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After flowering, the leaves turn yellow color and die off. The plants then starts its summer dormancy for several months. This cycle is well adapted to a climate which is hot and dry in summer. After flowering, the leaves turn yellow color and die off. The plants then starts its summer dormancy for several months. This cycle is well adapted to a climate which is hot and dry in summer.


== Species == ==List of species==

* ''Amitostigma alpestre'' : Alpine Chicken Orchid (Taiwan).
* ''Amitostigma amplexifolium'' (SC. China).. #'']'' Fukuy., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 664 (1935).
* ''Amitostigma basifoliatum'' (China). #'']'' Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 3 (1936).
* '']'' (China). #'']'' (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 92 (1919).
* '']'' (China) . #'']'' Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 127 (1936).
* ''Amitostigma dolichocentrum'' (China) . #'']'' Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 4 (1936).
#'']'' Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 84 (1982).
* ''Amitostigma faberi'' (China)
* ''Amitostigma farreri'' (Tibet).. #'']'' (Rolfe) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma gonggashanicum'' (China). #'']'' Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 378 (1924).
* ''Amitostigma gracile'' (China to Temp. E. Asia). #'']'' K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 312 (1984).
* ''Amitostigma keiskei'' (Japan) #'']'' (Blume) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma keiskeoides'' (Vietnam). #'']'' (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma kinoshitae'' (S. Kuril Is., Japan - Hokkaido, N. Honshū). #'']'' (Gagnep.) Garay & Kittr., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 30: 181 (1985 publ. 1986).
* ''Amitostigma kurokamianum'' (Japan - Kyushu: Mt. Kurokami). #'']'' (Makino) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma lepidum'' : Okinawa Orchid (Japan - S. Kyushu to Nansei-shoto. #'']'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma monanthum'' (SE. Tibet to C. China). #'']'' (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
* *''Amitostigma monanthum'' var. ''forrestii'' (Tibet). Tuber geophyte #'']'' Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 83 (1982).
* *''Amitostigma monanthum'' var. ''monanthum'' (SE. Tibet to C. China). Tuber geophyte #'']'' (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma papilionaceum'' (China - NW. Sichuan). #'']'' Schltr., Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 133 (1924).
#'']'' (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma parciflorum'' (China).
* ''Amitostigma physoceras'' (China - Sichuan).. #'']'' Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 25 (1940).
#'']'' (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 95 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma pinguicula'' (China).
* '']'' (hina - W. Sichuan, SW. Yunnan).. #'']'' Seidenf. & Thaithong in G.Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: 8 (1997).
* '']'' (China - SW. Sichuan, N. Yunnan). #'']'' Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 379 (1924).
#'']'' (Hayata) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 95 (1919).
* ''Amitostigma thailandicum'' (Thailand).
* ''Amitostigma tibeticum'' (Tibet). #'']'' Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 80 (1982).
#'']'' W.H.Chen, Y.M.Shui & K.Y.Lang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 25: 521 (2003).
* ''Amitostigma tominagai'' (Taiwan).
* ''Amitostigma trifurcatum'' (China).. #'']'' Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 26 (1940).

* '']'' (China - Yunnan).
{{Commonscat|Amitostigma}} {{Commonscat|Amitostigma}}


Revision as of 03:14, 30 January 2009

Amitostigma
Amitostigma keiskei
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Orchideae
Subtribe: Orchidinae
Alliance: Orchis
Genus: Amitostigma
Schltr.
Species

See text.

Amitostigma Schltr. 1919, is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae).

It is an exclusively Asian genus of 27 orchids, growing in the alpine habitats of east Asia, India, eastern Himalaya, China, and Japan to Kuril Islands. Twenty two species of this genus grow in China.

These are dwarf terrestrial orchids, including some myco-heterotrophic species. The globose or ovoid tubers (1 to 1.5 centimetres) of these autotrophic plants are fleshy and not lobed, with several slender roots. New shoots grow each tuber.

The stem is usually erect, with one (or rarely two or three) basal or cauline (stem) leaves. The length of the stem can vary between 5 and 45 centimetres.

The green leaf blade is not articulate and can have an oblong, lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate form, even within the same species (see A. lepidum). The leaves appear at the time of expansion of the flower (anthesis).

The terminal inflorescence is racemose, seldom subcapitate. The floral bracts are often lanceolate. The cylindrical to fusiform ovary is resupinate (turned upside down).

Each inflorescence shows many (rarely one or two) flowers. These are also resupinate and usually twisted to one side.

The sepals are completely separate from each other, with an oblong to ovate appearance, and usually singly-veined. The erect petals are straight, often slightly broader than the sepals. The three- or four-lobed lip is usually longer and broader than the petals and sepals, spurred at the base. The mid-lobe is oblong, square, or ovate. The margin of the lip is often slightly undulate.

They have a characteristic short column. The erect anthers are cohesive with the column through its broad base or back. They have two parallel locules with farinaceous, sectile pollinia. The small rostellum is beak-shaped, attached with its folded end to the viscidium. The two protruding stigmas are slightly club-shaped.

The capsule is suberect.

The color may vary within the same species: Amitostigma lepidum may show a purple lip with white margins, or a white lip with purple dots or a totally white lip. Even the leaves may vary from lanceolate to ovate within the same species.

After flowering, the leaves turn yellow color and die off. The plants then starts its summer dormancy for several months. This cycle is well adapted to a climate which is hot and dry in summer.

List of species

  1. Amitostigma alpestre Fukuy., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 664 (1935).
  2. Amitostigma amplexifolium Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 3 (1936).
  3. Amitostigma basifoliatum (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 92 (1919).
  4. Amitostigma bifoliatum Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 127 (1936).
  5. Amitostigma capitatum Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 4 (1936).
  6. Amitostigma dolichocentrum Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 84 (1982).
  7. Amitostigma faberi (Rolfe) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
  8. Amitostigma farreri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 378 (1924).
  9. Amitostigma gonggashanicum K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 312 (1984).
  10. Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
  11. Amitostigma keiskei (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
  12. Amitostigma keiskeoides (Gagnep.) Garay & Kittr., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 30: 181 (1985 publ. 1986).
  13. Amitostigma kinoshitae (Makino) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 93 (1919).
  14. Amitostigma lepidum (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
  15. Amitostigma monanthum (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
  16. Amitostigma papilionaceum Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 83 (1982).
  17. Amitostigma parciflorum (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
  18. Amitostigma physoceras Schltr., Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 133 (1924).
  19. Amitostigma pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 94 (1919).
  20. Amitostigma simplex Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 25 (1940).
  21. Amitostigma tetralobum (Finet) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 95 (1919).
  22. Amitostigma thailandicum Seidenf. & Thaithong in G.Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: 8 (1997).
  23. Amitostigma tibeticum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 379 (1924).
  24. Amitostigma tominagae (Hayata) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 95 (1919).
  25. Amitostigma trifurcatum Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 80 (1982).
  26. Amitostigma wenshanense W.H.Chen, Y.M.Shui & K.Y.Lang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 25: 521 (2003).
  27. Amitostigma yueanum Tang & F.T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 26 (1940).

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