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Inner Asia during the Tang Dynasty was characterized by serial wars of expansion.
In the 7th to 8th centuries, the Tang Dynasty Chinese expanded across large areas of the steppes of Central Asia; and for more than a century, the Tang retained control of large parts of Central Asia. This Chinese hegemony was not unopposed at its periphery. Emperor Taizong's military success was, in part, a consequence of changes he initiated in the Chinese army, including improved weaponry. The emperor placed a new emphasis on cavalry, which was very important because his non-Chinese opponents used the horse effectively in warfare.
The Khitan in the eastern Mongolia and southern Manchuria made their submission to the Chinese in 630. In the recurrent process of sinicization, Khitan chieftains established themselves as emperors of northern China; their rule was known as the Liao Dynasty (916-1125) in eastern Mongolia, Manchuria, and northern China.
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