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| {{redirect|Blow job|the film|Blow Job (film)}} | |||
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| '''Fellatio''', also called '''fellation''',<ref></ref> is ] performed upon the ]. It may be performed to induce ] and ] of ], or it can be used as ] prior to ] or ] forms of ]. | |||
| Fellatio is commonly referred to as a '''blow job'''.<ref></ref> Fellatio is also sometimes referred to as "giving head" or "going down", although these terms can also both be used for ].<ref></ref> | |||
| ==Etymology== | |||
| The ] noun ''fellatio'' comes from ''{{lang|la|fellātus}}'', which in ] is the past ] of the verb ''{{lang|la|fellāre}}'', meaning to suck. In ''fellatio'' the ''-us'' is replaced by the ''-io'', an alternate form of the suffix ''-ion''. The ''-ion'' or ''-io'' ending is used in English to create nouns from Latin ] and indicate a state or action wherein the Latin verb is being, or has been, performed. | |||
| Further English words have been created based on the same Latin root. A person who performs fellatio upon another may be termed a ''fellator''. Because of Latin's ], this word may be restricted by some English speakers to describing a male. The equivalent female term is ''fellatrix''. | |||
| <nowiki>also know as a bj | |||
| here</nowiki> | |||
| ==Cultural significance== | |||
| ]]] | |||
| Some receivers regard receiving oral sex as an ego boost, believing that such an act is a form of ] over their sexual partner because of the overt submissive nature of the act; the giver may often be on their knees before the receiver to perform the act of pleasure. Many people have negative feelings about performing or receiving oral sex, and may refuse to do so.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of the Penis|author=Paley, Maggie|year=2000}}</ref> In ancient Greece, fellatio was referred to as "playing the flute"; the Kama Sutra has a chapter on oparishtaka, or “mouth congress.”<ref name=Badger></ref> | |||
| ==Religious significance== | |||
| Galienus called fellatio "lesbiari" since women of the island of ] were supposed to have been the introducer of the practice to use one's lips to give sexual pleasure.<ref></ref> | |||
| The ] ], dating from the first centuries ], describes oral sex,<ref></ref> discussing fellatio in great detail and only briefly mentioning ]. However, according to the Kama Sutra, fellatio is above all a characteristic of ]s (or, according to other translations, of ] ] or ] similar to the modern ] of India), who use their mouths as a substitute for female ]. | |||
| The author states that it is also practiced by "unchaste women" but mentions widespread traditional concerns about this being a degrading or unclean practice, with known practitioners being evaded as love partners in large parts of the country. He seems to agree with these attitudes to some extent, claiming "a wise man" should not engage in that form of intercourse while acknowledging that it can be appropriate in some unspecified cases. | |||
| The religious historian ] speaks of a desire to transcend old age and death and achieve a state of '']'' in the ] practice of ] yoga. In Tantric yoga the same emphasis is placed on the retention and absorption of vital liquids and Sanskrit texts describe how semen must not be emitted if the yogi is to avoid falling under law of time and death.<ref>Eliade Mircea. 1973. ''Yoga, Immortality and Freedom''. trans. Willard R. Trask. (Princeton: Princeton University Press). p. 267-268</ref> | |||
| In ] literature the only two forms of sex that are explicitly prohibited within marriage are ] and sex during ]s,<ref></ref> but the exact attitude towards oral sex is a subject of disagreements between modern scholars of Islam. Authorities considering it "objectionable" do so because of the contact between the supposedly impure fluids emitted during intercourse and the mouth.<ref></ref><ref></ref> Others emphasise there is no decisive evidence to forbid it.<ref>{{Dead link|date=August 2008}}</ref> | |||
| ] Ceramic Depicting Fellatio. 300 A.D. ]]] | |||
| The ] culture of ancient ] worshipped daily life including sexual acts. They depicted fellatio in their ceramics.<ref>Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. ''The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the ].'' New York: ], 1997.</ref> | |||
| ==Ingestion of semen== | |||
| {{main|Seminophagia}} | |||
| ]'s book, ''Men in Love - Men's Sexual Fantasies: The Triumph of Love over Rage'' claims that swallowing ejaculate is high on the intimacy scale. Many passive fellators seem to like the taste, which lingers for some time after ejaculation. | |||
| As late as 1976, doctors were advising women in the eighth and ninth months of pregnancy not to swallow semen lest it induce premature labor,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pregnant Couple's Guide to Sex, Romance, and Intimacy|author=Sandra Margot, Tonianne Robino|pages=122–123}}</ref> even though it is now known to be perfectly safe. Fellatio is sometimes practiced during pregnancy as a replacement for vaginal sex by couples looking to engage in a sexually pleasurable activity while avoiding the difficulty of vaginal intercourse during the later stages of pregnancy.<ref></ref> | |||
| Semen ingestion has also had central importance in some cultures around the world. In ] culture, there is a secret ritual in which boys give fellatio to young males and drink their semen, in order to "re-engender themselves prior to marriage".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newleftreview.org/?view=2592 |title=New Left Review - Jack Goody: The Labyrinth of Kinship |accessdate=2007-07-24}}</ref> | |||
| ===Pregnancy=== | |||
| Fellatio alone cannot result in ]; there is no way for ] from the ] to enter the ] and ] to fertilize an ]; in humans, there is no connection between the ] and the ]. Ingested sperm will be killed and broken down by ] in the ] and ]s in the ]. The breakdown products will be absorbed as a negligible quantity of ]. | |||
| ===Link to reducing preeclampsia=== | |||
| It has been suggested that fellatio may, through "immune modulation",<ref name="bbc"></ref> have a beneficial role in preventing dangerous complications during pregnancy. Specifically, several research groups<ref>{{cite journal |last=Koelman |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2000 |title=Correlation between oral sex and a low incidence of preeclampsia: A role for soluble HLA in seminal fluid? |journal=Journal of Reproductive Immunology |volume=46 |pages=155–166 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0378(99)00062-5 }}</ref> have reported that ], a life threatening complication that sometimes arises in pregnancy, is much less frequent in couples who have practiced oral sex, and even more rare in couples where fellatio regularly ended with a woman's swallowing of her partner's semen. | |||
| The results were statistically significant and are consistent with the fact that semen contains several agents that have important roles in the prevention of preeclampsia, which may arise out of an ] condition.<ref name="bbc"/><ref>Taylor RN (1997) "Review: Immunobiology of preeclampsia" American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Volume 37 pp. 79-86</ref><ref>Chaouat et al., (2005) "Fourth International Workshop on Immunology of Pre-eclampsia, December 2004, Reunion, France" Journal of Reproductive Immunology Volume 67 pp. 103-111</ref> According to that view, preeclampsia is caused by a failure of the mother to accept the ] and ], which both contain "foreign" ]s from the father's ]s. | |||
| Regular exposure to the father's semen helps cause her immune system to gradually "grow accustomed" to their proteins. Other studies also found that, while any exposure to the partner's sperm during sex appears to decrease the chances of various disorders, women in couples who have practiced "sex acts other than ]" are less than half as likely to suffer preeclampsia. | |||
| The studies noted that it would be impossible to assume conclusively the likely protective effect of the "other sex acts" including oral sex, or that the correlation between these sexual practices was due to the presence of collinearity induced by some other protective factor not noted in the studies: for example, greater overall frequency of sex.<ref name="bbc"/> The standard way to resolve such ] questions in medical science would be through a ], but there are unique challenges to research in sexual health.<ref>Schroder KEE, Carey MP, Vanable PA (2003) Methodological Challenges in Research on Sexual Risk Behavior: I. Item Content, Scaling, and Data Analytical Options. Annals of Behavioral Medicine Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 76-103.</ref> | |||
| ==STD risk== | |||
| ], ] (HPV), ], ], ] (multiple strains), and other ]s (STDs), as well as viruses such as ], can be transmitted through oral sex.<ref></ref> While the risk of transmitting HIV through fellatio is not known, it is suspected to be rare.{{Fact|date=March 2009}} | |||
| Any kind of direct contact with body fluids of a person infected with ], the virus that causes ], poses a risk of infection. The risk from most of these types of infection, however, is generally considered far lower than that associated with ] or ]. | |||
| If the receiving partner has wounds on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STD transmission. Brushing the teeth, flossing, undergoing dental work, or eating crunchy foods such as potato chips relatively soon before or after giving fellatio can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. | |||
| These wounds, even when they are ], increase the chances of contracting ]s that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common ] and ] found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of this, some medical professionals advise the use of ]s when performing or receiving fellatio with a partner whose STD status is unknown. Flavoured condoms may be used for this purpose. | |||
| ===HPV and oral cancer link=== | |||
| In 2005, a research study at ]'s Faculty of Odontology suggested that performing unprotected ] on a person infected with ] might increase the risk of ]. The study found that 36 percent of the ]s had HPV compared to only 1 percent of the healthy control group.<ref></ref> | |||
| Another recent study suggests a ] between oral sex and ]. It is believed that this is due to the transmission of ] or (HPV) because this virus has been implicated in the majority of cervical cancers. | |||
| The study concludes that people who had one to five oral-sex partners in their lifetime had approximately a doubled risk of throat cancer compared with those who never engaged in this activity and those with more than five oral-sex partners had a 250 percent increased risk.<ref></ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
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| == References == | |||
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Revision as of 21:01, 23 April 2009
dick in mouth