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	== Ranks, belts and promotion ==
	Taekwondo ranks are separated into "junior" and "senior" or "student" and "instructor" sections. The junior section typically consists of ten ranks indicated by the Korean word ''geup'' 급 (also Romanized as ''gup'' or ''kup''). The junior ranks are usually identified by belts of various colors, depending on the school, so these ranks are sometimes called "color belts". ''Geup'' rank may be indicated by stripes on belts rather than by colored belts. Students begin at tenth ''geup'' (usually indicated by a white belt) and advance toward first ''geup'' (usually indicated by a red belt with a black stripe as 1st Guep).

	The senior section is made up of nine full ranks of black belt. These ranks are called ''dan'' 단, also referred to as "black belts" and "degrees" (as in "third ''dan''" or "third-degree black belt"). Black belts begin at first degree and advance to second, third, and so on. The degree is often indicated on the belt itself with stripes, Roman numerals, or other methods; but sometimes black belts are plain and unadorned regardless of rank.

	To advance from one rank to the next, students typically complete promotion tests in which they demonstrate their proficiency in the various aspects of the art before a panel of judges. Promotion tests vary from school to school, but may include such elements as the execution of patterns, which combine various techniques in specific sequences; the breaking of boards, to demonstrate the ability to use techniques with both power and control; sparring and self-defense, to demonstrate the practical application and control of techniques; and answering questions on terminology, concepts, history, and so on, to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the art. For higher dan tests, students are sometimes required to take a written test or to submit a research paper in addition to taking the practical test.

	Promotion from one ''geup'' to the next can proceed fairly rapidly, since schools often allow ''geup'' promotions every two, three, or four months. Students of ''geup'' rank learn the most basic techniques first, then move on to more advanced techniques as they approach first ''dan''. <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: ] -->

	In contrast, promotion from one ''dan'' to the next can take years. The general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to the rank. For example, a newly-promoted third-degree black belt may not be allowed to promote to fourth-degree until three years have passed. Some organizations also have age requirements related to ''dan'' promotions, and may grant younger students ''pum'' 품 (junior black belt) ranks rather than ''dan'' ranks until they reach a certain age. ''Dan'' ranks usually have titles associated with them, such as "master" and "instructor". At some schools it doesn't matter whether a student is a ''pum ''or a ''dan'' – the same titles and respect are associated with the rank. However, these titles and their associations with specific ranks vary among schools and organizations. Example: According to the ] and the ] Master is 5th degree (''dan'' or ''pum''), and Grandmaster is 7th degree and up. Neither ''dan'' has anything to do with the title of instructor or ''sabumnim''. To be a ''sabumnim'', one must take the course at Kukkiwon and become certified as such. Rules may differ from system to system. To learn more about them, check with the specific organizations.

	The two main taekwondo organizations have their own rules and standards when it comes to ranks and the titles that go with them; for details, see ] and ].

	==Philosophy==		==Philosophy==

Revision as of 07:03, 18 June 2008

as "the way of the fist and foot".

Taekwondo's popularity has resulted in the varied evolution of the martial art into several domains: as with many other arts, it combines combat techniques, self-defense, sport, exercise, meditation and philosophy.

There are two main systems of taekwondo as well as traditional tae-kwon-do, which is not competition oriented and focuses only on the self-defence and traditional value of the art. One comes from the Kukkiwon, the source of the sparring system "Shihap Kyorugi" which is an event at the summer Olympics and which is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF); the other comes from the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF), which was founded by General Choi Hong Hi, the father of taekwondo. Although there are doctrinal and technical differences among the two taekwondo styles and the various organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, employing the leg's greater reach and power (compared to the arm). Circular motions that generate power are of central importance. Also important to the generation of power is the movement of the hips while performing a punch or a block. Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks.

NAH FISH

The word "Tae Kwon Do" is interpreted as meaning "the way of the fist and foot".

Philosophy

Since taekwondo developed in several different kwans, there are several different expressions of taekwondo philosophy. Two are detailed in the articles for the International Taekwondo Federation and Jidokwan.

Competition

Taekwondo competition typically involves sparring, breaking, patterns, and self-defense (hosinsul). However, in Olympic taekwondo competition, only sparring is contested; and in Olympic sparring WTF competition rules are used.

WTF

Under WTF and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 10 meters square. Each match or bout consists of three non-stop rounds of contact with rest between rounds. Junior fighters fight in 2-minute rounds with a 30-second break, while senior fighters fight in 3-minute rounds with 30-second breaks. Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact to a scoring area does not score any points. A kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's hogu (a trunk protector that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; a kick to the head scores two points. Punches to the head are not allowed. If a competitor is knocked down by a scoring technique and the referee counts, then an additional point is awarded to the opponent.

At the end of three rounds, the competitor with the most points wins the match. If, during the match, one competitor gains a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reaches a total of 12 points, then that competitor is immediately declared the winner and the match ends. In the event of a tie at the end of three rounds, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round will be held to determine the winner, after a 30-second rest period.

ITF

The ITF sparring rules are similar, but differ from the WTF rules in several respects. Hand attacks to the head are allowed; flying techniques score more points than grounded techniques; the competition area is slightly smaller (9 meters square instead of 10 meters); and competitors do not wear the hogu used in Olympic-style sparring (although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment). The ITF competition rules and regulations are available at the ITF information website.

ITF competitions also feature performances of patterns, breaking and "special techniques", a category where competitors preform prescribed board breaks at great heights.

AAU Competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed. Any gear that has the Olympic symbol and not the WTF logo on it is approved.

External links

Community.

Martial arts

Classification

Regional origin	China Europe India Indonesia Italian Ireland Japan Okinawa Korea Mainland Southeast Asia Philippines Russia Vietnam
Unarmed techniques	Arm strikes Chokehold Punch Elbow strike Clinch Ground Headbutt Leg strikes Footwork Kick Flying Knee strike Stomp Grappling Hold Joint lock Sweep Takedown Throw Stand-up
Weapons	Duel Melee weapons Knife fighting Stick-fighting Swordsmanship Archery Shooting
Training	Kata Boxing glove Practice weapon Punching bag Pushing hands Randori Sparring
Grappling	Barróg Brazilian jiu-jitsu Judo (Para judo) Jujutsu Luta Livre esportiva Malla-yuddha Pehlwani Sambo Shuai jiao Sumo Wrestling catch Cornish folk freestyle Greco-Roman Mongolian oil shoot
Striking	Bando Boxing Capoeira Chess boxing Choi Kwang Do Dambe Karate Kickboxing Kun Khmer Lethwei Muay Thai Northern Praying Mantis Russian boxing Sanda Shaolin kung fu Shoot boxing Savate Taekwondo Tang Soo Do Tien Shan Pai Vovinam Wudangquan Yoshukai Karate
Internal	Aikido Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu Baguazhang Tai chi Xingyiquan
Full contact / combat sports	Professional boxing Kickboxing Full contact karate Mixed martial arts Pankration Shootfighting Submission wrestling Vale Tudo
Self-defense / combatives	Arnis Bartitsu Hapkido Kajukenbo Jieitaikakutōjutsu Krav Maga MCMAP Pencak silat Pencak Silat Harimau Suffrajitsu Systema Taekkyon To-Shin Do Wing Chun Silat Melayu
Eclectic / hybrids	American Kenpo Angampora Chun Kuk Do Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu Jeet Kune Do Shooto Shorinji Kempo Unifight Qwan Ki Do
Battlefield	Banshay Bokator Historical European martial arts Huiyen Lallong Jujutsu Kalaripayattu Krabi–krabong Krav Maga Mardani khel Marine Corps Martial Arts Program Pencak Silat Harimau
Entertainment	Fighting game Martial arts film (Chanbara) Professional wrestling Stage combat Tricking Wuxia

International games

Martial arts at the Summer Olympics	Boxing Fencing Judo Karate Taekwondo Wrestling (freestyle, Greco-Roman) Demonstration sports Budō Pistol dueling Glima Savate
Martial arts at the World Games	Ju-jitsu Karate Kickboxing Muay Thai Sumo Former official sports Sambo Taekwondo Invitational sports Aikido Wushu
Martial arts at the Pan American Games	Boxing Fencing Judo Karate Taekwondo Wrestling
Martial arts at the Asian Games	Boxing Judo Jujutsu Karate Taekwondo Wrestling Wushu 2018 Only Kurash Pencak silat Sambo
Martial arts at the African Games	Boxing Fencing Judo Karate Taekwondo Wrestling
Martial arts at the European Games	Boxing Fencing Judo Karate Muaythai Sambo Taekwondo Wrestling

Template:Link FA

World Taekwondo Federation (2004). "Kyorugi rules". Rules. www.wtf.org. Retrieved 2007-08-11. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
International Taekwondo Federation (2000). "Competition Rules and Regulations". Rules. www.itf-information.com. Retrieved 2007-09-06. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

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