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| I AM RAO ZAFAR IQBAL AND WANT TO JOIN PAKISTAN ISI WING BUT NO ONE IS GIVING ME A CHANCE. | |||
| {{about|the Pakistani intelligence agency|other uses|ISI}} | |||
| PLEASE SIR GIVE ME A CHANCE | |||
| {{U.S. government agencies|agency=Inter-Services Intelligence|image=Coat of arms of Pakistan.svg|size=125|title=FBI seal|motto='']''|}}{| | |||
| AND MY CONTACT ID IS raoshab@hotmail.com | |||
| ! style="text-align:left;" | Director : ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! style="text-align:left;" | Department : ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! style="text-align:left;" | Established : 1948 | |||
| |- | |||
| ! style="text-align:left;" | Major departments: | |||
| |- | |||
| | style="text-align:left;" | | |||
| * Joint Intelligence X (JIX) | |||
| * Joint Intelligence Bureau (JIB) | |||
| * Joint Counter Intelligence Bureau (JCIB) | |||
| * Joint Intelligence North (JIN) | |||
| * Joint Intelligence Miscellaneous (JIM) | |||
| * Joint Signal Intelligence Bureau (JSIB) | |||
| * Joint Intelligence Technical (JIT) | |||
| |- | |||
| ! style="text-align:left;" | Notable Directors: | |||
| |- | |||
| | style="text-align:left;" | | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| |} | |||
| The '''Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence''' (also '''Inter-Services Intelligence''' or '''ISI''') is the largest and most powerful intelligence service in ]. It is one of the three main branches of Pakistan's ]. | |||
| i pay you salam lt.GEN PASHA | |||
| After the poor performance of ] during ] the need for a separate intelligence body was keenly felt. Inter-Services Intelligence was therefore created as an independent unit in 1948 from the ] (IB), which handled intelligence sharing between the different branches of the military as well as external intelligence gathering. Its headquarters was initially located in ] but later it was moved to the newly built capital, ]. The current director of the organization is Lieutenant General ], who took over in September 2008. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| After independence in 1947, two new intelligence agencies were created in Pakistan called the ] (IB) and ] (MI). However, the weak performance of the MI in sharing intelligence between the Army, Navy and Air Force during the ] led to the creation of the Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in 1948. The ISI was structured to be manned by officers from the three main military services, and to specialize in the collection, analysis and assessment of external intelligence, either military or non-military. The ISI was the ] of Australian-born British Army officer, Major General R. Cawthome, then Deputy Chief of Staff in the Pakistan Army. Initially, the ISI had no role in the collection of internal intelligence, with the exception of the ] and ]. This changed in the late 1950s when ] became the President of Pakistan. | |||
| Ayub Khan expanded the role of ISI in safeguarding Pakistan’s interests, monitoring opposition politicians, and sustaining military rule in Pakistan. The ISI was reorganised in 1966 after intelligence failures in the ], and expanded in 1969. Ayub Khan suspected the loyalty of the ] based officers in the Subsidiary Intelligence Bureau or the Internal Bureau (IB) branch in ], the capital of then East Pakistan. He entrusted the ISI with the responsibility for the collection of internal political intelligence in East Pakistan. Later on, during the Baloch nationalist revolt in ] in the mid 1970s, the ISI was tasked with performing a similar intelligence gathering operation. | |||
| The ISI lost its importance during the regime of ], who was very critical of its role during the 1970 general elections, which triggered off the events leading to the ] and emergence of ]. | |||
| The ISI regained its lost glory after Gen. ] seized power in July 1977. Under his reign, the ISI was expanded by making it responsible for the collection of intelligence about the ] based ] party and monitoring the ] organization after the ] of 1979, as well as monitoring various political parties such as the ] (PPP). The ] of the 1980s saw the enhancement of the covert action capabilities of the ISI by the U.S. ] (CIA). A special Afghan Section was created under the command of colonel ] to oversee the coordination of the war. A number of officers from the ISI's Covert Action Division received training in the US and many covert action experts of the CIA were attached to the ISI to guide it in its operations against the Soviet troops by using the Afghan ], specifically the fighters loyal to ]. The United States of America provided technical assistance and financial support to Afghan ] through ISI. | |||
| {{see|Kashmir conflict}} | |||
| In 1988, Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq initiated ], which was designation of a three part action plan for the liberation of Kashmir, initiated after the failure of ]. The name of the operation came from ], the 18th century prince who led the war of liberation in ] against Spanish rule. By May 1996, at least six major militant organizations, and several smaller ones, operated in Kashmir. Their forces are variously estimated at between 5,000 and 10,000 armed men and were mostly of Pakistani Punjabis and Pashtuns. They were roughly divided between those who support independence and those who support accession to Pakistan.<ref>], April 30, 2008]</ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| During 1998-1999, the ISI Director General was sidelined due to his relationship with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif; General ] was in operational control and directly answerable only to General Pervez Musharraf. | |||
| ==Objectives== | |||
| The objectives of ISI are:<ref></ref> | |||
| # Safeguard Pakistani interests and national security inside and outside the country. | |||
| # Monitor the political and military developments in adjoining countries, which have direct bearing on Pakistan's ] and in the formulation of its ] and to collect foreign and domestic intelligence in such cases. | |||
| # Co-ordination of intelligence functions of the three military services. | |||
| # Keep vigilant surveillance over its cadre, foreigners, the media, politically active segments of Pakistani society, diplomats of other countries accredited to Pakistan and Pakistani diplomats serving outside the country. | |||
| ==Organization== | |||
| ISI's headquarters are located in Islamabad and currently the head of the ISI is called the Director General who has to be a serving Lieutenant General in the Pakistan Army. Under the Director General, three Deputy Director Generals report directly to him and are in charge in three separate fields of the ISI which are Political, External and General. | |||
| The general staff of the ISI mainly come from police, Paramilitary Forces and some specialized units from the Pakistan Army such as the SSG commandos. The total work force of the ISI has never been made public but experts estimate the size to be around 25,000. In addition to this ISI has over 30,000 informants and assets.<ref>http://www.politicsbharat.com/pakistan.php</ref> | |||
| ISI is divided into several departments who are each tasked with various duties with the over all aim to safe guard Pakistan's interests. | |||
| ===Departments=== | |||
| * '''Joint Intelligence X''': JIX is the coordinator of all the other departments in the ISI. Intelligence and information gathered from the other departments are sent to JIX which prepares and processes the information and from which prepares reports which are presented.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| * '''Joint Intelligence Bureau''': JIB is the largest part of the ISI and was perhaps the most powerful component of the ISI in the late 1980s. Its main area of work is to gather intelligence on political parties. It also has three sub-sections which include operations in India, conducting anti-terrorism operations and providing security to VIPs.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| * '''Joint Counter Intelligence Bureau''': JCIB is Pakistan's version of the NOC's of the CIA. Pakistani diplomats who conduct intelligence gathering operations report directly to this department. The area in which most of this kind of operations are conducted are in the Middle East, South Asia, China, Afghanistan and the Central Asian republics. It is alleged that the ISI has expanded the range of the diplomats to conduct intelligence gathering operations in Europe, Africa and South America as well.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| * '''Joint Intelligence North''': JIN is exclusively responsible for the Jammu and Kashmir region and in particular the Indian troop movement along the LOC (Line of Control). However, due to recent peace overtures between India and Pakistan, the size of this department is being reduced.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| * '''Joint Intelligence Miscellaneous''': JIM is responsible for conducting espionage, offensive spy missions, surveillance and any other activities during war time.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| * '''Joint Signal Intelligence Bureau''': JSIB has three Deputy Directors who are each charged with wireless communication intercepts, Monitoring enemy agents and other assets and conducting reconnaissance operations such as photographs. Most of the work force in this department are recruited from the Military College of Signals Academy and others come from the Army Signal Corps.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| * '''Joint Intelligence Technical''': JIT is responsible for developing gadgets, monitoring equipment, explosives and even has known to have a chemical warfare section. Other than that, not much is known about this department.<ref name="ISI Departments">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/Info/Intelligence.html|title=Overview Of Intelligence Services|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Pakistan |last=Defense}}</ref> | |||
| === Directors === | |||
| * ] Riaz Hussain.<ref>Altaf Gauhar. [http://fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/politics.html "How Intelligence Agencies Run Our | |||
| Politics"] ''The Nation'', August 17, 1997</ref> 1959 - 1966 | |||
| * Maj Gen (then ]) Mohammad Akbar Khan.<ref> ''British High Commission'', 5 May, 1966</ref> 1966 - 1971 | |||
| * Lt Gen (then ]) Ghulam Jilani Khan. 1971 - 1978 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. 1978 - 1980 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. 1980 - March 1987 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. March 1987 - May 1989 | |||
| * Lt Gen (retd) ]. May 1989 - August 1990 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. August 1990 - March 1992 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. March 1992 - May 1993 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. May 1993 - 1995 | |||
| * Lt Gen (then Maj Gen) ]. 1995 - October 1998 | |||
| * Lt Gen ] . October 1998 - October 1999 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. October 1999 - October 2001 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. October 2001 - October 2004 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. October 2004 - October 2007 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. October 2007 - September 2008 | |||
| * Lt Gen ]. September 2008 - Present | |||
| ==Controversies== | |||
| Critics of the ISI say that it has become a state within a state, answerable neither to the leadership of the army, nor to the President or the Prime Minister.<ref name= "BBC News">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1750265.stm |title=Profile: Pakistan's military intelligence agency |accessdate=2006-05-05|first=David|last=Chazan }}</ref> The ISI has been deeply involved in domestic politics of Pakistan since the late 1950s. The 1990 elections for example were widely believed to have been rigged by the ISI in favor of the ] (IJI) party, a ] of nine mainly ] parties by the ISI under ], to ensure the defeat of Bhutto's ] (PPP) in the polls.<ref name= "FAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/|title=Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence |accessdate=2006-05-05|first=John|last=Pike }}</ref> Gul has denied that the vote was rigged. In early 1990s ISI became involved in politics of ], it launched operation against the ] (MQM) seeing its growing popularity and political strength in the province of ]. It is alleged that ISI was involved in dividing MQM. This led to the creation of ] and ], the former being the party of ] and latter Haqiqi group. MQM-Haqiqi group was made by ISI to target MQM-A and to stop its growing popularity. It even bribed several journalists and newspapers to agitate against MQM-A.<ref name= "Defence Journal">{{cite web|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/july98/civilmilitary2.htm |title=The Military and the Intelligence Agencies |accessdate=2006-05-05}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: ] whom India blames ] ] Bombay Bombings|1993 Bombay bombings]] --> | |||
| ISI's Internal Political Division has been accused by various members of the Pakistan People's Party in assassinating ], one of the two brothers of Benazir Bhutto, through poisoning in the ] in the middle of 1985 in an attempt to intimidate her into not returning to Pakistan for directing the movement against Zia's Military government, but no proof has been found implicating the ISI.<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group ">{{cite web|url=http://www.saag.org/papers3/paper287.html|title=PAKISTAN'S INTER-SERVICES INTELLIGENCE (ISI)|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=B|last=Raman}}</ref> | |||
| The ISI was also involved in a massive corruption scandal dubbed "Mehrangate", in which top ISI and Army brass were given large sums of money by Yunus Habib (the owner of Mehran Bank) to deposit ISI’s foreign exchange reserves in Mehran Bank.<ref name="Ghazali">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghazali.net/book1/Chapter11a/body_page_4.html |title=ISLAMIC PAKISTAN: ILLUSIONS & REALITY |accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Abdus Sattar |last=Ghazali }}</ref> This was against government policy, as such banking which involves government institutions can only be done through state-owned financial institutions and not private banks. When the new director of the ISI was appointed and then proceeded to withdraw the money from Mehran Bank and back into state-owned financial institutions, the money had been used up in financing Habib's “extracurricular” activities. On ], ], Habib was arrested and the scandal became public. | |||
| India, on basis of data collected on islamic insurgents in Kashmir, has blamed the ISI for training, arming and giving logistics to the militants who are fighting the Indian security forces in ].<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group ">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/kashmir/Story/0,2763,722049,00.html|title=Dangerous game of state-sponsored terror that threatens nuclear conflict|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=Rory |last=McCarthy}}</ref> ] reports that the Inter-Service Intelligence, is the main supplier of funds and arms to the militant groups.<ref name="FAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/|title="Directorate for ISI" article on FAS, Intelligence Resource Program}}</ref> The British Government had stated there is a 'clear link' between Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and three major militant outfits<ref name="ISI">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jun/11war4.htm |title=Information regarding links between ISI and militants}}</ref> '']'' newspaper had uncovered evidence that Pakistani militants were openly raising funds and training new recruits and that the ISI's Kashmir cell was instrumental in funding and controlling these outfits.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/kashmir/Story/0,2763,722049,00.html |title=Dangerous game of state-sponsored terror...}} - ]</ref>India also accused ISI of masterminding the 1993 Mumbai bombings, with backing from Dawood Ibrahim's ].<ref name="South Asia Analysis Group">{{cite web|url=http://www.saag.org/papers3/paper287.html|title=PAKISTAN'S INTER-SERVICES INTELLIGENCE (ISI)|accessdate=2006-05-05|first=B|last=Raman}}</ref> Aside from Kashmir, India accuses the ISI of running training camps near the border of ] in late 1990s where India claims the ISI trains members of various ] groups from the northeastern Indian states. The ISI has denied these accusations, although without being able to clear its involvement from them. | |||
| In January 1993, the United States placed Pakistan on the watch list of such countries which were suspected of ]. This decision was made in part because the current head of the ISI in 1993, Lt. Gen. Nasir, had become a stumbling block in American efforts to buy back hundreds of shoulder-fired, ] ] missiles from the Afghan Mujahideen and was assisting organizations such as ], which had been branded as a terrorist organization by the US. Once Nasir's tenure as ISI chief ended, the US removed Pakistan from the terrorism watch list. The ISI is also suspected to have been involved with the hijackers of the ], having paid the ringleader ].<ref></ref> After 9/11, ISI was supposedly purged of members who did not support President ]'s stance towards the ] and ]. Newsreports in July 2008, however indicate that ISI may instead have chosen to merely suppress the activities of these individuals rather than remove them from office. | |||
| In the ] Newsnight Programme on ] ], a research paper prepared for the ], was quoted linking the ISI with support for the Taliban and other terrorist acts in the west.<ref> - ]</ref> The report states, "The US/UK cannot begin to turn the tide until they identify the real enemies from attacking ideas tactically - and seek to put in place a more just vision. This will require Pakistan to move away from Army rule and for the ISI to be dismantled and more significantly something to be put in its place."<ref> - ]</ref> This was denied by President Musharraf, "I totally, 200% reject it. I reject it from anybody - MoD or anyone who tells me to dismantle ISI."<ref> - ]</ref> The ], a ] ] ] published an article casting doubt on some of the accusations, 'Though Pakistan does offer safe haven to Kashmiri groups, and perhaps some Taliban fighters, the suggestion that the ISI is responsible for the 7/7 bombings of London’s mass transit system is “a real stretch,” Gannon says'.<ref> - ]</ref> However, a later report by the same think tank, The Council on Foreign Relations, stated there was probably support for terrorism from rogue elements of the ISI, exhibiting the failure of civilian intelligence like the CFR in estimmating the capability of the ISI . | |||
| ] publish a report on ] ] accusing Pakistan of detaining hundreds of alleged terror suspects without legal process. The group says some were tortured or otherwise ill-treated, others were sold to the US military, and others have vanished without trace. "Journalists and human rights activists have told Amnesty International that most terror suspects deemed important by Pakistani intelligence were held in "safe houses" run by "the agencies" – Pakistan’s intelligence agencies including the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and Military Intelligence (MI)."<ref> - ]</ref> 'In many cases, U.S. agents paid a bounty of $5,000 (2,667 UK pounds) to those, usually intelligence agents, who simply declared people terrorists, seized them and handed them over for interrogation with no legal process, Amnesty said. "Enforced disappearances were almost unheard of in Pakistan before the start of the U.S-led war on terror{{ndash}} now they are a growing phenomenon, spreading beyond terror suspects", Amnesty researcher Angelika Pathak said.'<ref>- ]</ref> Gen Musharraf strongly denied the allegations that some alleged terror suspects had vanished without trace, "I don't want even to reply to that, it is a nonsense, I don't believe it, I don't trust it".<ref> - ]</ref> 'Gen Musharraf has boasted of the arrests as proof of his commitment to the fight against Al Qaeda. In his new memoirs, "]", he claims that the CIA has paid Pakistan hundreds of millions of dollars in bounty payments for the capture of 369 ] suspects since 2001.'<ref> - ]</ref> | |||
| Some members of the American media and political establishment have questioned Pakistan's commitment in combating the Taliban and Al Qaeda remnants in border areas. In response, Pakistan has pointed to the deployment of nearly 80,000 troops in the border areas and the arrests of more than 700 Al Qaeda members carried out by supposedly ISI members, the most high profile ones including 9/11 mastermind ], as proof that the ISI was serious in its commitment to fighting the ].<ref name="BBC ">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2812181.stm|title=Al-Qaeda suspect 'under interrogation'|accessdate=2006-05-05}}</ref> However, the recent ] to end the ] has been seen by many observers as a defeat for Pakistan,<ref>A battle lost By Tony Blankley ] ], ]</ref> that has strengthened Taliban powerbase in ].<ref> - Threats Watch</ref> Moreover, ]'s top commanders have criticized ISI's continued role in supplying weapons and providing sanctuary to the terrorists<ref> - ], 06/10/2006 </ref> but have approved the deal.<ref></ref> | |||
| In the aftermath of the ], the Afghan, Indian, and United States governments all accused ISI of orchestrating the attack, leading Bush to ask the civilian Prime Minister of Pakistan, "Who controls ISI?"<ref></ref> The information leak in question referred to the fact that information shared by the Americans to the ISI about future strikes against terrorist targets seemed to be leaked to the terrorists prior to the attacks, indicating widespread connections between Pakistan's intelligence agency and fundamentalist Islamic terrorist organizations. | |||
| ==ISI and militant groups == | |||
| {{seealso|Operation Cyclone}} | |||
| ISI and the ] supported violent Islamist non-government organizations during the ].<ref>{{cite book | |||
| | author = Coll,Steve | |||
| | title = Ghost Wars | |||
| | publisher = Penguin | |||
| | year = 2005 | |||
| | pages= pp.190-199 | |||
| }}</ref> With the ], this relationship has received renewed public attention. Author Steve Coll wrote in the January 28, 2008 ] on this relationship without coming to specific conclusions about shared responsibility.<ref></ref> The ] is encouraging Pakistan to pursue a ] campaign against Western Pakistan ] militia. | |||
| Because of its role in supporting Taliban forces and recruiting and training ]<ref></ref><ref></ref> to fight in Afganistan<ref></ref> and Kashmir,<ref name="kasmirpearl"></ref> ISI has been alleged to support ] outside of its territory. | |||
| The Inter-Services Intelligence has been accused of playing a role in major ] across the world including the ] in the United States,<ref> The Guardian</ref><ref> Global Research Canada</ref><ref> BBC News</ref> ],<ref> Council for Foreign Relations</ref><ref></ref><ref> Council on Foreign Relations</ref> ],<ref> BBC News</ref> ],<ref> Global Research Canada</ref> ],<ref> Indian Embassy</ref> ],<ref> Rediff.com</ref> ]<ref> Rediff.com</ref><ref></ref> The ISI is also accused of supporting ] forces<ref name="BBC1"> BBC News</ref> and recruiting and training ]<ref name="BBC1"/><ref> Daily Telegraph</ref> to fight in Afghanistan<ref> The New York Times</ref><ref name="NYTimes"> The New York Times</ref> and Kashmir<ref name="NYTimes"/> | |||
| ==Media portrayal== | |||
| The ISI has rarely been portrayed on the silver screen and on Television by the Pakistani Media as they are shy to explore such a sensitive institution of Pakistan. | |||
| However foreign media such as ] and ] are now starting to portray ISI in movies and television programming given the current nature on the fight with global terrorism and Pakistan being the forefront of this fight. | |||
| Some of the media portrayals of ISI are: | |||
| * ''Ek'', a Hindi movie in which the CIA, ISI and R&AW agents work together to stop terrorists from detonating a ] in ]. | |||
| * '']'', a Hollywood movie which shows how USA armed and trained the Afghan ] with the help of Pakistan's ISI. | |||
| * '']'', a Hollywood movie based on ]'s killing by terrorists who were alleged to have connections with ISI. | |||
| * '']'', an ] ] which shows how events lead up to the ] and highlights the ISI's assistance in capturing the terrorist ]. | |||
| * '']'', a ] movie which cronicles the events the ] and the ISI's role in instigating and supporting the chain of events. | |||
| * '']'', a book written by Tariq Ali, a British Pakistani, on BCCI and its links with ISI. | |||
| * '']'', a book written by Mohammad Hanif on Gen Zia ul Haq's plane crash and the role of various spooks. | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| * ISBN 0-8059-9594-3, By Muhammad Ayub; An Army, Its Role and Rule ( A History of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil from 1947-1999). | |||
| * ISBN 0-9733687-6-4. By Abid Ullah Jan; From ] to ISI: The Saga of Entrapment Continues | |||
| * ISBN 0-85052-860-7, By ISI brigadier Mohammad Yousaf; Afghanistan the Bear Trap: The Defeat of a Superpower. | |||
| * ISBN 1-59420-007-6, By Steve Coll; ]. | |||
| * ISBN 1-57488-550-2, Brassey's International Intelligence Yearbook. | |||
| * ISBN 0-415-30797-X, By Jerrold E Schneider, P R Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, Stephen Phillip Cohen; Perception, Politics and Security in South Asia: The Compound Crisis in 1990 | |||
| * ISBN 0-8021-4124-2, By George Crile; Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History | |||
| * ISBN 1-84277-113-2, By Jonathan Bloch; Global Intelligence : The World's Secret Services Today | |||
| * ISBN 0-385-50672-4, By James Bamford; A Pretext for War : 9/11, Iraq, and the Abuse of America's Intelligence Agencies | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{Pakistani intelligence agencies}} | |||
| {{External national intelligence agencies}} | |||
| {{Military of Pakistan}} | |||
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Revision as of 19:00, 5 November 2008
I AM RAO ZAFAR IQBAL AND WANT TO JOIN PAKISTAN ISI WING BUT NO ONE IS GIVING ME A CHANCE.
PLEASE SIR GIVE ME A CHANCE AND MY CONTACT ID IS raoshab@hotmail.com
i pay you salam lt.GEN PASHA