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| In 1795 the Shah of Persia, ], attacked the region to end its feudal fragmentation and restore it to the old ] State in Iran. The khans of ], ], and ] submitted, but Ibrahim Khan did not. He was defeated in battle and retreated to the fortress of ]. After a prolonged siege, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar failed to take the fortress and left the region. In a verbal truce Ibrahim Khan acknowledged Qajar supremacy and was permitted to continue to rule as Khan of Karabakh. | In 1795 the Shah of Persia, ], attacked the region to end its feudal fragmentation and restore it to the old ] State in Iran. The khans of ], ], and ] submitted, but Ibrahim Khan did not. He was defeated in battle and retreated to the fortress of ]. After a prolonged siege, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar failed to take the fortress and left the region. In a verbal truce Ibrahim Khan acknowledged Qajar supremacy and was permitted to continue to rule as Khan of Karabakh. | ||
| In 1796 |
In 1796, following Agha Mohammad Khan's return to Persia, ] ordered her army to conquer the Caucasus. Ibrahim began negotiating with the Russian commanders and agreed to cooperate with them in exchange for maintaining his rule in Karabakh. Soon after Catherine the Great died his successor, ], abandoned her plans for the region and recalled the Russian troops. | ||
| In 1797 Aga Mohammad Khan, angered by the betrayal of Ibrahim Khalil Khan and other khans in the Caucasus, attacked |
In 1797 Aga Mohammad Khan, angered by the betrayal of Ibrahim Khalil Khan and other khans in the Caucasus, attacked and captured Shusha. Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated in Shusha five days after its capture. Ibrahim, who had fled to his in-laws in ], then returned to Shusha and gave Aga Mohammad Khan an honourable burial. In order to retain his position and ensure peaceful relations with Persia, he gave one of his daughter to be a wife of the new shah, ]. | ||
| During the ], ] promised that Russia would recognize Ibrahim Khan as khan and agreed that Ibrahim's elder son would succeed his father, and ] between Russia and Karabakh was signed on May 14, 1805. Tsitsianov then occupied Shusha and left a Russian garrison stationed there. Tsitsianov's death in 1806 and the breakup of the Russian offensive persuaded Ibrahim Khalil Khan to switch allegiance and ask the ] for aid in ousting the Russian garrison. As the Persian army approached Shusha, Ibrahim Khan left the fortress and camped outside. On 2 June 1806 the Russians, instigated by Ibrahim Khalil Khan's grandson and fearful of their own vulnerability, attacked the camp and killed Ibrahim Khan, one of his wives, a daughter, and his youngest son. To gain support from the local Muslims, the Russians appointed a son of Ibrahim Khalil, Mahdi Qulu Khan, as khan of Karabakh. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=BOURNOUTIAN |first=GEORGE| title=EBRAHÈM KHALÈL KHAN JAVANSHER | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica | accessdate=2008-02-07|url=http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f1/v8f1110.html}}</ref><ref> </ref><ref></ref>. | During the ], ] promised that Russia would recognize Ibrahim Khan as khan and agreed that Ibrahim's elder son would succeed his father, and ] between Russia and Karabakh was signed on May 14, 1805. Tsitsianov then occupied Shusha and left a Russian garrison stationed there. Tsitsianov's death in 1806 and the breakup of the Russian offensive persuaded Ibrahim Khalil Khan to switch allegiance and ask the ] for aid in ousting the Russian garrison. As the Persian army approached Shusha, Ibrahim Khan left the fortress and camped outside. On 2 June 1806 the Russians, instigated by Ibrahim Khalil Khan's grandson and fearful of their own vulnerability, attacked the camp and killed Ibrahim Khan, one of his wives, a daughter, and his youngest son. To gain support from the local Muslims, the Russians appointed a son of Ibrahim Khalil, Mahdi Qulu Khan, as khan of Karabakh. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=BOURNOUTIAN |first=GEORGE| title=EBRAHÈM KHALÈL KHAN JAVANSHER | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica | accessdate=2008-02-07|url=http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f1/v8f1110.html}}</ref><ref> </ref><ref></ref>. | ||
Revision as of 19:28, 22 March 2009
Ibrahim Khalil khan Javanshir (1730-1806) was a khan of the Karabakh Khanate and succeeded his father Panah-Ali khan Javanshir as its ruler.
In 1795 the Shah of Persia, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, attacked the region to end its feudal fragmentation and restore it to the old Safavid State in Iran. The khans of Ganja, Nakhjavan, and Erevan submitted, but Ibrahim Khan did not. He was defeated in battle and retreated to the fortress of Shusha. After a prolonged siege, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar failed to take the fortress and left the region. In a verbal truce Ibrahim Khan acknowledged Qajar supremacy and was permitted to continue to rule as Khan of Karabakh.
In 1796, following Agha Mohammad Khan's return to Persia, Catherine the Great ordered her army to conquer the Caucasus. Ibrahim began negotiating with the Russian commanders and agreed to cooperate with them in exchange for maintaining his rule in Karabakh. Soon after Catherine the Great died his successor, Paul, abandoned her plans for the region and recalled the Russian troops.
In 1797 Aga Mohammad Khan, angered by the betrayal of Ibrahim Khalil Khan and other khans in the Caucasus, attacked and captured Shusha. Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated in Shusha five days after its capture. Ibrahim, who had fled to his in-laws in Dagestan, then returned to Shusha and gave Aga Mohammad Khan an honourable burial. In order to retain his position and ensure peaceful relations with Persia, he gave one of his daughter to be a wife of the new shah, Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar.
During the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), General Tsitsianov promised that Russia would recognize Ibrahim Khan as khan and agreed that Ibrahim's elder son would succeed his father, and Kurekchay Treaty between Russia and Karabakh was signed on May 14, 1805. Tsitsianov then occupied Shusha and left a Russian garrison stationed there. Tsitsianov's death in 1806 and the breakup of the Russian offensive persuaded Ibrahim Khalil Khan to switch allegiance and ask the shah for aid in ousting the Russian garrison. As the Persian army approached Shusha, Ibrahim Khan left the fortress and camped outside. On 2 June 1806 the Russians, instigated by Ibrahim Khalil Khan's grandson and fearful of their own vulnerability, attacked the camp and killed Ibrahim Khan, one of his wives, a daughter, and his youngest son. To gain support from the local Muslims, the Russians appointed a son of Ibrahim Khalil, Mahdi Qulu Khan, as khan of Karabakh. .
References
- This province was at that time the hereditary fief of the Turkish clan of Djewanshir (...) Its chiefs were called from father to son alternately Panah and Ibrahim Khalil; M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel. E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. BRILL, p. 727. ISBN 9004097902, 9789004097902
- BOURNOUTIAN, GEORGE. "EBRAHÈM KHALÈL KHAN JAVANSHER". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
- Encyclopaedia Brittanica Online: History of Azerbaijan
- Abbas-gulu Aga Bakikhanov. Golestan-i Iram