Shneur Zalman of Liadi: Difference between revisions

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	] (]-]) founder of ] and author of ] and ].]]		] (]-]) founder of ] and author of ] and ].]]

	'''Shneur Zalman of Liadi''' (or '''Reb Schneur Zalman''' or '''Baal HaTanya''' or '''Alter Rebbe''' ("Old Rebbe" in ]) or '''The Rav'''), (Liadi was a small town in imperial Russia), (]-]), was an ] ] and was the founder and first ] of ] ~~that~~ is part of ]. Shneur Zalman was a descendant of the mystic and philosopher Rabbi ] (known as the "Maharal of ]"). The movement he founded was moved to the town of Lubavitch in present-day ] by his son and successor Rabbi ]. In ] the Chabad Lubavitch movement moved its headquarters to ] in the ] with branches all over the world staffed by its own Lubavitch-trained, and ordained, ]s with their wives and children.		'''Shneur Zalman of Liadi''' (or '''Reb Schneur Zalman''' or '''Baal HaTanya''' or '''Alter Rebbe''' ("Old Rebbe" in ]) or '''The Rav'''), (Liadi was a small town in imperial Russia), (]-]), was an ] ] and was the founder and first ] of ], a branch part of ].

			==Biography==
⚫	Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi was a prominent disciple of Rabbi ], the "Great Maggid" who was in turn a major disciple of the founder of Hasidism Rabbi ] known as the ] ("Master Good Name"). After the death of Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch, his sudents dispersed over ]. Rabbi Shneur Zalman became the leader of ] in ], and is accepted as one of the great Hasidic leaders. He involved himself in opposing ]'s advance on ] and supporting the Jewish settlements in the ], then under the control of the ]. He was imprisoned by the ] on charges of supporting the ], since he advocated sending charity to the Ottoman territory of ]. The day of his acquittal and release, the 19th of ] on the ], is celebrated as the "Hasidic New Year" by Lubavitch Hasidim, who have a festive meal and communal pledges to learn the whole of the ] known as "Chalukat Ha'Shas."
			Shneur Zalman of Liadi was a descendant of the mystic and philosopher Rabbi ] (known as the "Maharal of ]"). He was a prominent disciple of Rabbi ], the "Great Maggid" who was in turn a major disciple of the founder of Hasidism Rabbi ] known as the ] ("Master Good Name"). After the death of Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch, his sudents dispersed over ]. Rabbi Shneur Zalman became the leader of ] in ], and is accepted as one of the great Hasidic leaders.

			The movement he founded was moved to the town of Lubavitch in present-day ] by his son and successor Rabbi ]. In ] the Chabad Lubavitch movement moved its headquarters to ] in the ] with branches all over the world staffed by its own Lubavitch-trained, and ordained, ]s with their wives and children.
⚫	Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi is well known for his systematic exposition of Hasidic Jewish philosophy, entitled ''Likkutei Amarim'', and more popularly known as the ], first published in ]. (The fuller and more authoritative version of this work dates from 1814.) Due to the popularity of this book, Hasidic Jews often refer to Shneur Zalman as the ''Baal HaTanya''.

		⚫	He involved himself in opposing ]'s advance on ] and supporting the Jewish settlements in the ], then under the control of the ]. He was imprisoned by the ] on charges of supporting the ], since he advocated sending charity to the Ottoman territory of ]. The day of his acquittal and release, the 19th of ] on the ], is celebrated as the "Hasidic New Year" by Lubavitch Hasidim, who have a festive meal and communal pledges to learn the whole of the ] known as "Chalukat Ha'Shas."
⚫	Rabbi Shneur Zalman is also well known for his work ], his version of the classic ], an authoritative code of ]. The ] is used by Lubavitch Hasidism. However, citations to this work are sometimes found in non-Lubavitch sources such as the ] and the ].

	Descendants of Rabbi Shneur Zalman adopted the names '''Schneersohn''' or '''Schneerson''' to accommodate Napoleonic edicts that required all subjects to take permanent ]s. (Prior to ]'s conquests and the winds of ] he brought in his wake, Jews only had their traditional names such as Shneur ben (son of) Boruch.) The last two ''Rebbes'' of ], Rabbi ] (]-]) and Rabbi ] (]-]), adhered strictly to their family surnames.		Descendants of Rabbi Shneur Zalman adopted the names '''Schneersohn''' or '''Schneerson''' to accommodate Napoleonic edicts that required all subjects to take permanent ]s. (Prior to ]'s conquests and the winds of ] he brought in his wake, Jews only had their traditional names such as Shneur ben (son of) Boruch.) The last two ''Rebbes'' of ], Rabbi ] (]-]) and Rabbi ] (]-]), adhered strictly to their family surnames.

			==Works==
		⚫	Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi is well known for his systematic exposition of Hasidic Jewish philosophy, entitled ''Likkutei Amarim'', and more popularly known as the ], first published in ]. (The fuller and more authoritative version of this work dates from 1814.) Due to the popularity of this book, Hasidic Jews often refer to Shneur Zalman as the ''Baal HaTanya''.

		⚫	Rabbi Shneur Zalman is also well known for his work ], his version of the classic ], an authoritative code of ]. The ] is used by Lubavitch Hasidism. However, citations to this work are sometimes found in non-Lubavitch sources such as the ] and the ].

	==Rebbes of Lubavitch==		==Rebbes of Lubavitch==
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	== External link ==		== External link ==
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Revision as of 10:56, 1 September 2005

Shneur Zalman of Liadi (or Reb Schneur Zalman or Baal HaTanya or Alter Rebbe ("Old Rebbe" in Yiddish) or The Rav), (Liadi was a small town in imperial Russia), (1745-1812), was an Orthodox rabbi and was the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch, a branch part of Hasidic Judaism.

Biography

Shneur Zalman of Liadi was a descendant of the mystic and philosopher Rabbi Judah Loew (known as the "Maharal of Prague"). He was a prominent disciple of Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch, the "Great Maggid" who was in turn a major disciple of the founder of Hasidism Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer known as the Baal Shem Tov ("Master Good Name"). After the death of Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch, his sudents dispersed over Europe. Rabbi Shneur Zalman became the leader of Hasidism in Lithuania, and is accepted as one of the great Hasidic leaders.

The movement he founded was moved to the town of Lubavitch in present-day Belarus by his son and successor Rabbi Dovber Schneersohn. In 1940 the Chabad Lubavitch movement moved its headquarters to Brooklyn, New York in the United States with branches all over the world staffed by its own Lubavitch-trained, and ordained, rabbis with their wives and children.

He involved himself in opposing Napoleon's advance on Russia and supporting the Jewish settlements in the Land of Israel, then under the control of the Ottoman Empire. He was imprisoned by the Czar on charges of supporting the Ottoman Empire, since he advocated sending charity to the Ottoman territory of Palestine. The day of his acquittal and release, the 19th of Kislev on the Hebrew calendar, is celebrated as the "Hasidic New Year" by Lubavitch Hasidim, who have a festive meal and communal pledges to learn the whole of the Talmud known as "Chalukat Ha'Shas."

Descendants of Rabbi Shneur Zalman adopted the names Schneersohn or Schneerson to accommodate Napoleonic edicts that required all subjects to take permanent surnames. (Prior to Napoleon's conquests and the winds of Enlightenment he brought in his wake, Jews only had their traditional names such as Shneur ben (son of) Boruch.) The last two Rebbes of Chabad Lubavitch, Rabbi Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (1880-1950) and Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902-1994), adhered strictly to their family surnames.

Works

Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi is well known for his systematic exposition of Hasidic Jewish philosophy, entitled Likkutei Amarim, and more popularly known as the Tanya, first published in 1797. (The fuller and more authoritative version of this work dates from 1814.) Due to the popularity of this book, Hasidic Jews often refer to Shneur Zalman as the Baal HaTanya.

Rabbi Shneur Zalman is also well known for his work Shulchan Aruch HaRav, his version of the classic Shulkhan Arukh, an authoritative code of Jewish law and custom. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav is used by Lubavitch Hasidism. However, citations to this work are sometimes found in non-Lubavitch sources such as the Mishnah Berurah and the Ben Ish Chai.

Rebbes of Lubavitch

Chabad Lubavitch:

Time-line of Lubavitcher rebbes

Preceded bynone

Rebbe of Lubavitch
gradual—1812

Succeeded byDovber Schneersohn

External link

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