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| '''Rosalind W. Picard''' |
'''Rosalind W. Picard''' is director of the ] Research Group at the ], and co-director of the Things That Think Consortium.<ref></ref> Picard is the author of ''Affective Computing'', published in ].<ref></ref> In ], she was named a ] of the ].<ref></ref> | ||
| ==Biography== | |||
| Picard is the author of ''Affective Computing'', a text-book that describes the importance of recognizing human emotions to the relationships between people and the possible effects this recognition would have on robots.<ref name="affective">{{cite web|url=http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?tid=4060&ttype=2|title=Publication of ''Affective Computing''|publisher=MIT Press|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> Her scholarship in this field has lead to an expansion into ] research and developing devices that could help humans recognize nuances in human emotions.<ref name="Help for Autism">{{cite web|last=Nasr|first=Susan|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=17748&ch=biotech&a=f|title=Help for Autism: A new device teaches the interpretation of facial cues|publisher=]|date=November 2006|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Professor Picard holds a bachelor's degree in ] from the ], and master's and doctorate degrees, both in electrical engineering and ], from ]. She has been a member of the faculty at the ] since ], with tenure since ].<ref></ref> | ||
| ==Academics== | |||
| ⚫ | Professor Picard holds a bachelor's degree in ] |
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| Picard is a researcher in the field of ] and the founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the ]. The Affective Computing Research Group develops tools, techniques, and devices for sensing, interpreting, and processing ] signals that drive state-of-the-art systems which respond ] to human emotional states.<ref> |
Picard is a researcher in the field of ] and the founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the ]. The Affective Computing Research Group develops tools, techniques, and devices for sensing, interpreting, and processing ] signals that drive state-of-the-art systems which respond ] to human emotional states.<ref></ref> Applications of their research include improved tutoring systems and assistive technology for use in alleviating ].<ref></ref><ref></ref> | ||
| ⚫ | MIT's press release for Picard's textbook, ''Affective Computing'', states, "According to Rosalind Picard, if we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have and express emotions."<ref name=affective></ref> | ||
| She also works with ] and ] in the fields of ]s, ], ], and ]s. Picard's former students includes ], professor and researcher in wearable computers. | |||
| Picard is a self-identified practicing ], and has stated that her work in the field of affective computing, examining the complexity and functioning of the ], has greatly influenced her faith.<ref name="atlantic"> , Harvey Blume, ], April 29, 1998.</ref><ref></ref> In ], the ] reported<ref name=NYT> , Kenneth Chang, ], February 21, 2006.</ref> that Picard was one of a small number of nationally prominent researchers, out of 514 scientists and engineers, whose names appeared on the ]'s controversial petition, "]".<ref></ref> | |||
| ===Affective Computing=== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | ==Bibliography== | ||
| Picard explains the need to monitoring emotional cues and how this is present with humans when she states: | |||
| *''Affective Computing'', Rosalind Picard, (], 1997)<ref name=affective/> | |||
| :"Whatever his strategy, the good teacher detects important affective cues from the student and responds differently because of them. For example, the teacher might leave subtle hints or clues for the student to discover, thereby preserving the learner's sense of self-propelled discovery. Whether the subject matter involves deliberate emotional expression as is the case with music, or is a "non-emotional" topic such as science, the teacher that attends to a student's interest, pleasure, and distress is perceived as more effective than the teacher that proceeds callously. The best teachers know that frustration usually precedes quitting, and know how to redirect or motivate the pupil at such times. They get to know their student, including how much distress that student can withstand before learning breaks down."<ref name="Affective Computing">Picard, Rosalind. ''Affective Computing''. ], 1997. p. 93-94</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | *T.P. Minka and R.W. Picard (1997), "Interactive Learning Using a 'Society of Models,'" Pattern Recognition, Volume 30, No. 4, pp. 565-581, 1997. (Winner of 1997 Pattern Recognition Society Award) | ||
| But such emotional cues are not part of robotic intelligence. | |||
| ⚫ | *B. Kort, R. Reilly and R.W. Picard (2001), "An Affective Model of Interplay Between Emotions and Learning: Reengineering Educational Pedagogy-Building a Learning Companion," In Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2001), August 2001, Madison, WI. (Winner of Best Paper Prize.)<ref></ref> | ||
| In order to portray how such a recognition would alter interactions with robots, Picard gave an example situation: | |||
| :Imagine your robot entering the kitchen as you prepare breakfast for guests. The robot looks happy to see you and greets you with a cheery "Good morning." You mumble something it does not understand. It notices your face, vocal tone, smoke above the stove, and your slamming of a pot into the sink, and infers that you do not appear to be having a good morning. Immediately, it adjusts its internal state to "subdued," which has the effect of lowering its vocal pitch and amplitude settings, eliminating cheery behavioral displays, and suppressing unnecessary conversation. Suppose you exclaim, "Ow!!" yanking your hand from the hot stove, rushing to run your fingers under cold water, adding "I can't believe I ruined the sauce." While the robot's speech recognition may not have high confidence that it accurately recognized all of your words, its assessment of your affect and actions indicates a high probability that you are upset and maybe hurt.<ref name="scholarpedia">http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Affective_computing (article by R.Picard) </ref> | |||
| In such a situation, it is necessary for the robots to understand the emotional aspects of humans in order to better serve their intended purpose. | |||
| This work has influenced many fields beyond computer science, ranging from video games<ref>{{citation|last=Binkley|first=Timothy|title=Autonomous Creations: Birthing Intelligent Agents|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/1576591|journal=Leonardo|volume=31|issue=5|year=1998|pages=336}}</ref> to law.<ref>{{citation|last=Huang|first=Peter H.|url=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=313842|title=International Environmental Law and Emotional Rational Choice|journal=The Journal of Legal Studies|volume=31|issue=1|date=January 2002|pages=S245}}</ref> One critic, Aaron Sloman, described the book as having a "bold vision" that will inspire some and irritate others.<ref>{{citation|last=Sloman|first=Aaron|title=Review of Affective Computing|publisher=AI Magazine|date=1999}}</ref> Other critics emphasize the importance behind the work as it establishes an important framework for the field as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|last=Diehl|first=Stanford|url=http://www.byte.com/art/9802/sec3/art9.htm|title=Book Review: A Computer to Love|publisher=]|date=February 2008|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> Picard responded to Sloman's review by saying, "I don’t think the review captures the flavor of the book. However, he does raise interesting points, as well as potential misunderstandings, both of which I am grateful for the opportunity to comment on."<ref>{{citation|last=Picard|first=Rosalind|title=Response to Sloman’s Review | |||
| of Affective Computing|publisher=Volume 20 Number 1, AI Magazine |date=1999}}</ref> | |||
| ===Autism research=== | |||
| Besides researching robotic intelligence, Picard has performed research in the field of ]. Her team uses an "ESP", or "emotional-social intelligence prosthesis", which is a tool that allows a person with autism to monitor their own facial reactions in order to educate them on social cues in others.<ref name="Help for Autism"/> This device has a 65% accuracy rate for reading the emotional state of an individual.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schuessler|first=Jennifer |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/magazine/10section3b.t-2.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin |title=The Social-Cue Reader|publisher=New York Times|date=December 2006|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> She revealed parts of this technology at the 11th Annual International Symposium on Wearable Computers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wertheimer|first=Linda |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/10/08/look_out_logan_software_is_soft_wear/ |title=Look out, Logan: Software is soft wear|publisher=The Boston Globe|date=October 8, 2007|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> | |||
| ==Faith== | |||
| Picard is a practicing ], and has stated that her work in the field of affective computing, examining the complexity and functioning of the ], has greatly influenced her faith.<ref name="atlantic">{{cite web|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/digicult/dc980429.htm|title=A Function Specific to Joy|author=Harvey Blume|publisher=]|date=1998-04-29|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.media.mit.edu/~picard/personal/great_xians.php|title=Personal homepage of Rosalind W. Picard|accessdate=2008-05-05|publisher=MIT}}</ref> | |||
| Picard is one of 514 signatories of the ]'s "]," a ] which questions ] and is used to promote ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=660|title=Signatories of 'A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism'|publisher=The ]|date=April 2008|accessdate=2008-05-05|format=]}}</ref><ref name=NYT> {{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/science/sciencespecial2/21peti.html?ex=1298178000&en=de5bd718715864a0&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss|title=Few Biologists but Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition|author=Kenneth Chang|publisher=]|date=2006-02-21|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> | |||
| In a 2007 interview she raised the idea of a "greater mind" making some intervention beyond random processes in the complexity of ], but expressed reservations about intelligent design, saying that people of faith should challenge it and be more skeptical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.therecord.com/article/264978|title=Faith - A scientist who embraces God|accessdate=2008-05-05|publisher=The Record.com}}</ref> | |||
| ==Awards== | |||
| * Georgia Engineering Foundation Fellowship(s) 1980, 81, 82, 83 | |||
| * Society of Women Engineers: “The Outstanding Woman Engineering Student” 1981, 82, 83, 84 | |||
| * National Science Foundation Fellow 1984 | |||
| * AT&T Bell Laboratories “One Year On Campus” Fellow 1984 | |||
| * Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty Award 1984 | |||
| * Voted Omicron Delta Kappa, Georgia Tech and Southeast U. S. “Leader of the Year” 1984 | |||
| * AAUW “The Outstanding Georgia Institute of Technology Woman Graduate” 1984 | |||
| * IAPR Pattern Recognition Society Best Paper Prize (with Tom Minka) 1991 | |||
| * GA Tech College of Engineering “Outstanding Young Engineering Alumni Award” 1995 | |||
| * NEC Career Development Chair in Computers and Communications 1992, 96 | |||
| * Assoc. of American Publishers, Inc. Computer Science Book Award, (Hon. Mention) 1997 | |||
| * Senior Member of IEEE 2000 | |||
| * ICALT 2001 Best Theory Paper Prize (with Rob Reilly and Barry Kort) 2001 | |||
| * Creapole’s Committee of Honour (Paris) 2002 | |||
| * Fellow of IEEE 2004 | |||
| * Chamblee High School Hall of Fame 2005 | |||
| * Groden Network Distinguished Honorees, Research Award 2008 | |||
| ==Contributions== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| * R. W. Picard, Affective Computing, MIT Press, 1997. | |||
| * R. W. Picard, F. Liu, R. Zabih, G. Healey, and M. Swain (Eds.) “Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries,” ''Proceedings of IEEE Workshop'', IEEE Computer Society. 1997. | |||
| * J. Tao, T. Tan, and R. W. Picard (Eds.), ''Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction 2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3784, 2005''. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2005. | |||
| * A. Paiva, R. Prada, and R. W. Picard (Eds.), ''Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction 2007, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4738'', 2007. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2007. | |||
| ;Notable Articles | |||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ;Patents/Patents Pending | |||
| * “Method and Apparatus for Relating and Combining Multiple Images of the Same Scene or Object(s)” U.S. Patent 5,706,416. Issued January 6, 1998. (With Steve Mann.) | |||
| * “Sensing and Display of Skin Conductivity” U.S. Patent 6415176. Issued July 2, 2002. (With Jocelyn Scheirer, Nancy Tilbury and Jonathan Farringdon.) | |||
| * “System and Method for Determining a Workload Level of a Driver” (With Walton L. Fehr, Judith L. Gardner and John R. Hansman) Docket No. IS01739AIC | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ]s | |||
| * ]s. | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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Revision as of 01:16, 6 May 2008
Rosalind W. Picard is director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the MIT Media Lab, and co-director of the Things That Think Consortium. Picard is the author of Affective Computing, published in 1997. In 2005, she was named a Fellow of the IEEE.
Biography
Professor Picard holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and master's and doctorate degrees, both in electrical engineering and computer science, from MIT. She has been a member of the faculty at the MIT Media Laboratory since 1991, with tenure since 1997.
Picard is a researcher in the field of affective computing and the founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the MIT Media Lab. The Affective Computing Research Group develops tools, techniques, and devices for sensing, interpreting, and processing emotion signals that drive state-of-the-art systems which respond intelligently to human emotional states. Applications of their research include improved tutoring systems and assistive technology for use in alleviating autism.
MIT's press release for Picard's textbook, Affective Computing, states, "According to Rosalind Picard, if we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have and express emotions."
Picard is a self-identified practicing Christian, and has stated that her work in the field of affective computing, examining the complexity and functioning of the human mind, has greatly influenced her faith. In February 2006, the New York Times reported that Picard was one of a small number of nationally prominent researchers, out of 514 scientists and engineers, whose names appeared on the Discovery Institute's controversial petition, "A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism".
Bibliography
- Affective Computing, Rosalind Picard, (MIT Press, 1997)
- T.P. Minka and R.W. Picard (1997), "Interactive Learning Using a 'Society of Models,'" Pattern Recognition, Volume 30, No. 4, pp. 565-581, 1997. (Winner of 1997 Pattern Recognition Society Award)
- B. Kort, R. Reilly and R.W. Picard (2001), "An Affective Model of Interplay Between Emotions and Learning: Reengineering Educational Pedagogy-Building a Learning Companion," In Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2001), August 2001, Madison, WI. (Winner of Best Paper Prize.)
References
- Media Lab Faculty Biography
- Publication of Affective Computing
- IEEE Fellows of the Class of 2005
- MIT Faculty Biography Page
- Research Projects of the Affective Computing Research Group
- Affective Computing Group Web Page
- Current and Past Projects
- ^ MIT Press Publication of Affective Computing
- "A Function Specific to Joy", Harvey Blume, The Atlantic Monthly, April 29, 1998.
- Personal homepage of Rosalind W. Picard
- Few Biologists but Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition, Kenneth Chang, New York Times, February 21, 2006.
- Signatories of 'A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism'
- Publications in Affective Computing
External links
- Affective Computing Group Web Page
- Things That Think Consortium Web Page
- Rosalind W. Picard Homepage
- MIT Course on Autism Theory and Technology
- 1962 births
- Living people
- American computer scientists
- Women computer scientists
- Electronics engineers
- Artificial intelligence researchers
- People from Massachusetts
- Georgia Institute of Technology alumni
- Signatories of "A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism"
- Fellows of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- Ubicomp Researchers