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Revision as of 23:51, 10 September 2005
This is a list of UN peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1948, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations.
The Charter of the United Nations gives the UN Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorizes regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.
Completed missions
Africa
| Dates of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960–1964 | United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) | 
|
Congo | Congo Crisis | |
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I) | 
|
Angola | Angolan War of Independence | |
| 1989–1990 | United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) | 
|
Namibia | Namibian War of Independence | |
| 1991–1995 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) |
|
Angola | Angolan Civil War | |
| 1992–1994 | United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) | 
|
Mozambique | Liberian Civil War | |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I) | 
|
Somalia | Somali Civil War | |
| 1993–1997 | United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) | 
|
Liberia | Liberian Civil War | |
| 1993–1994 | United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) | 
|
Rwanda | Rwandan genocide | |
|
Uganda | ||||
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) |
|
Rwanda | Rwandan genocide | |
| 1993–1995 | United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) |
|
Somalia | Somali Civil War | |
| 1994 | United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG) | 
|
Chad | Aouzou Strip dispute | |
|
Libya | ||||
| 1995–1997 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) |
|
Angola | Angolan Civil War | |
| 1997–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) |
|
Angola | Angolan Civil War | |
| 1998–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) | 
|
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone civil war | |
| 1998–2000 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) | 
|
Central African Republic | Central African Republic mutinies |
Americas
| Dates of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965–1966 | Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP) | 
|
Dominican Republic | Dominican Civil War | |
| 1989–1992 | United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) | 
|
Central America | Nicaraguan Civil War | |
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| 1991–1995 | United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) |
|
El Salvador | El Salvador Civil War | |
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) | 
|
Haiti | 1991 coup and military rule in Haiti | |
| 1996–1997 | United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) |
|
Haiti | Stabilizing Haiti's new democracy | |
| 1997 | The United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) |
|
Guatemala | Guatemalan Civil War | |
| 1997 | United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH) |
|
Haiti | Training of the Haitian National Police | |
| 1997–2000 | United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) |
|
Haiti | Training of the Haitian National Police |
Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
Asia
| Dates of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962–1963 | United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF) | Template:Country data West New Guinea | West New Guinea | Indonesian takeover of West New Guinea | |
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| 1965–1966 | United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) | 
|
India | Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 | |
|
Pakistan | ||||
| 1988–1990 | United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) | 
|
Afghanistan | Soviet invasion of Afghanistan | |
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Pakistan | ||||
| 1991–1992 | United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) | 
|
Cambodia | Fall of the Khmer Rouge | |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) |
|
Cambodia | Fall of the Khmer Rouge | |
| 1994–2000 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) | 
|
Tajikistan | Tajikistan Civil War | |
| 1999 | United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) | 
|
East Timor | Indonesian invasion and occupation | |
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| 1999–2002 | The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) |
|
East Timor | Indonesian invasion and occupation | |
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| 2002–2005 | United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor UNMISET) |
|
East Timor | Indonesian invasion and occupation |
The first flag shown is that of the West Papua (West New Guinea), the country that had been arranged to succeed the Dutch colony. However, the Netherlands, whose flag is the second shown, was later forced to hand over the territory to Indonesia, whose flag is last.
Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).
Europe
| Dates of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–1995 | United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) | 
|
Former Yugoslavia | Yugoslav wars | |
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| 1994–1996 | United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO) |
|
Croatia | Croatian War | |
| 1995–2002 | United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian War | |
| 1995–1999 | United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) |
|
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | Aftermath of the Yugoslav wars | |
| 1996–1998 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) |
|
Croatia | Croatian War | |
| 1996–2002 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) |
|
Prevlaka Peninsula | Prevlaka territorial dispute | |
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| 1998 | United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG) |
|
Croatia | Croatian War |
This mission operated within the current successor states to the Former Yugoslavia of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order.
Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.
Middle East
| Dates of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956–1967 | First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) | 
|
Egypt | Suez Crisis, Six-Day War | |
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Israel | ||||
| 1958 | United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) | 
|
Lebanon | Lebanon crisis of 1958 | |
| 1963–1964 | United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) | 
|
Yemen | Yemen Civil War (See also Yemen Arab Republic) | |
| 1973–1979 | Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) |
|
Egypt | Yom Kippur War | |
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Israel | ||||
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG) | 
|
Iran | Iran-Iraq War | |
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Iraq | ||||
| 1991–2003 | United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) |
|
Iraq | Gulf War | |
|
Kuwait |
Current deployment
Africa
| Start of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) | 
|
Western Sahara | Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara | |
| 1999 | United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) |
|
Democratic Republic of Congo | Second Congo War | |
| 1999 | United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) |
|
Sierra Leone | Armed Forces Revolutionary Council insurrection | |
| 2000 | United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) | 
|
Eritrea | Eritrean-Ethiopian War | |
|
Ethiopia | ||||
| 2003 | United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) |
|
Liberia | Second Liberian Civil War | |
| 2004 | United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) | 
|
Burundi | Burundi Civil War | |
| 2004 | United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) | 
|
Côte d'Ivoire | Civil war in Côte d'Ivoire | |
| 2005 | United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) | 
|
Sudan | Darfur conflict |
Americas
| Start of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) |
|
Haiti | 2004 Haiti rebellion |
Asia
| Start of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) |
|
India | Indo-Pakistani Wars | |
|
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Pakistan |
Europe
| Start of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) | 
|
Cyprus | Cyprus dispute | |
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| 1993 | United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) | 
|
Georgia | Abkhazian War | |
| 1999 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) | 
|
Kosovo | Kosovo War | |
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The United Nations and all foreign governments but Turkey recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, whose flag is shown first, over the whole island of Cyprus. The second flag is that of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state, by virtue of controlling a the northern third of the island, which is recognized only by Turkey and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.
There is no official flag of Kosovo. The top flag is the flag of Albania, used by the Albanian-dominated administration and the vast majority of Kosovo Albanians. The bottom flag is the flag of Serbia and Montenegro, used by the Serb-inhabited area of north Kosovo. For more see flag of Kosovo.
Middle East
| Start of operation | Name of Operation | Location | Conflict | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) | 
|
Middle East | (Monitors the various ceasefires and assists UNDOF and UNIFIL) | |
| 1974 | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) |
|
Golan Heights | Agreed withdrawal by Syrian and Israeli forces following the Yom Kippur War. | |
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| 1978 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) |
|
Lebanon | Lebanese Civil War and Syrian presence in Lebanon |
There is no officially recognized flag of the entire region of the Middle East. Shown is a map of the Middle East.
Various regions of the Golan Heights have been claimed by Israel, Lebanon, and Syria; all three flags are shown, in that order.
See also
References
- See individual mission websites with their listing.