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Revision as of 22:28, 31 May 2009 editEdward321 (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users36,434 edits restored citation tags, removed or, removed duplicate pic, unrelated pic← Previous edit		Revision as of 22:54, 31 May 2009 edit undoTJ13090 (talk \| contribs)745 edits Once again someone has rewritten my article and changed info in the battle box. They have left no explanation as to why. The vandal seems to want to erase German involment in this battle.Next edit →
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	\|result=U.S. victory, cease fire arranged		\|result=U.S. victory, cease fire arranged
	\|combatant1={{flagicon\|United States\|1912}} ]		\|combatant1={{flagicon\|United States\|1912}} ]
	\|combatant2={{flagicon\|Mexico\|1917-1934}} ]<\|commander1=]		\|combatant2={{flagicon\|Mexico\|1917-1934}} ]<br/>{{flagicon\|German Empire}} ]
			\|commander1=]
	\|commander2=unknown		\|commander2=unknown
	\|strength1=estimate: 100–200 infantry and cavalry		\|strength1=estimate: 100–200 infantry and cavalry
	\|strength2=unknown		\|strength2=unknown
	\|casualties1=U.S. Army: 3 KIA, 29 WIA<br/>American Civilians:<br/> 2 KIA,~~<br/>~~unknown WIA ~~{{Fact\|date=May 2009}}~~		\|casualties1=U.S. Army: 3 KIA, 29 WIA<br/>American Militia/Civilians:<br/> 2 KIA, unknown WIA
	\|casualties2=Mexican Army: 129 KIA,unknown ~~{cn}~~		\|casualties2=Mexican Army: 129 KIA, unknown WIA<br/>Germany: 2 KIA, unknown WIA
	}}		}}

	'''The Battle of Ambos Nogales''' (lit. ''The Battle of Both Nogales''), was an engagement fought on August 27, 1918. Between U.S. forces, stationed in ] ~~and~~ a Mexican Federal garrison occupying ]		'''The Battle of Ambos Nogales''' (lit. ''The Battle of Both Nogales''), was an engagement fought on August 27, 1918. Between U.S. forces, stationed in ], a Mexican Federal garrison occupying ] and a group of ] ]s.

	==Background==		==Background==

	By 1918, the U.S. had declared war on ], thus entering ]. The situation in ] had been terrible since the beginning of the ] in 1910. While overseas fighting the Germans, U.S. forces still had an obligation to defend the ]' southern border. Throughout the ] U.S. forces garrisoned America's border towns, occasionally exchanging fire with ] rebels or federals. ~~{cn}~~ With the ] interception of the ] in 1917, the United States knew of Germany's attempt to bring Mexico into the war on the side of the ].		By 1918, the U.S. had declared war on ], thus entering ]. The situation in ] had been terrible since the beginning of the ] in 1910. While overseas fighting the Germans, U.S. forces still had an obligation to defend the ]' southern border. Throughout the ] U.S. forces garrisoned America's border towns, occasionally exchanging fire with ] rebels or federals. With the ] interception of the ] in 1917, the United States knew well of Germany's attempt to bring Mexico into the war on the side of the ]. In the beginning of 1918, the U.S. Intelligence Division in Southern Arizona began reporting that German agents were teaching the Mexican Army military procedures and building defences. A few days before the fighting began, an anonymous letter was received by Lt. Colonel Frederick J. Herman. The letter was from someone claiming to be an officer from ]'s army. In the message, the unknown Mexican warns the Lt. Colonel of the German ] in and around ]. The letter also warns of an attack which is to take place somewhere around the end of August.

	In the beginning of 1918, the U.S. Intelligence Division in Southern Arizona began reporting that German agents were training the ] in ] procedures and building defences. A few days before the fighting began, an anonymous letter was received by Lt. Colonel Frederick J. Herman. The letter was from someone claiming to be a major from ]'s army. In the message, the unknown Mexican warns the Lt. Colonel of the German ] in and around ]. The letter also warns of an attack which is to take place somewhere around August 25, 1918.

	==Battle==		==Battle==

	On August 27 1918, a gun battle erupted unintentionally when a Mexican officer attempted to pass through the border, back to Mexico, without being interrogated at the ] house. As the Mexican soldier passed the office, customs inspector Arthur G. Barber ordered "halt". The Mexican failed to halt so Inspector Barber ran after him with pistol in hand, followed by two enlisted men. Another Mexican officer, on the Mexican side of the border, witnessed the chase, drew his pistol and fired at the customs inspector. The shot missed Barber but hit one of the soldiers, killing him instantly. The other enlisted man then raised his weapon and fired, killing the hostile Mexican officer.		On August 27 1918, a gun battle erupted unintentionally when a Mexican officer attempted to pass through the border, back to Mexico, without being interrogated at the ] house. As the Mexican soldier passed the office, customs inspector Arthur G. Barber ordered "halt". The Mexican failed to halt so Inspector Barber ran after him with pistol in hand, followed by two enlisted men. Another Mexican officer, on the Mexican side of the border, witnessed the chase, drew his pistol and fired at the customs inspector. The shot missed Barber but hit one of the soldiers, killing him instantly. The other enlisted man then raised his weapon and fired, killing the hostile Mexican officer.
			After the initial shooting, reinforcements from both sides rushed to the border line. Hostilities quickly escalated, The U.S. 35th Infantry, garrison of ], requested reinforcements, the ]s of the 10th Cavalry, commanded by Frederick Herman. After observing the situation for a few moments, Lt. Colonel Herman ordered an attack on the Mexican and German held hilltops overlooking the bordertown. Under heavy fire, the U.S. infantry and dismounted cavalry advanced across the border through the buildings and streets of ] and up the hills. Some armed Arizona citizens tagged along. Others stayed on the US side, firing their weapons from their house windows.

		⚫	After a couple hours of battle, the Mexicans waved a large white flag of surrender over their customs building. Lt. Colonel Herman observed and then ordered an immediate cease fire. Snipers on both sides continued shooting for a little while after the cease fire, but were eventually silenced upon orders from their superiors.
	After the initial shooting, reinforcements from both sides rushed to the border line. Hostilities quickly escalated, The U.S. 35th Infantry, garrison of ], called in reinforcements, the ]s of the 10th Cavalry, commanded by Frederick Herman.

	After observing the situation for a few moments, Colonel Herman ordered an attack on the Mexican held hilltops overlooking the bordertown.
	Under heavy fire, the U.S. infantry and dismounted cavalry advanced across the border through the buildings and streets of ]. Some armed Arizona citizens tagged along, or stayed on the US side, firing their weapons from their house windows.

⚫	After a couple hours the Mexicans waved a large white flag of surrender over their customs building. Lt. Colonel Herman observed and then ordered an immediate cease fire. Snipers on both sides continued shooting for a little while after the cease fire, but were eventually silenced upon orders from their superiors.

	==Aftermath==		==Aftermath==

			Because the battle began as a minor shooting and not as a full scale assault. The Mexicans and German advisors were defeated before they could launch their attack. Therefore the suspected invasion was stopped before it could begin.
	The U.S. Army suffered 3 dead and 29 wounded, civilian ] casualties were 2 dead and several wounded. {{Fact\|date=May 2009}} It was reported the Mexicans suffered 125 dead and 300 wounded and that among the dead were 2 ] agents provocateurs. {(cn}}
			The U.S. Army suffered 3 dead and 29 wounded. Arizona militia/civilian casualties were 2 dead and several wounded. According to the U.S. Army, the graves for 129 were dug. The bodies of 2 Germans were recovered, thus meaning 2 Germans were killed in action. Never again were there reports of Mexican troops massing on the Arizona border or German soldiers in the region.

	] ended a few months later and a peace treaty was ratified in 1919. The main phase of the ] ended in 1920.		The fighting of ] ended a few months later and a peace treaty was ratified in 1919. The main phase of the ] ended in 1920.

	==See also==		==See also==
	*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]

Revision as of 22:54, 31 May 2009

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Battle of Ambos Nogales

Part of Mexican Revolution
World War I

Ambos Nogales

Date	August 27, 1918
Location	Nogales, Arizona Nogales, Sonora
Result	U.S. victory, cease fire arranged

Belligerents

United States

Mexico

Germany

Commanders and leaders

Frederick J. Herman

unknown

Strength

estimate: 100–200 infantry and cavalry

unknown

Casualties and losses

U.S. Army: 3 KIA, 29 WIA
American Militia/Civilians:
2 KIA, unknown WIA

Mexican Army: 129 KIA, unknown WIA
Germany: 2 KIA, unknown WIA

The Battle of Ambos Nogales (lit. The Battle of Both Nogales), was an engagement fought on August 27, 1918. Between U.S. forces, stationed in Nogales, Arizona, a Mexican Federal garrison occupying Nogales, Sonora and a group of German military advisors.

Background

By 1918, the U.S. had declared war on Germany, thus entering World War I. The situation in Mexico had been terrible since the beginning of the revolution in 1910. While overseas fighting the Germans, U.S. forces still had an obligation to defend the United States' southern border. Throughout the Mexican Revolution U.S. forces garrisoned America's border towns, occasionally exchanging fire with Mexican rebels or federals. With the British interception of the Zimmerman Telegram in 1917, the United States knew well of Germany's attempt to bring Mexico into the war on the side of the Central Powers. In the beginning of 1918, the U.S. Intelligence Division in Southern Arizona began reporting that German agents were teaching the Mexican Army military procedures and building defences. A few days before the fighting began, an anonymous letter was received by Lt. Colonel Frederick J. Herman. The letter was from someone claiming to be an officer from Pancho Villa's army. In the message, the unknown Mexican warns the Lt. Colonel of the German espionage in and around Nogales, Sonora. The letter also warns of an attack which is to take place somewhere around the end of August.

Battle

On August 27 1918, a gun battle erupted unintentionally when a Mexican officer attempted to pass through the border, back to Mexico, without being interrogated at the U.S. Customs house. As the Mexican soldier passed the office, customs inspector Arthur G. Barber ordered "halt". The Mexican failed to halt so Inspector Barber ran after him with pistol in hand, followed by two enlisted men. Another Mexican officer, on the Mexican side of the border, witnessed the chase, drew his pistol and fired at the customs inspector. The shot missed Barber but hit one of the soldiers, killing him instantly. The other enlisted man then raised his weapon and fired, killing the hostile Mexican officer. After the initial shooting, reinforcements from both sides rushed to the border line. Hostilities quickly escalated, The U.S. 35th Infantry, garrison of Nogales, requested reinforcements, the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry, commanded by Frederick Herman. After observing the situation for a few moments, Lt. Colonel Herman ordered an attack on the Mexican and German held hilltops overlooking the bordertown. Under heavy fire, the U.S. infantry and dismounted cavalry advanced across the border through the buildings and streets of Nogales, Sonora and up the hills. Some armed Arizona citizens tagged along. Others stayed on the US side, firing their weapons from their house windows. After a couple hours of battle, the Mexicans waved a large white flag of surrender over their customs building. Lt. Colonel Herman observed and then ordered an immediate cease fire. Snipers on both sides continued shooting for a little while after the cease fire, but were eventually silenced upon orders from their superiors.

Aftermath

Because the battle began as a minor shooting and not as a full scale assault. The Mexicans and German advisors were defeated before they could launch their attack. Therefore the suspected invasion was stopped before it could begin. The U.S. Army suffered 3 dead and 29 wounded. Arizona militia/civilian casualties were 2 dead and several wounded. According to the U.S. Army, the graves for 129 were dug. The bodies of 2 Germans were recovered, thus meaning 2 Germans were killed in action. Never again were there reports of Mexican troops massing on the Arizona border or German soldiers in the region. The fighting of World War I ended a few months later and a peace treaty was ratified in 1919. The main phase of the Mexican Revolution ended in 1920.

Sources

website
Finley, James P. Huachuca Illustrated Vol. 2 Part 6, Buffalo Soldiers at Huachuca: The Battle of Ambos Nogales. Library of Congress 1996, ISBN 93-206790
Wharfield, Harold B. Tenth Cavalry and Border Fights. publisher: author
10th Cavalry Squadron History

References

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