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			The term '''dude''' is an ] ] word generally used informally to address a ] individual. The word was once used primarily by young adults but has become a common slang term used in various age groups. The female equivalent is "dudette".
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			"Dude" is also used alone in a sentence as an interjection denoting a feeling of surprise, happiness, disappointment, amazement or other ]s.<ref name= male>{{Cite web\|url= http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-dude.htm l\|title=Dude\|quote=A man; a guy\|work=The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English\|year=2006\|accessdate=2007-05-15\|publisher=]}}</ref> The word might also be used practically anywhere in a sentence in order to convey such sentiments in conversation, as in 'Listen dude, we have to go'.

			The tone and inflection of the word "dude" are used to convey the various meanings. For example, a short, clipped "dude!" may convey annoyance with someone, while a long, drawn-out "duuuude" conveys amazement.

			Other, older definitions of ''dude'' exist; a particularly well-dressed male or one who is unfamiliar with life outside a large city. These definitions may go hand-in-hand, hence the phrased definition "An Easterner in the West" (United States).<ref name= west>{{cite web \| url =http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dude \| title =''"Dude"'', Def. 2 - The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary\| accessdate =2007-05-08 \| publisher =©]}}</ref>

			One of the earliest books to use the word was ''The Home and Farm Manual'', written by Jonathan Periam in 1883. In that work, Periam used the term ''dude'' several times to denote an ill-bred and ignorant, but ostentatious, man from the city.

			==Origins and common usage==
			]]]
			Originally "dude" meant a city person in the country, with strong connotations of ignorance of rural ways. The word as used in contemporary culture, typically American, may have had its origins in the ] <ref>How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads; Daniel Cassidy; CounterPunch Books and AK Press, 2007.</ref>, and indeed, ''dúd'' in modern Irish is a derogatory term for a foolish person <ref>Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, Niall Ó Dónaill, An Gúm: BÁC. pp.459 </ref>.

			The word "dude" was invented by ] and his friends as a combination of "]" and "]".

			One example of this use is "]", ranches built in the western states of America for "dudes", or city folk to experience "cowboy life". "Dude" was also used in the 1870s by cowboys to describe a newcomer to the West.<ref></ref> ] ] ] was thought to be a "dude" when he first arrived in Tombstone.

			==''Dude'' in popular culture==
			The term ''dude'' became prominent in surfer culture in the early ], but it wasn't until the mid-] that it started creeping into the mainstream. Some usages in ] have contributed to the spread of this word:{{Fact\|date=July 2007}}
			<!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD INDISCRIMINATELY; EPHEMERAL OR OBSCURE USAGE IS NOT NOTEWORTHY -->
			* 1883 - ] of ] pictures the refined, well-dressed President, with the caption, "According to your cloth you've cut your coat, O Dude of all the White House residents; We trust that will help you with the vote, When next we go nominating Presidents."
			* 1889 - ] by ] refers to dudes: "It is the town of showy hotels, patronized chiefly by dudes and ballet girls."
			* 1889 - ] by ], talks about how commoners in Medieval Britain worshipped nobility and title without question, for the sake only of a meaningless title: "... and the best of English commoners was still content to see his inferiors impudently continuing to hold a number of positions, such as lordships and the throne, to which the grotesque laws of his country did not allow him to aspire; in fact, he was even able to persuade himself that he was proud of it. It seems to show that there isn't anything you can't stand, if you are only born and bred to it. Of course that taint, that reverence for rank and title, had bee in our American blood, too - I know that; but when I left America it had disappeared - at least to all intents and purposes. The remnant of it was restricted to the dudes and dudesses. When a disease has worked its way down to that level, it may fairly be said to be out of the system."
			* 1898 - '']'', an early silent film in which a ] young man starts a fight with another gentleman.<ref></ref>
			* 1933 - ''The Dude Bandit'', a western in which Tod 'Ace' Carter, played by ], defeats the evil moneylender Hooper Atchley, played by Al Burton.
			* 1959 - '']'', a western in which a sheriff (]) and deputies, including a drunk named "Dude" (]), defeat the bad guys.
			* 1962 - '']'', western in which ] uses the term repeatedly, especially toward ].
			* 1966 - '']'', a documentary featuring the bohemian lifestyle of the surfer, including a soundtrack featuring the ].
			* 1969 - '']'', ]'s character defines 'dude' as "nice guy" and "regular sort of person".
			* 1972 - "]", a hit single performed by ], written by ].
			* 1973 - '']'', a musical by ].
			* 1978 - '']'', a film drama depicting the surfer life in the '60s and '70s.
			* 1980s - Dude enters the mainstream via multiple surfer dude spoofs in film. It spreads rapidly with skateboard culture which is a direct descendant of surf culture, but is not restricted by geography. Sometime mid-decade ''dude'' crosses the gender barrier. Dude also appears frequently in the popular ] ].
			* 1982 - '']'', a wildly successful teen comedy/drama featuring ] as Jeff Spicoli, the quintessential surfer dude. A sarcastic, but warm treatment, this film is largely responsible for the first wave of the mainstreaming of 'dude'.
			* 1985 - '']'' (written by ]) is first to use the overused phrase, "No way, dude!", and the first mainstream display of ''dude'' having crossed the gender barrier. In a noteworthy scene a young woman tells her mother, "No way, dude."
			* 1987 - "]" by ] tops the charts. The ] ] film '']'' is released.<ref></ref>
			* 1989 - On February 17, 1989 '']'', introduced ] and ] as Ted "Theodore" Logan and Bill S. Preston, Esq., two righteous band dudes, bringing ''dude'' to an even wider audience. Ted uses the word "dude" ten times in the first fifteen minutes. The next day on February 18 the first segment of the "]" skit aired on '']''.
			* 1989 - "]" airs on Nickelodeon and runs for three years. The cast of this teenage ] set on a ] included ].
			* 1990 - ] band ]'s single "Don't Call Me Dude" from the album '']'' was a Top 20 hit in ].
			* 1991 - ] and his band are credited as the "Dudes of Leisure" on '']'' and all subsequent albums.
			* 1993 - ]'s comedy album "They're All Gonna Laugh at You" features the track "Buddy", in which several characters have a conversation composed almost entirely of the words, "Buddy", "Homie", and "Dude".
			* 1994 - In the ] ], the male characters, Ross, Joey and Chandler, frequently refer to each other as "dude", as a term of endearment and to express shock/surprise.
			* 1997 - " In the television show ], one of the characters, Jordan, was a much known user of the word "dude", using it in every episode appearance. It may well have been his most common word of the series.
			* 1997 - '']'', an album from ].
			* 1998 - '']'', featuring ] and ], as two young men who, at one point in the film, have an argument in which every word is "dude" and the inflection gives meaning.
			* 1998 - '']'', featuring ] as "The Dude (or His Dudeness, or Duder, or, you know, El Duderino, if you're not into the whole brevity thing)," an aging hippie/beach bum turns "Dude" into a philosophy.
			] as Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski in '']''.]]
			* 2000 - '']'', features ] and ], as two young men or "dudes" who lose their car.
			* 2001-2003 - The phrase "Dude, you're getting a Dell!" enters mainstream culture in the US thanks to a highly successful ad run by PC maker Dell Inc., featuring the late-teen to early 20's character named Steven, popularly referred to as the Dell Dude.
			* 2004 - ]' catchphrase on the TV show '']'' is "Dude", over the first three seasons he said "dude" nearly 200 times. <ref></ref>
			* 2008 - The brothers ] and ] in ] frequently refer to each other and various other characters as 'dudes'.
			* 2008 - ] airs a respected ] in which the dialogue consists entirely of different inflections of "Dude!" and does not mention the product by name.<ref>{{cite web

			\| last = Swansburg
			\| first = John
			\| authorlink =
			\| coauthors =
			\| title = Dude! How great are those new Bud Light ads?
			\| work = Slate.com
			\| publisher =
			\| date = 2008-01-28
			\| url = http://www.slate.com/id/2182846/pagenum/all/#page_start
			\| format =
			\| doi =
			\| accessdate = 2008-03-10}}</ref>

			==External links==
			{{wiktionary\|dude}}
			*
			* - By Kiesling, Scott F., Published in ''American Speech'', Vol. 79, No. 3, Fall 2004, pp. 281-305
			* You've Come a Long Way, Dude: A History, By Richard A. Hill, ''American Speech'', Vol. 69, No. 3 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 321-327
			* - Dudelicious Dissection, From Sontag to Spicoli, '']''
			* "dude"

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			]
			]

			]

Revision as of 18:32, 8 October 2008

The term dude is an American English slang word generally used informally to address a male individual. The word was once used primarily by young adults but has become a common slang term used in various age groups. The female equivalent is "dudette". "Dude" is also used alone in a sentence as an interjection denoting a feeling of surprise, happiness, disappointment, amazement or other emotions. The word might also be used practically anywhere in a sentence in order to convey such sentiments in conversation, as in 'Listen dude, we have to go'.

The tone and inflection of the word "dude" are used to convey the various meanings. For example, a short, clipped "dude!" may convey annoyance with someone, while a long, drawn-out "duuuude" conveys amazement.

Other, older definitions of dude exist; a particularly well-dressed male or one who is unfamiliar with life outside a large city. These definitions may go hand-in-hand, hence the phrased definition "An Easterner in the West" (United States).

One of the earliest books to use the word was The Home and Farm Manual, written by Jonathan Periam in 1883. In that work, Periam used the term dude several times to denote an ill-bred and ignorant, but ostentatious, man from the city.

Origins and common usage

Originally "dude" meant a city person in the country, with strong connotations of ignorance of rural ways. The word as used in contemporary culture, typically American, may have had its origins in the Irish , and indeed, dúd in modern Irish is a derogatory term for a foolish person .

The word "dude" was invented by Oscar Wilde and his friends as a combination of "duds" and "attitude".

One example of this use is "dude ranches", ranches built in the western states of America for "dudes", or city folk to experience "cowboy life". "Dude" was also used in the 1870s by cowboys to describe a newcomer to the West. Tombstone Sherriff John Slaughter was thought to be a "dude" when he first arrived in Tombstone.

Dude in popular culture

The term dude became prominent in surfer culture in the early '60s, but it wasn't until the mid-'70s that it started creeping into the mainstream. Some usages in pop culture have contributed to the spread of this word:

1883 - Political cartoon of Chester Alan Arthur pictures the refined, well-dressed President, with the caption, "According to your cloth you've cut your coat, O Dude of all the White House residents; We trust that will help you with the vote, When next we go nominating Presidents."
1889 - Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome refers to dudes: "It is the town of showy hotels, patronized chiefly by dudes and ballet girls."
1889 - A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court by Mark Twain, talks about how commoners in Medieval Britain worshipped nobility and title without question, for the sake only of a meaningless title: "... and the best of English commoners was still content to see his inferiors impudently continuing to hold a number of positions, such as lordships and the throne, to which the grotesque laws of his country did not allow him to aspire; in fact, he was even able to persuade himself that he was proud of it. It seems to show that there isn't anything you can't stand, if you are only born and bred to it. Of course that taint, that reverence for rank and title, had bee in our American blood, too - I know that; but when I left America it had disappeared - at least to all intents and purposes. The remnant of it was restricted to the dudes and dudesses. When a disease has worked its way down to that level, it may fairly be said to be out of the system."
1898 - Some Dudes Can Fight, an early silent film in which a Bowery young man starts a fight with another gentleman.
1933 - The Dude Bandit, a western in which Tod 'Ace' Carter, played by Hoot Gibson, defeats the evil moneylender Hooper Atchley, played by Al Burton.
1959 - Rio Bravo, a western in which a sheriff (John Wayne) and deputies, including a drunk named "Dude" (Dean Martin), defeat the bad guys.
1962 - The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, western in which Lee Marvin uses the term repeatedly, especially toward Jimmy Stewart.
1966 - The Endless Summer, a documentary featuring the bohemian lifestyle of the surfer, including a soundtrack featuring the The Sandals.
1969 - Easy Rider, Peter Fonda's character defines 'dude' as "nice guy" and "regular sort of person".
1972 - "All the Young Dudes", a hit single performed by Mott the Hoople, written by David Bowie.
1973 - Dude, a musical by Galt MacDermot.
1978 - Big Wednesday, a film drama depicting the surfer life in the '60s and '70s.
1980s - Dude enters the mainstream via multiple surfer dude spoofs in film. It spreads rapidly with skateboard culture which is a direct descendant of surf culture, but is not restricted by geography. Sometime mid-decade dude crosses the gender barrier. Dude also appears frequently in the popular animated television series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
1982 - Fast Times at Ridgemont High, a wildly successful teen comedy/drama featuring Sean Penn as Jeff Spicoli, the quintessential surfer dude. A sarcastic, but warm treatment, this film is largely responsible for the first wave of the mainstreaming of 'dude'.
1985 - Less Than Zero (written by Brett Easton Ellis) is first to use the overused phrase, "No way, dude!", and the first mainstream display of dude having crossed the gender barrier. In a noteworthy scene a young woman tells her mother, "No way, dude."
1987 - "Dude (Looks Like a Lady)" by Aerosmith tops the charts. The punk western film Dudes is released.
1989 - On February 17, 1989 Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, introduced Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter as Ted "Theodore" Logan and Bill S. Preston, Esq., two righteous band dudes, bringing dude to an even wider audience. Ted uses the word "dude" ten times in the first fifteen minutes. The next day on February 18 the first segment of the "Wayne's World" skit aired on Saturday Night Live.
1989 - "Hey Dude" airs on Nickelodeon and runs for three years. The cast of this teenage sitcom set on a dude ranch included Christine Taylor.
1990 - Thrash metal band Scatterbrain's single "Don't Call Me Dude" from the album Here Comes Trouble was a Top 20 hit in Australia.
1991 - Bryan Adams and his band are credited as the "Dudes of Leisure" on Waking up the Neighbours and all subsequent albums.
1993 - Adam Sandler's comedy album "They're All Gonna Laugh at You" features the track "Buddy", in which several characters have a conversation composed almost entirely of the words, "Buddy", "Homie", and "Dude".
1994 - In the television show Friends, the male characters, Ross, Joey and Chandler, frequently refer to each other as "dude", as a term of endearment and to express shock/surprise.
1997 - " In the television show Teen Angel (1997 TV series), one of the characters, Jordan, was a much known user of the word "dude", using it in every episode appearance. It may well have been his most common word of the series.
1997 - Dude Ranch, an album from blink-182.
1998 - BASEketball, featuring Trey Parker and Matt Stone, as two young men who, at one point in the film, have an argument in which every word is "dude" and the inflection gives meaning.
1998 - The Big Lebowski, featuring Jeff Bridges as "The Dude (or His Dudeness, or Duder, or, you know, El Duderino, if you're not into the whole brevity thing)," an aging hippie/beach bum turns "Dude" into a philosophy.

File:The.Big.Lebowski.1998.Screenshot.1.jpg

Jeff Bridges as Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski in The Big Lebowski.

2000 - Dude, Where's My Car?, features Ashton Kutcher and Seann William Scott, as two young men or "dudes" who lose their car.
2001-2003 - The phrase "Dude, you're getting a Dell!" enters mainstream culture in the US thanks to a highly successful ad run by PC maker Dell Inc., featuring the late-teen to early 20's character named Steven, popularly referred to as the Dell Dude.
2004 - Hugo "Hurley" Reyes' catchphrase on the TV show Lost is "Dude", over the first three seasons he said "dude" nearly 200 times.
2008 - The brothers Sam and Dean Winchester in Supernatural frequently refer to each other and various other characters as 'dudes'.
2008 - Bud Light airs a respected advertising campaign in which the dialogue consists entirely of different inflections of "Dude!" and does not mention the product by name.

External links

The Compact Oxford English Dictionary's Definition
Dude - By Kiesling, Scott F., Published in American Speech, Vol. 79, No. 3, Fall 2004, pp. 281-305
You've Come a Long Way, Dude: A History, By Richard A. Hill, American Speech, Vol. 69, No. 3 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 321-327
Dude, Where's My Dude? - Dudelicious Dissection, From Sontag to Spicoli, New York Observer
Words@random: "dude"

References

l "Dude". The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press. 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-15. A man; a guy {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads; Daniel Cassidy; CounterPunch Books and AK Press, 2007.
Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, Niall Ó Dónaill, An Gúm: BÁC. pp.459
"Dude" in Dictionary.com
“Some Dudes Can Fight” at the Internet Movie Database
Dudes at the Internet Movie Database
Dude - Lostpedia
Swansburg, John (2008-01-28). "Dude! How great are those new Bud Light ads?". Slate.com. Retrieved 2008-03-10. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

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