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| '''Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia''' are mostly situated in the western half of the country. The largest Albanian communities live in ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. During the ] part of the western half of ] was part of ]. Albanians are the second largest population group in the Republic of Macedonia and comprise 25,2 percent of the population, after the majority ], who comprise 64,2 percent of the population. The remaining 10,6 percent of the population are a combination of ], ], ], ] and ]. There is also a small minority of ], Slavs whose ancestors converted to ] during ]. | '''Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia''' are mostly situated in the western half of the country. The largest Albanian communities live in ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. During the ] part of the western half of ] was part of ]. Albanians are the second largest population group in the Republic of Macedonia and comprise 25,2 percent of the population, after the majority ], who comprise 64,2 percent of the population. The remaining 10,6 percent of the population are a combination of ], ], ], ] and ]. There is also a small minority of ], Slavs whose ancestors converted to ] during ]. | ||
| == Social Impact == | == Social Impact == | ||
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| == Political Parties == | == Political Parties == | ||
| The ] (PPD), led by Party President |
The ] (PPD), led by Party President ], is the largest Albanian party in the Republic of Macedonia and is the third largest party in terms of representatives in the Macedonian Parliament. The ] (PPDSH) is led by Party President ] and broke off from the PPD becoming the second largest Albanian political party in the country. The main PPDSH support comes from the cities of ] and ]. The People's Democratic Party (PDP - Partia Demokratike Popullore/Narodna Demokratska Partija) led by Party President ] is one of the first Albanian parties to form after opposition was legalized. Like the PPDSH, the PDP is considered a right-wing party. Under the current law of Macedonia any Albanian candidate trying to become a member of the parliament must receive 3 times as many votes cast in his favor as a Slavic Macedonian candidate in order to win an election. The Albanian populace in Macedonia see a change in the election laws without international pressure or more extreme methods coordinated internally to be impossible because over 25% of the Albanian population has lost their citizenship since Macedonia’s independence and all ] are unable to vote. | ||
| "The position of the Democratic Party of Albanians in Macedonia (DPA) is that the crisis is an interethnic one, because it raises issues that have to do with the position of Albanians in the social system. The crisis in Macedonia is not a spillover from Kosova, as many observers initially surmised, and credit for this should be given to the Albanian political factors in Kosova, Albania, and Macedonia who condemned violence as a means of expressing political dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, this does not change the inherently ethnic character of the conflict." | |||
| -Arben Xhaferi | |||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| In the 1950’s and 60’s during the tenure of the ], interior minister ] who was a ], pressurized the Turks and Albanians to immigrate to Turkey. Tens of thousands were tortured and an all out genocide of Albanians took place in well-populated cities like ] and ]. Despite this, because Albanians have significant higher rate of increase than Macedonians a significant demographic change occurred as the Albanian population part has swelled from 8% after WWII to roughly 25% in the 1990s. | In the 1950’s and 60’s during the tenure of the ], interior minister ] who was a ], pressurized the Turks and Albanians to immigrate to Turkey. Tens of thousands were tortured and an all out genocide of Albanians took place in well-populated cities like ] (]) and ] (]). Despite this, because Albanians have significant higher rate of increase than Macedonians a significant demographic change occurred as the Albanian population part has swelled from 8% after WWII to roughly 25% in the 1990s. | ||
| Under the current constitution Albanian citizens are technically protected, although this is alleged to be false in practice. The hostility and ethnic tension between the Albanian and Slavic Macedonian population in everyday life greatly increased after 1992. Although Albanians claim to comprise around 40% of population of the Republic of Macedonia (while ignoring official census data as well as aggregated percentage of votes Albanian political parties gets), by changing the Macedonian constitution and revoking all national rights of non-Slavic Macedonians, the modern Republic's government contended that Albanians were only a small minority of the population in the Republic and therefore there was no true inequality. | Today Albanians complain that their houses are destroyed and that the Macedonian Slav police have a policy of verbal and sometimes physical intimidation towards ethnic Albanians. Under the current constitution Albanian citizens are technically protected, although this is alleged to be false in practice. The hostility and ethnic tension between the Albanian and Slavic Macedonian population in everyday life greatly increased after 1992. Although Albanians claim to comprise around 40% of population of the Republic of Macedonia (while ignoring official census data as well as aggregated percentage of votes Albanian political parties gets), by changing the Macedonian constitution and revoking all national rights of non-Slavic Macedonians, the modern Republic's government contended that Albanians were only a small minority of the population in the Republic and therefore there was no true inequality. | ||
| In January 1992, the Albanians organized a successful referendum on territorial ]. The Macedonian government claimed this was an attempt to secede and began a crackdown by declaring the referendum illegal. The ], an organization that represents ethnic Albanians in ], ], ] proper and the ], promptly decided that autonomy would only be a possibility for Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia if other democratic efforts failed to procure political and cultural rights. | In January 1992, the Albanians organized a successful referendum on territorial ]. The Slavic Macedonian government claimed this was an attempt to secede and began a crackdown by declaring the referendum illegal. The ], an organization that represents ethnic Albanians in ], ], ] proper and the ], promptly decided that autonomy would only be a possibility for Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia if other democratic efforts failed to procure political and cultural rights. | ||
| == Current Issues == | == Current Issues == | ||
| The three most debilitating circumstances for Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia currently are a lack of commitment by the Macedonian government to protect the rights of minorities; coupled with harsh ] and obstacles in voting (which all Macedonian residents suffer from), poor ] - due to the use of the Macedonian language in all legal universities (the Albanian university in Tetovo is considered illegal by the government) and the alleged harassment and racism organized by the state. Albanians and other ethnic minorities suffer from restrictions in education, employment, defense, housing conditions, and participation in cultural activities that include alleged methods of suppression such as torture, kidnapping, and illegal detainment both by the Republic's own laws and ]. | The three most debilitating circumstances for Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia currently are a lack of commitment by the Macedonian Slav government to protect the rights of minorities; coupled with harsh ] and obstacles in voting (which all Macedonian residents suffer from), poor ] - due to the use of the Slavic-Macedonian language in all legal universities (the Albanian university in Tetovo is considered illegal by the government) and the alleged harassment and racism organized by the state. Albanians and other ethnic minorities suffer from restrictions in education, employment, defense, housing conditions, and participation in cultural activities that include alleged methods of suppression such as torture, kidnapping, and illegal detainment both by the Republic's own laws and ]. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| *] | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
Revision as of 10:55, 14 November 2005
Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia are mostly situated in the western half of the country. The largest Albanian communities live in Tetovo, Skopje, Gostivar, Dibra, Kërcova, Struga and Kumanovo. During the WWII part of the western half of the Republic was part of Albania. Albanians are the second largest population group in the Republic of Macedonia and comprise 25,2 percent of the population, after the majority Macedonian Slavs, who comprise 64,2 percent of the population. The remaining 10,6 percent of the population are a combination of Turks, Roma, Serbs, Bosniaks and Aromanians. There is also a small minority of Macedonian Muslims, Slavs whose ancestors converted to Islam during Ottoman rule.
Social Impact
Although there are a few Christian Orthodox villages due to cultural diffusion between the Slavic Macedonian and Albanian populations, the Albanians of the Republic of Macedonia are overwhelmingly Muslim and do not have Macedonian as their mother tongue. They retain both a cultural and economic identity with Albania. The agriculture sector of the economy is progressively developing for minority Albanians despite poor soil quality, little industrial infrastructure, and a serious lack of jobs. The current lack of job opportunities is said to have originated in 1981 when large scale dismissals by authorities ushered in a period in which only ethnic Macedonian Slavs were hired. Between 20-40 percent of Albanian workers are operating abroad as a result. The Albanian minority argues that the Macedonian Slav majority under the new constitution dominates the army, police, judiciary system, economy and the government despite provisions protecting minorities. They also complain of difficulty in obtaining jobs and licenses due to bias in government regulation.
Political Parties
The Party for Democratic Prosperity (PPD), led by Party President Abdurrahman Haliti, is the largest Albanian party in the Republic of Macedonia and is the third largest party in terms of representatives in the Macedonian Parliament. The Party for Democracy of Albanians in Macedonia (PPDSH) is led by Party President Arben Xhaferi and broke off from the PPD becoming the second largest Albanian political party in the country. The main PPDSH support comes from the cities of Tetovo and Gostivar. The People's Democratic Party (PDP - Partia Demokratike Popullore/Narodna Demokratska Partija) led by Party President Iljaz Halimi is one of the first Albanian parties to form after opposition was legalized. Like the PPDSH, the PDP is considered a right-wing party. Under the current law of Macedonia any Albanian candidate trying to become a member of the parliament must receive 3 times as many votes cast in his favor as a Slavic Macedonian candidate in order to win an election. The Albanian populace in Macedonia see a change in the election laws without international pressure or more extreme methods coordinated internally to be impossible because over 25% of the Albanian population has lost their citizenship since Macedonia’s independence and all Albanians who work abroad are unable to vote.
"The position of the Democratic Party of Albanians in Macedonia (DPA) is that the crisis is an interethnic one, because it raises issues that have to do with the position of Albanians in the social system. The crisis in Macedonia is not a spillover from Kosova, as many observers initially surmised, and credit for this should be given to the Albanian political factors in Kosova, Albania, and Macedonia who condemned violence as a means of expressing political dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, this does not change the inherently ethnic character of the conflict." -Arben Xhaferi
History
In the 1950’s and 60’s during the tenure of the Yugoslavia, interior minister Aleksandar Ranković who was a Serb, pressurized the Turks and Albanians to immigrate to Turkey. Tens of thousands were tortured and an all out genocide of Albanians took place in well-populated cities like Shkup (Skopje) and Monastir (Bitola). Despite this, because Albanians have significant higher rate of increase than Macedonians a significant demographic change occurred as the Albanian population part has swelled from 8% after WWII to roughly 25% in the 1990s. Today Albanians complain that their houses are destroyed and that the Macedonian Slav police have a policy of verbal and sometimes physical intimidation towards ethnic Albanians. Under the current constitution Albanian citizens are technically protected, although this is alleged to be false in practice. The hostility and ethnic tension between the Albanian and Slavic Macedonian population in everyday life greatly increased after 1992. Although Albanians claim to comprise around 40% of population of the Republic of Macedonia (while ignoring official census data as well as aggregated percentage of votes Albanian political parties gets), by changing the Macedonian constitution and revoking all national rights of non-Slavic Macedonians, the modern Republic's government contended that Albanians were only a small minority of the population in the Republic and therefore there was no true inequality.
In January 1992, the Albanians organized a successful referendum on territorial autonomy. The Slavic Macedonian government claimed this was an attempt to secede and began a crackdown by declaring the referendum illegal. The Council of Albanian Political Parties in the Former Yugoslavia, an organization that represents ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia proper and the Republic of Macedonia, promptly decided that autonomy would only be a possibility for Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia if other democratic efforts failed to procure political and cultural rights.
Current Issues
The three most debilitating circumstances for Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia currently are a lack of commitment by the Macedonian Slav government to protect the rights of minorities; coupled with harsh taxes and obstacles in voting (which all Macedonian residents suffer from), poor education - due to the use of the Slavic-Macedonian language in all legal universities (the Albanian university in Tetovo is considered illegal by the government) and the alleged harassment and racism organized by the state. Albanians and other ethnic minorities suffer from restrictions in education, employment, defense, housing conditions, and participation in cultural activities that include alleged methods of suppression such as torture, kidnapping, and illegal detainment both by the Republic's own laws and international standards.
See also
- Human Rights in FYR Macedonia
- Human rights abuse
- Human rights violation
- Human rights in Europe
- European Convention on Human Rights