to do so may have significant and irreversible mental health consequences. This theory was both influential and controversial. Rutter made a significant contribution to the controversial issue of Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis. His 1981 monograph and other papers (Rutter 1972; Rutter 1979) comprise the definitive empirical evaluation and update of Bowlby's early work on maternal deprivation. He amassed further evidence, addressed the many different underlying social and psychological mechanisms and showed that Bowlby was only partially right and often for the wrong reasons. Rutter highlighted the other forms of deprivation found in institutional care, the complexity of separation distress and suggested that anti-social behaviour was not linked to maternal deprivation as such but to family discord. The importance of these refinements of the maternal deprivation hypothesis was to reposition it as a "vulnerability factor" rather than a causative agent, with a number of varied influences determining which path a child will take.<ref name=Holmes">Holmes J. (1993) ''John Bowlby & Attachment Theory.'' Routledge. pp. 49-53. ISBN 0-415-07729-X </ref> Rutter highlighted the complexity of separation and suggested that anti-social behaviour was not linked to Maternal Deprivation and that fathers can be equally as important as mothers even to small children.{{cn}} | ||
| Rutter has honorary degrees from the Universities of Leiden, Louvain, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Chicago, Minnesota, Ghent, Jyväskylä, Warwick, East Anglia and Cambridge. He has remained in practice until late into his career and the ], based at ], London, is named after him. | Rutter has honorary degrees from the Universities of Leiden, Louvain, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Chicago, Minnesota, Ghent, Jyväskylä, Warwick, East Anglia and Cambridge. He has remained in practice until late into his career and the ], based at ], London, is named after him. | ||
Revision as of 09:10, 24 April 2008
Sir Michael Rutter (born 1933) is the first consultant of child psychiatry in the United Kingdom. Although he has been described as the "father of child psychology", he would be more accurately characterized as the father of modern child psychiatry.
Rutter’s work includes: early epidemiologic studies (Isle of Wight and Inner London); studies of autism involving a wide range of scientific techniques and disciplines, including DNA study and neuroimaging; links between research and practice; deprivation; influences of families and schools; genetics; reading disorders; biological, social protective, and risk factors; interactions of biological and social factors; stress; longitudinal as well as epidemiologic studies, including childhood and adult experiences and conditions; and continuities and discontinuities in normal and pathological development. The British Journal of Psychiatry credits him with a number of "breakthroughs" in these areas and Professor Sir Michael Rutter is also recognized as contributing centrally to the establishment of child psychiatry as a medical and biopsychosocial specialty with a solid scientific base.
He has published over 40 books including 'Maternal Deprivation Reassessed' (1972) which New Society describes as 'A classic in the field of child care'. In this work he re-evaluated the theory of Maternal Deprivation which had been developed by Dr John Bowlby in 1951.
Bowlby had proposed that “the infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment” and that not to do so may have significant and irreversible mental health consequences. This theory was both influential and controversial. Rutter made a significant contribution to the controversial issue of Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis. His 1981 monograph and other papers (Rutter 1972; Rutter 1979) comprise the definitive empirical evaluation and update of Bowlby's early work on maternal deprivation. He amassed further evidence, addressed the many different underlying social and psychological mechanisms and showed that Bowlby was only partially right and often for the wrong reasons. Rutter highlighted the other forms of deprivation found in institutional care, the complexity of separation distress and suggested that anti-social behaviour was not linked to maternal deprivation as such but to family discord. The importance of these refinements of the maternal deprivation hypothesis was to reposition it as a "vulnerability factor" rather than a causative agent, with a number of varied influences determining which path a child will take. Rutter highlighted the complexity of separation and suggested that anti-social behaviour was not linked to Maternal Deprivation and that fathers can be equally as important as mothers even to small children.
Rutter has honorary degrees from the Universities of Leiden, Louvain, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Chicago, Minnesota, Ghent, Jyväskylä, Warwick, East Anglia and Cambridge. He has remained in practice until late into his career and the Michael Rutter Centre for Children and Adolescents, based at Maudsley Hospital, London, is named after him.
Rutter is an honorary member of the British Academy and is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society. He is a Founding Fellow of the Academia Europaea and the Academy of Medical Sciences and was knighted in 1992. The citation for his knighthood reads: Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London.
References
- Pearce, J (2005). Eric Taylor: The cheerful pessimist. Child and Adolescent Mental Health,Feb;10(1):40–41.
- Kolvin, I (1999). The contribution of Michael Rutter. British Journal of Psychiatry, Jun;174:471-475.
- Hartman, L (2003). Review of Green & Yule, Research and Innovation on the Road to Modern Child Psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry, Jan;160:196-197.
- ^ Rutter, M (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed, Second edition, Harmondsworth, Penguin. Cite error: The named reference "FJP" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- Bowlby, J (1951) Maternal Care and Mental Health, World Health Organisation WHO
- Holmes J. (1993) John Bowlby & Attachment Theory. Routledge. pp. 49-53. ISBN 0-415-07729-X