Revision as of 20:27, 27 October 2008 view sourceNsaa (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers29,851 editsm Reverted edits by 140.211.126.36 to last version by SlackerMom (HG)← Previous edit | Revision as of 23:59, 29 October 2008 view source `GP (talk | contribs)31 edits jesus christ what idiot did this if, for some reason, you find the information relevant, dont just stick in the middle of a goddamn list and say "Hence, New Jersey is crossed off" I mean jesusNext edit → | ||
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''']''' is a pejorative term for an uneducated or ignorant person. | |||
{{otheruses}} | |||
{{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}} | |||
'''Idiot''' is a word derived from the ] {{Polytonic|ἰδιώτης}}, ''idiōtēs'' ("person lacking professional skill," "a private citizen," "individual"), from {{Polytonic|ἴδιος}}, ''idios'' ("private," "one's own").<ref>Liddell-Scott-Jones ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', entries for and .</ref> In ] the word ''idiota'' ("ordinary person, layman") preceded the ] meaning "uneducated or ignorant person."<ref>''Words'', entry ''''.</ref> Its modern meaning and form dates back to ] around the year 1300, from the ] ''idiote'' ("uneducated or ignorant person"). The related word '''''idiocy''''' dates to 1487 and may have been analogously modeled on the words ]<ref>Etymonline.com, entry ''''</ref> and ].<ref>Etymonline.com, entry ''''</ref><ref name=idiot>Etymonline.com, entry ''''</ref> The word has ]s in many other languages. | |||
'''Idiot''' or '''The Idiot''' may also refer to: | |||
== History == | |||
* ], a medical term for a person with savant syndrome | |||
"Idiot" was originally created to refer to "layman, person lacking professional skill", "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning".<ref>{{cite web | |||
* ], by Fyodor Dostoevsky | |||
|url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/i/i0022600.html | |||
|title=idiot | |||
|publisher=yourdictionary.com | |||
|accessdate-2007-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/idiot | |||
|title=10 results for: idiot | |||
|publisher=dictionary.com | |||
|accessdate=2007-09-26}}</ref> | |||
Declining to take part in public life, such as democratic government of the ] (city state), such as the ], was considered dishonorable. "Idiots" were seen as having bad judgment in public and political matters. Over time, the term "idiot" shifted away from its original connotation of selfishness and came to refer to individuals with overall bad judgment–individuals who are "]". In modern ] usage, the terms "idiot" and "idiocy" describe an extreme folly or stupidity, and its symptoms (foolish or stupid utterance or deed). In psychology, it is a historical term for the state or condition now called ].<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/idiocy | |||
|title=idiocy | |||
|publisher=Merriam-Webster online | |||
|accessdate=2007-09-26}}</ref> | |||
== Disability == | |||
In '''film and television: | |||
In 19th and early 20th century medicine and psychology, an "idiot" was a person with a very severe ], or a very low ] level, as a sufferer of ], defining idiots as people whose IQ were below 20 (with a standard deviation of 16). | |||
* ], a Japanese film by Akira Kurosawa | |||
* ], a Russian film by ], starring ] | |||
* ], a Hindi film by Mani Kaul | |||
*'']'', a 1998 Danish film by Lars von Trier | |||
* ], a 2003 Russian television series | |||
In current medical classification, these people are now said to have profound mental retardation, and the word "idiot" is no longer used as a scientific term. | |||
In '''music: | |||
* ], by Iggy Pop | |||
* ], by Stan Rogers | |||
== United States law == | |||
==See also== | |||
Until 2007, the California Penal Code Section 26 stated that "Idiots" were one of six types of people who are not capable of committing crimes. In 2007 the code was amended to read "persons who are mentally incapacitated."<ref>{{cite web | |||
*] | |||
|url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=pen&group=00001-01000&file=25-29 | |||
*'']'', a series of reference books | |||
|title=Penal Code section 25-29 | |||
|publisher=State of California | |||
|accessdate=2007-09-21}}</ref> | |||
In several states, "idiots" do not have the right to vote: | |||
{{disambig}} | |||
* Arkansas Article III, Section 5<ref></ref> | |||
] | |||
* Iowa Article II, section 5<ref></ref> | |||
] | |||
* Kentucky Section 145<ref></ref> | |||
* Mississippi Article 12, Section 241<ref> See Article 12, Section 241</ref> | |||
* New Mexico Article VII, section 1<ref>http://vlex.com/vid/309687 New Mexico Constitution, Article VII, section 1]<!-- not available at previous link http://www.nmlaws.org/ --></ref> | |||
* Ohio (Article V, Section 6)<ref></ref> | |||
== In literature == | |||
{{refimprove|date=October 2006}} | |||
A few authors have used "idiot" characters in novels, plays and poetry. Often these characters are used to highlight or indicate something else (]). Examples of such usage are ] '']'' and ] '']''. Idiot characters in literature are often confused with or subsumed within mad or lunatic characters. The most common imbrication between these two categories of mental impairment occurs in the polemic surrounding Edmund from ] '']''. In ] novel '']'', the idiocy of the main character, Prince Lev Nikolaievich Myshkin, is attributed more to his honesty, trustfulness, kindness, and humility, than to a lack of intellectual ability. ] claimed, in his ], that ] was an idiot. This resulted from his description of Jesus as having an aversion toward the material world.<ref>{{Cite book | |||
|first=Friedrich | |||
|last=Nietzsche | |||
|title=The Antichrist | |||
|authorlink=Friedrich Nietzsche | |||
|year=1895 | |||
|url=http://www.handprint.com/SC/NIE/antich.html | |||
|quote=To make a hero of Jesus! And even more, what a misunderstanding is the word "genius"! Our whole concept, our cultural concept, of "spirit" has no meaning whatever in the world in which Jesus lives. Spoken with the precision of a physiologist, even an entirely different word would be yet more fitting here—the word idiot.}}<br> | |||
{§ 29, partially quoted here, contains three words that were suppressed by Nietzsche's sister when she published The Antichrist in 1895. The words are: "das Wort Idiot", translated here as "the word idiot". They were not made public until 1931, by Josef Hofmiller. ]'s 1920 translation does not contain these words.)</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==Sources== | |||
*{{1911}} on cretinism | |||
*{{Catholic}} | |||
== External links == | |||
{{wiktionary}} | |||
* "Middle English, ignorant person, from Old French ''idiote'' (modern French idiot), from Latin ''idiota'', from Greek ''idiotès'', private person, layman, from ''idios'', own, private." | |||
* "c.1300, "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning," from Old French ''idiote'' "uneducated or ignorant person," from Latin ''idiota'' "ordinary person, layman," in Late Latin "uneducated or ignorant person," from Greek ''idiotes'' "layman, person lacking professional skill," literally "private person," used patronizingly for "ignorant person," from ''idios'' "one's own". | |||
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Revision as of 23:59, 29 October 2008
For other uses, see Idiot (disambiguation).
Idiot is a word derived from the Greek Template:Polytonic, idiōtēs ("person lacking professional skill," "a private citizen," "individual"), from Template:Polytonic, idios ("private," "one's own"). In Latin the word idiota ("ordinary person, layman") preceded the Late Latin meaning "uneducated or ignorant person." Its modern meaning and form dates back to Middle English around the year 1300, from the Old French idiote ("uneducated or ignorant person"). The related word idiocy dates to 1487 and may have been analogously modeled on the words prophet and prophecy. The word has cognates in many other languages.
History
"Idiot" was originally created to refer to "layman, person lacking professional skill", "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning". Declining to take part in public life, such as democratic government of the polis (city state), such as the Athenian democracy, was considered dishonorable. "Idiots" were seen as having bad judgment in public and political matters. Over time, the term "idiot" shifted away from its original connotation of selfishness and came to refer to individuals with overall bad judgment–individuals who are "stupid". In modern English usage, the terms "idiot" and "idiocy" describe an extreme folly or stupidity, and its symptoms (foolish or stupid utterance or deed). In psychology, it is a historical term for the state or condition now called profound mental retardation.
Disability
In 19th and early 20th century medicine and psychology, an "idiot" was a person with a very severe mental retardation, or a very low IQ level, as a sufferer of cretinism, defining idiots as people whose IQ were below 20 (with a standard deviation of 16).
In current medical classification, these people are now said to have profound mental retardation, and the word "idiot" is no longer used as a scientific term.
United States law
Until 2007, the California Penal Code Section 26 stated that "Idiots" were one of six types of people who are not capable of committing crimes. In 2007 the code was amended to read "persons who are mentally incapacitated."
In several states, "idiots" do not have the right to vote:
- Arkansas Article III, Section 5
- Iowa Article II, section 5
- Kentucky Section 145
- Mississippi Article 12, Section 241
- New Mexico Article VII, section 1
- Ohio (Article V, Section 6)
In literature
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Idiot" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2006) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
A few authors have used "idiot" characters in novels, plays and poetry. Often these characters are used to highlight or indicate something else (allegory). Examples of such usage are William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and William Wordsworth's The Idiot Boy. Idiot characters in literature are often confused with or subsumed within mad or lunatic characters. The most common imbrication between these two categories of mental impairment occurs in the polemic surrounding Edmund from William Shakespeare's King Lear. In Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Idiot, the idiocy of the main character, Prince Lev Nikolaievich Myshkin, is attributed more to his honesty, trustfulness, kindness, and humility, than to a lack of intellectual ability. Nietzsche claimed, in his The Antichrist, that Jesus was an idiot. This resulted from his description of Jesus as having an aversion toward the material world.
See also
Notes
- Liddell-Scott-Jones A Greek-English Lexicon, entries for Template:Polytonic and Template:Polytonic.
- Words, entry idiota.
- Etymonline.com, entry prophet
- Etymonline.com, entry prophecy
- Etymonline.com, entry idiot
- "idiot". yourdictionary.com.
{{cite web}}
: Text "accessdate-2007-09-26" ignored (help) - "10 results for: idiot". dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- "idiocy". Merriam-Webster online. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- "Penal Code section 25-29". State of California. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
- Arkansas Article III, Section 5
- Iowa Article II, section 5
- Kentucky Section 145
- Mississippi Constitution of the State of Mississippi See Article 12, Section 241
- http://vlex.com/vid/309687 New Mexico Constitution, Article VII, section 1]
- Ohio Constitution, Article V, Section 6
- Nietzsche, Friedrich (1895). The Antichrist.
To make a hero of Jesus! And even more, what a misunderstanding is the word "genius"! Our whole concept, our cultural concept, of "spirit" has no meaning whatever in the world in which Jesus lives. Spoken with the precision of a physiologist, even an entirely different word would be yet more fitting here—the word idiot.
{§ 29, partially quoted here, contains three words that were suppressed by Nietzsche's sister when she published The Antichrist in 1895. The words are: "das Wort Idiot", translated here as "the word idiot". They were not made public until 1931, by Josef Hofmiller. H.L. Mencken's 1920 translation does not contain these words.)
Sources
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) on cretinism - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)
External links
- Dictionary.Reference.Com "Middle English, ignorant person, from Old French idiote (modern French idiot), from Latin idiota, from Greek idiotès, private person, layman, from idios, own, private."
- ProphetProphecy Etymonline "c.1300, "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning," from Old French idiote "uneducated or ignorant person," from Latin idiota "ordinary person, layman," in Late Latin "uneducated or ignorant person," from Greek idiotes "layman, person lacking professional skill," literally "private person," used patronizingly for "ignorant person," from idios "one's own".