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Extreme longevity tracking is the tracing and recording of claims of exceptionally long human lives (longevity), as a branch of demography. Persons have been noted for tracking 'supercentenarians' (those aged 110+) for hundreds of years; some included quite famous persons noted in other fields. What was once a hobby in the Middle Ages became a more scientific endeavor in the 1870's with William Thoms. Alexander Graham Bell dabbled in the field, among his many other pursuits. While long a back-burner field, noted names such as "Young and Bowerman" in the 1930's continued. The advent of the Guinness Book of World Records brought the tradition worldwide recognition. By the 1960s, some governments began tracking 'centenarians' as well as the 'oldest person' in the country (for example, Japan started in 1963; the UK in 1966). Today, many European nations, from Germany to the Netherlands, track 'supercentenarians'. However, even some Western nations have lagged: major efforts in the USA only started in the last decade, and other federalized states such as France have not yet instituted such recordkeeping. Due to this, there remains room for 'unofficial' experts.

While supercentenarian tracking may seem esoteric to some, recently society has recognized its use, in particular since the advent of pension payments (beginning in Germany around 1870 and now near-universal). Early trackers, however, focused either on myth-making or myth-busting; the goal was often to find out why some people lived so long and find the 'secret to long life.' Later, scientific inquiry found that in most cases, extreme ages, especially 115+, were all false. Only in recent decades has a population of persons 110+ emerged as a consistent reality (the first validated 110-year-old was in 1898, but as recently as the 1960's the 'oldest person' was as young as 109).

History

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items.

Prehistory and the age of myths
Development of systems of recordkeeping
1870s--William Thoms and a new skepticism
1890s--Thomas Emley Young and actuarial science
- Thomas Emley Young was the president of the Society of Actuaries, London, and the foremost supercentenarian researcher in his day. He continued the work of William Thoms and introduced the method of counting "years and days" for living centenarians and supercentenarians
1918--Alexander Graham Bell
1939--Walter Bowerman
1951--Paul Vincent and the method of extreme generations
1966--Roger Thatcher and Vaino Kannisto develop the K-T Database
1994-Bernard Jeune and the mortality trajectory hypothesis

Researchers

Researchers and groups in the field include the Gerontology Research Group (founded by L. Stephen Coles in 1990), the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (founded by James Vaupel in 1996), the Supercentenarian Research Foundation (founded by Stan Primmer in 2004), Louis Epstein, Robert Douglas Young and Filipe Prista Lucas. Resources include the International Database on Longevity (founded by Jean-Marie Robine in 2005).

National level

The following people are recognized sources of data on supercentenarians at the national level:

Filipe Prista Lucas (Portugal)
Giovanni Alunni (Italy)
Laurent Toussaint (France)
Miguel Quesada (Spain)
Thomas Breining (Germany)
Michel Poulain (Belgium)

Other trackers

A. Ross Eckler, Jr. (with Guinness World Records 1950's to 1970's)

External links

References

1879 William Thoms book (the original was in 1873):

The Longevity of Man. Its Facts and Its Fictions. With a prefatory letter to Prof. Owen, C.B., F.R.S. on the limits and frequency of exceptional cases. London: F. Norgate, 1879.