Misplaced Pages

Maleševo-Pirin dialect: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 23:12, 2 August 2008 editVMORO (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users5,630 edits rvt erasal of references and POV pushing, discuss on talk page without personal qualifications← Previous edit Revision as of 08:19, 3 August 2008 edit undoBalkanFever (talk | contribs)7,052 edits Undid revision 229486434 by VMORO (talk) rv POV pushing bullshit. stay awayNext edit →
Line 1: Line 1:
The term '''Maleševo-Pirin dialect''' (sometimes spelt '''Maleshevo''') is used in ] linguistics to refer to a group of related varieties that are spoken on both sides of the border between ] and the ]. According to some linguistts they are linguistically transitional between the two national languages ] and ] and form part of the larger ] between them. The dialect group is named after the mountain ranges of ] in Bulgaria and ] in Macedonia. When referring specifically to the dialects on the Bulgarian side, the term '''Petrich-Blagoevgrad dialect''', after the two major towns in the area, is also used.<ref name="Stoykov">{{cite book|last=Sussex|first=Roland|coauthors=Paul Cubberley|title=The Slavic Languages|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date =2006|url =http://books.google.com/books?id=G2bsJdYrwD4C&dq=Bulgarian+dialects+Pirin&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|pages =p.510 |isbn =0521223156 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last =Стойков|first =Стойко|title=Българска диалектология|publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"|date=2006|url=http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm}}</ref>
The '''Maleševo-Pirin dialect''' (sometimes spelt '''Maleshevo''') is a transitional dialect, member of both the eastern subgroup of the southwestern group of ].<ref>{{cite book
Macedonian linguistics tends to treat the whole group as part of the Macedonian language, classifying it as part of a southeastern group of ], whereas from the perspective of Bulgarian linguistics, the varieties in Bulgaria are classified as parts of the eastern subgroup of the southwestern group of Bulgarian.
| last =Sussex
<ref name="Stoykov"/>
| first =Roland
This dialect is spoken in the towns of ], ], ] and the surrounding villages in the east of the Republic of Macedonia,<ref name="Bojkovska">str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001</ref>
| coauthors =Paul Cubberley
and in the regions of ], ] and ] in Bulgaria.
| title =The Slavic Languages
<ref name="Stoykov2">{{cite book|last=Стойков|first=Стойко|title=Българска диалектология|publisher=Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"|date=2006|url=http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref>
| publisher =Cambridge University Press
]
| date =2006
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=G2bsJdYrwD4C&dq=Bulgarian+dialects+Pirin&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0
| pages =p.510
| isbn =0521223156 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref><ref>Trudgill P., 2000, "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity". In: Stephen Barbour and Cathie Carmichael (eds.), Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford : Oxford University Press, p.259.</ref><ref>Schmieger, R. 1998. "The situation of the Macedonian language in Greece: sociolinguistic analysis", International Journal of the Sociology of Language 131, 125-55</ref> and of the eastern and southeastern group of ]. The dialect is spoken in the western part of the region of ] in ]<ref>{{cite book
| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref><ref> str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001</ref> and the eastern part of the ]. This dialect is spoken in the cities ], ], ] and the surrounding villages in ] and on the regions of ], ] and ] in ].


The Blagoevgrad-Petric dialect is also closely related to the neighbouring ] and ], and especially to the ],
The Maleshevo-Pirin dialect actually consists of two very close, yet distinct dialects (cf. also table), the Petrich-Blagoevgrad dialect in ], which is a dialect of ]<ref>{{cite book
<ref name="Stoykov2"/>
| last =Sussex
whereas the Maleshevo dialect is closely related especially with the ] dialect.
| first =Roland
<ref name="Friedman"> The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY</ref>
| coauthors =Paul Cubberley
| title =The Slavic Languages
| publisher =Cambridge University Press
| date =2006
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=G2bsJdYrwD4C&dq=Bulgarian+dialects+Pirin&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0
| pages =p.510
| isbn =0521223156 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref><ref>Trudgill P., 2000, "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity". In: Stephen Barbour and Cathie Carmichael (eds.), Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford : Oxford University Press, p.259.</ref><ref>Schmieger, R. 1998. "The situation of the Macedonian language in Greece: sociolinguistic analysis", International Journal of the Sociology of Language 131, 125-55</ref> and the Maleshevo dialect, which is a dialect of ]. Apart from the relationship between each other, the Blagoevgrad-Petric dialect is also closely related to the neighbouring ] and ], and especially to the ]<ref>{{cite book
| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref> (cf. also table below), whereas the Maleshevo dialect is closely related especially with the ] dialect.<ref> The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY</ref>

==Relationship to Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian==
The following is a table of the main phonological and grammatical features which differentiate ] and ], compared with the corresponding features of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect, as well as two Western Bulgarian dialects.


==Linguistic properties==


The following is a table of distinctive phonological and grammatical features, comparing the values found in the Maleshevo and Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialects with Standard Bulgarian, Standard Macedonian and two other neighbouring Western Bulgarian dialect areas.


{| class="toccolours collapsible" width="80%" {| class="toccolours collapsible" width="80%"
Line 70: Line 36:
| Proto-Slavic '''{{IPA|*gt/kt}}''' – Old Church Slavonic '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' (in some areas also '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''ноќ'' (in some areas ''нощ'') || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' – ''ноќ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || night | Proto-Slavic '''{{IPA|*gt/kt}}''' – Old Church Slavonic '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' (in some areas also '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''ноќ'' (in some areas ''нощ'') || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' – ''ноќ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || night
|- |-
| Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode|ѣ}}''' (yat) || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''я/е ({{IPA|ʲa}}/{{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бял/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || white | Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode|ѣ}}''' (yat) || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''а/я ({{IPA|ʲa}}/{{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бял/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || white
|- |-
| Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode |ѫ}}''' (yus), approx. {{IPA|ɔ̃}} || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''мъж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || man | Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode |ѫ}}''' (yus), approx. {{IPA|ɔ̃}} || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''мъж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || man
Line 91: Line 57:
|- |-
| Word stress || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, ˈпера'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' - ''доˈбитък, пеˈра'' || '''Fixed antepenultimate''' - ''ˈдобиток, ˈперам'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈрем'' || cattle, (I) wash | Word stress || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, ˈпера'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' - ''доˈбитък, пеˈра'' || '''Fixed antepenultimate''' - ''ˈдобиток, ˈперам'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈрем'' || cattle, (I) wash

|} |}
|- |-
|} |}


As shown by the table, the Maleshevo and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect show mixed Bulgarian and Macedonian phonological traits and mostly Bulgarian grammatical traits (several instead of one conjugation, single definite article, formation of past perfect tense with '''бeх''', etc.)<ref>{{cite book As shown by the table, the Maleshevo and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect show mixed Bulgarian and Macedonian phonological traits and mostly Bulgarian grammatical traits (several instead of one conjugation, single definite article, formation of past perfect tense with '''бeх''', etc.), with the Maleshevo dialect ranging mostly towards Macedonian and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect ranging mostly towards Bulgarian (cf. table). The transitional nature of the dialect is further demonstrated by the reflexes of the Proto-Slavic {{IPA|*tʲ}}/{{IPA|*dʲ}}: from the typically Bulgarian щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}}) in the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the far East of the Maleshevo dialect, along the border with Bulgaria, through the transitional шч/жџ ({{IPA|ʃtʃ}}/{{IPA|/dʒ/}}} in the central parts, and to the typically Macedonian ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}}) in the western parts of the Maleshevo dialect<ref name="Stoykov2"/>
| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref>, with the Maleshevo dialect ranging mostly towards ] and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect ranging mostly towards ] (cf. table). The transitional nature of the dialect is further demonstrated by the reflexes of the Proto-Slavic {{IPA|*tʲ}}/{{IPA|*dʲ}}: from the typically Bulgarian щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})<ref>{{cite book| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b4.htm }}</ref> in the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the far East of the Maleshevo dialect, along the border with Bulgaria, through the transitional шч/жџ ({{IPA|ʃtʃ}}/{{IPA|/dʒ/}}} in the central parts, and to the typically Macedonian ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}}) in the western parts of the Maleshevo dialect<ref>{{cite book| last =Стойков
| first =Стойко
| title =Българска диалектология
| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов"
| date =2006
| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_maked.htm#malashevski }}</ref>. However, both the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the Maleshevo dialect appear to be closer phonologically to their neighbouring Western Bulgarian dialects than to either Standard Bulgarian or Standard Macedonian (cf. table).


==Other phonological characteristics== ==Other phonological characteristics==
* shortening of the words * shortening of the words
* use of the plural suffix -ove as in ] instead of -ovi as in ]: клучове - keys * use of the plural suffix ''-ove'' as in Bulgarian instead of ''-ovi'' as in Macedonian: клучове ('keys')
* use of the old consonant group '''caf-''' instead of the consonant group '''cv-''': цев- цаф (''cev'')- pipe * use of the old consonant group ''caf-'' instead of the consonant group ''cv-'': цев- цаф (''cev'', 'pipe')
* use of /v/ at the beginning of the word as in ] instead of /j/ as in ]: важе - rope<ref> str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001</ref> <ref> The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY</ref> * use of /v/ at the beginning of the word as in Bulgarian instead of /j/ as in Macedonian: важе ('rope')
<ref name="Bojkovska"/><ref name="Friedman"/>


==Morphological characteristics== ==Morphological characteristics==
* use of the preposition sus: - сус рака - with hand; * use of the preposition ''sus'': - сус рака ('with the hand');
* the short possessive forms are after the verb: му рече - рече му. He told him; * the clitic possessive forms follow the verb: му рече - рече му ('He told him');
* use of the dative form with na: на нас ни рече ( ''na nas ni reche'' )- He told us * use of the dative form with ''na'': на нас ни рече ( ''na nas ni reche'', 'He told us')
* the form of the verb to be for third person plural is sa as in ] instead of se as in ]: тие се - тие са (''tie se'') they are * the form of the verb ''to be'' for third person plural is ''sa'' as in Bulgarian, instead of ''se'' as in Macedonian: тие се - тие са (''tie se'', 'they are')
* use of the pronoun ''on'' instead of ''toj''
* no use of the the pronoun '''toj''', instead is used '''on''' <ref> str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001</ref> <ref> The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY</ref>
<ref name="Bojkovska"/><ref name="Friedman"/>


==Examples of the dialect== ==Examples of the dialect==
*Traditional song from Maleševo-Pirin region: *Traditional song from Maleševo-Pirin region:


<poem>
:Излегол Яне прошетал, леле Излегол Яне прошетал, леле
⚫ :низ таа Пирин Планина
:низ таа Пирин Планина, леле низ таа Пирин Планина
⚫ низ таа Пирин Планина, леле
:низ тоа поле широко. низ тоа поле широко.


:Нарамил пушка на рамо Нарамил пушка на рамо
:настранил капа на чело настранил капа на чело
:на пат ми сретна овчарче, леле на пат ми сретна овчарче, леле
:на овчарче вели, говори. на овчарче вели, говори.


:Овчарче младо чобанче, леле Овчарче младо чобанче, леле
:дали я виде четата дали я виде четата
:дали я виде четата, леле дали я виде четата, леле
:четата на Яне Сандански. четата на Яне Сандански.


:Видело сум я слушнало, леле Видело сум я слушнало, леле
:сега за Яне збореа сега за Яне збореа
:каде е Яне Сандански, леле каде е Яне Сандански, леле
:четата да си прибере. четата да си прибере.
⚫ </poem>


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}}
<div class="references-small">
<references />
⚫ </div>


{{Bulgarian dialects}} {{Bulgarian dialects}}
{{Macedonian dialects}} {{Macedonian dialects}}

] ]
] ]

Revision as of 08:19, 3 August 2008

The term Maleševo-Pirin dialect (sometimes spelt Maleshevo) is used in South Slavic linguistics to refer to a group of related varieties that are spoken on both sides of the border between Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia. According to some linguistts they are linguistically transitional between the two national languages Bulgarian and Macedonian and form part of the larger dialect continuum between them. The dialect group is named after the mountain ranges of Pirin in Bulgaria and Maleševo in Macedonia. When referring specifically to the dialects on the Bulgarian side, the term Petrich-Blagoevgrad dialect, after the two major towns in the area, is also used. Macedonian linguistics tends to treat the whole group as part of the Macedonian language, classifying it as part of a southeastern group of Macedonian dialects, whereas from the perspective of Bulgarian linguistics, the varieties in Bulgaria are classified as parts of the eastern subgroup of the southwestern group of Bulgarian. This dialect is spoken in the towns of Delčevo, Pehčevo, Berovo and the surrounding villages in the east of the Republic of Macedonia, and in the regions of Blagoevgrad, Petrich and Sandanski in Bulgaria.

Location of the Pirin-Maleševo dialect group and its neighbours, as seen from the perspective of Macedonian dialectology.

The Blagoevgrad-Petric dialect is also closely related to the neighbouring Kyustendil and Samokov dialect, and especially to the Dupnitsa dialect, whereas the Maleshevo dialect is closely related especially with the Štip-Strumica dialect.

Linguistic properties

The following is a table of distinctive phonological and grammatical features, comparing the values found in the Maleshevo and Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialects with Standard Bulgarian, Standard Macedonian and two other neighbouring Western Bulgarian dialect areas.

Comparison of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect with Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian
Parameter Maleshevo dialect Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect Standard Bulgarian (based on Eastern Bulgarian) Standard Macedonian Dupnitsa dialect Samokov dialect English
Proto-Slavic *tʲ/*dʲ – Old Church Slavonic щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) шч/жџ (ʃtʃ//dʒ/} (in some areas also щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) and ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ) – лешча/межџу (in some areas леща/между or леќа/меѓу) щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ) – леќа/меѓу щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между lentils/between
Proto-Slavic *gt/kt – Old Church Slavonic щ (ʃt) ќ (c) (in some areas also щ (ʃt) – ноќ (in some areas нощ) щ (ʃt) – нощ щ (ʃt) – нощ ќ (c) – ноќ щ (ʃt) – нощ щ (ʃt) – нощ night
Old Church Slavonic ѣ (yat) е (ɛ) – бел/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели а/я (ʲa/ɛ) – бял/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели white
Old Church Slavonic ѫ (yus), approx. ɔ̃ а (a) – маж а (a) – маж ъ (ə) – мъж а (a) – маж а (a) – маж а (a) – маж man
Old Church Slavonic ъ (ə) о (ɔ) – сон о (ɔ) – сон ъ (ə) – сън о (ɔ) – сон о (ɔ) – сон а (a) – сан dream
Old Church Slavonic ръ/рь vocalic r/ро (rɔ) – врох, крф ръ (rə) – връх, кръв ръ/ър (rə/ər) – връх, кръв vocalic r – врв, крф vocalic r – врх, крф vocalic r – врх, крф summit, blood
Old Church Slavonic лъ/ль ъ (ə) – съза ъ (ə) – съза лъ/ъл (lə/əl) – сълза oл (ɔl) – солза vocalic l/ъ (ə) – слза/съза depending on region у (u) – суза tear
Old Church Slavonic x /x/ Preserved – бех, хубаво Preserved – бех, хубаво Preserved – бях, хубаво Lost or replaced by ф/в (f/v) – беф, убаво Preserved – бех, хубаво Preserved – бех, хубаво was, nice
Vowel reduction No No Yes No No No
Definite article Single definite article – момчето Single definite article – момчето Single definite article – момчето Triple definite article – момчето, момчево, момчено Single definite article – момчето Single definite article – момчето the boy
Ending of verbs in 1st person sing. present time а – 1st and 2nd conjugation, ам – 3rd – чета, пиша а – 1st and 2nd conjugation, ам – 3rd – чета, пиша а (я) – 1st and 2nd conjugation, ам (ям) – 3rd – чета, пиша only ам – четам, пишам а – 1st and 2nd conjugation, ам – 3rd – чета, пиша only (и/е)м – четем, пишем (I) read, (I) write
Formation of past perfect tense бeх + past participle – бех писал, бех молил бeх + past participle – бех писал, бех молил бях + past participle – бях писал, бях молил имам + past passive aorist participle – имам писано, имам молено бeх + past participle – бех писал, бех молил бех + past participle – бех писал, бeх молил (I) had read, (I) had written
Word stress Dynamic – доˈбиток, ˈпера Dynamic – доˈбиток, пеˈра Dynamic - доˈбитък, пеˈра Fixed antepenultimate - ˈдобиток, ˈперам Dynamic – доˈбиток, пеˈра Dynamic – доˈбиток, пеˈрем cattle, (I) wash

As shown by the table, the Maleshevo and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect show mixed Bulgarian and Macedonian phonological traits and mostly Bulgarian grammatical traits (several instead of one conjugation, single definite article, formation of past perfect tense with бeх, etc.), with the Maleshevo dialect ranging mostly towards Macedonian and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect ranging mostly towards Bulgarian (cf. table). The transitional nature of the dialect is further demonstrated by the reflexes of the Proto-Slavic *tʲ/*dʲ: from the typically Bulgarian щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) in the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the far East of the Maleshevo dialect, along the border with Bulgaria, through the transitional шч/жџ (ʃtʃ//dʒ/} in the central parts, and to the typically Macedonian ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ) in the western parts of the Maleshevo dialect

Other phonological characteristics

  • shortening of the words
  • use of the plural suffix -ove as in Bulgarian instead of -ovi as in Macedonian: клучове ('keys')
  • use of the old consonant group caf- instead of the consonant group cv-: цев- цаф (cev, 'pipe')
  • use of /v/ at the beginning of the word as in Bulgarian instead of /j/ as in Macedonian: важе ('rope')

Morphological characteristics

  • use of the preposition sus: - сус рака ('with the hand');
  • the clitic possessive forms follow the verb: му рече - рече му ('He told him');
  • use of the dative form with na: на нас ни рече ( na nas ni reche, 'He told us')
  • the form of the verb to be for third person plural is sa as in Bulgarian, instead of se as in Macedonian: тие се - тие са (tie se, 'they are')
  • use of the pronoun on instead of toj

Examples of the dialect

  • Traditional song from Maleševo-Pirin region:

Излегол Яне прошетал, леле
низ таа Пирин Планина
низ таа Пирин Планина, леле
низ тоа поле широко.

Нарамил пушка на рамо
настранил капа на чело
на пат ми сретна овчарче, леле
на овчарче вели, говори.

Овчарче младо чобанче, леле
дали я виде четата
дали я виде четата, леле
четата на Яне Сандански.

Видело сум я слушнало, леле
сега за Яне збореа
каде е Яне Сандански, леле
четата да си прибере.

References

  1. ^ Sussex, Roland (2006). The Slavic Languages. Cambridge University Press. pp. p.510. ISBN 0521223156. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. Стойков, Стойко (2006). Българска диалектология. Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
  3. ^ str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001
  4. ^ Стойков, Стойко (2006). Българска диалектология. Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
  5. V. Friedman, "Macedonian", in: B. Comrie and G. Corbett (eds.), The Slavonic Languages, New York: Routledge, p. 247
  6. ^ The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY
Dialects of the Bulgarian language
Eastern
Moesian
Balkan
Rup
Western
Northwestern
Southwestern
Transitional
Also considered a dialect of Macedonian.
Dialects of Macedonian
Western
Central
Western and
northwestern
Northern
Eastern
Western
Southeastern
Eastern
Southeastern
Also considered a dialect of Bulgarian. Considered to be a part of the transitional Torlak dialect and as a subdialect of Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbo-Croatian.
Categories: