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| The term "'''Islamofascism'''" is a controversial ] used to describe certain variants of ] alleged to have ] or ] aspects. | |||
| ==Origins of the term== | |||
| Although the exact origins of the term are murky, it appears to have been coined either by ], ] or ]. The coining or popularisation of the term is frequently attributed to ] based on his article in ] immediately following the ], where he used the phrase "Islamic fascism". . Hitchens also used the phrases "Islamic fascism" and "theocratic fascism" to describe the fatwa declared against ] for writing '']''. After the 9/11 attacks, the concept of "Islamic fascism", later shortened to "Islamofascism", spread from neoconservative schools of thought to the ]. On October 6, 2005 ], ] used the term "Islamo-fascism" while speaking before the ]. | |||
| Those who have attempted to flesh out the epithet often state that "Islamofascism" refers to strands of ] or ] Islam, which are claimed to display some of the signifiers of fascism or totalitarianism. | |||
| == Examples of use in public discourse == | |||
| * "But the bombers of Manhattan represent fascism with an Islamic face, and there's no point in any euphemism about it. What they abominate about "the West," to put it in a phrase, is not what Western liberals don't like and can't defend about their own system, but what they do like about it and must defend: its emancipated women, its scientific inquiry, its separation of religion from the state." — ] in '''', The Nation 2001. | |||
| * "What we have to understand is ... this is not really a war against terrorism, this is not really a war against al Qaeda, this is a war against movements and ideologies that are jihadist, that are Islamofascists, that aim to destroy the Western world." ], president of the ]. | |||
| *" attacks serve a clear and focused ideology, a set of beliefs and goals that are evil, but not insane. Some call this evil Islamic radicalism; others, militant Jihadism; still others, Islamo-fascism. Whatever it's called, this ideology is very different from the religion of Islam. This form of radicalism exploits Islam to serve a violent, political vision: the establishment, by terrorism and subversion and insurgency, of a totalitarian empire that denies all political and religious freedom." ], ] speaking before the ], October 6, 2005 | |||
| ==Application of the term== | |||
| Among the allegations directed towards these Islamic sects and their followers are that they : | |||
| * Promote the establisment of a global unitary Islamic nation-state under the totalitarian control of Islamic religious authorities enforcing ] law. | |||
| * Propose the existance of an eternal violent conflict between ] and ], that will end with the eventual victory of muslims over the infidels. | |||
| * Accept and promote terrorism and violence to further their goals. | |||
| * Are strongly and violently anti-Semitic, anti-Zionist, anti-American, and anti-western. These groups and nations are allegedly perceived by Islamofascists as implacable enemies of Islam that must be must be subjugated or destroyed. | |||
| * Do not accept normative western political concepts such as intrinsic ] and democracy. | |||
| * Advocate a philosophy of ] ] to convert/subvert non-Islamic societies from within | |||
| Opponents of the term argue that "Islamofascism" is simply a derogatory epithet directed towards ] as a whole, and not a real political concept or ideology. They claim that the term attempts to conflate the neutral concept of ] with the negatively perceived concept of ]. | |||
| Some applications of the term "Islamofascism" specifically refer to the ] and similar movements in ] inspired by the writings of ], while others use it to refer to all highly politicized strains of Islam, including ] radicalism as practised in Iran. A more common and less loaded term for these politicized strains of Islam, which seek to replace secular governments in Muslim countries with ] law, is ]. Note, however, that Islamism is a broad political category which covers also political movements such as ]'s ] which do not seek to overthrow secular constitutions. (See also ]) | |||
| Some have argued that this use of the term is a misapplication, as the word "fascism" has been traditionally invoked to describe the merger of state and corporate power. Political commentators have argued that the fusion of Arab (particularly ]) and ] oil wealth and the totalitarian ideology of a theocratic movement with global ambitions, could be interpreted as a form of fascism. | |||
| Many muslims feel that comparing their religion to secular ideologies such as ] or other forms of fascism is very offensive. | |||
| == Islamist/Axis Alliance during WWII == | |||
| ] meets with ] (1941)]] | |||
| During ], Muslim leaders throught the arab world aligned themselves with ] hoping that the ] would liberate them from the British colonial rule and kill the jews in ]. | |||
| :'' "To the ]: The ] movement of Greater Germany has, since its inception, inscribed upon its flag the fight against the world Jewry. It has therefore followed with particular sympathy the struggle of freedom-loving Arabs, especially in ], against Jewish interlopers. In the recognition of this enemy and of the common struggle against it lies the firm foundation of the natural alliance that exists between ( Nazi )Germany and the freedom-loving Muslims of the whole world. In this spirit I am sending you on the anniversary of the infamous ] my hearty greetings and wishes for the successful pursuit of your struggle until the final victory. | |||
| :Signed: ] S.S. ]" '' <!-- Islam + Fascism == Islamofascism --> | |||
| [[Image:Himmler to Mufti telegram 1943.png|Left|thumb|222px|November 2, 1943 Himmler's telegram to Mufti: "November 2, 1943 Himmler's telegram to Mufti: | |||
| "To the Grand Mufti: The ] movement of Greater Germany has, since its inception, inscribed upon its flag the fight against the world Jewry. It has therefore followed with particular sympathy the struggle of freedom-loving Arabs, especially in Palestine, against Jewish interlopers. In the recognition of this enemy and of the common struggle against it lies the firm foundation of the natural alliance that exists between ( Nazi )Germany and the freedom-loving Muslims of the whole world. "]] | |||
| == Related terms and concepts == | |||
| === Political Concepts === | |||
| * ] — Islam as a political movement | |||
| * ] — irrational fear of Islam or Muslims | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| === Islamic Concepts === | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==Academics and commentators on Islamofascism== | |||
| * ] — U.S. political scientist | |||
| * ] — Muslim free-thinker and social critic. | |||
| * ] — Italian journalist and author of ''The Rage and The Pride (La Rabbia e l'Orgoglio)'' and ''The Strength of Reason (La Forza della Ragione)''. | |||
| * ] — U.S. journalist and noted blogger | |||
| * ] — U.S. historian and commentator on military affairs | |||
| * ] — British journalist. | |||
| * ] Israeli politician and ] activist. Author of ''The Case For Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror'' | |||
| * ] — Israeli political scientist. Author of ''Hatred's Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism.'' | |||
| * ] — U.S. ]. | |||
| * ] Dutch MP and friend of murdered ]. Scriptwriter for ]: a film about violence against women in Islamic societies. | |||
| * ] British academic. Author of many works on ] and contemparary European-Islamic relations. | |||
| ==Organizations and think tanks== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| * by Daniel Pipes | |||
| * (Israeli site) | |||
| * by ] | |||
| ===Critical of the concept of Islamofascism=== | |||
| * — ] (], ]) | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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