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|image= |image=
|caption= |caption=
|date=September 29 to October 2, 1729 |date=29 September 1729
|place= Mehmandust near ] |place= Mehmandust near ]
|result=] victory. |result=] victory.
|combatant1=] |combatant1=]
|combatant2=] |combatant2=]
|commander1=]<br/>Letf Ali Khan<br/>Tahmasp Khan Jalayer<br/>Fath Ali Khan Kayani<br/>Latif Khan<ref></ref> |commander1=]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<ref></ref>
|commander2=]<br/>Mohammad Seidal<br/>Nasrullah Khan<br/>Zebardust Khan |commander2=]<br/>]<br/>]]
|strength1= 32,000 |strength1= 32,000
|strength2= 30,000 |strength2= 30,000
|casualties1= 5,700 |casualties1= 5,700
|casualties2= 12,000+ |casualties2= 20,000
}} }}


The '''Battle of Damghan''' was fought from September 29 to October 2, 1729, near the city of ]. On one side of the battle were the ] commanded by ]. On the other side were the ] led by ]. The Persians consisted of mainly ] tribesmen of the northern ],<ref>Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, ''The Sword of Persia'' (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p.17-19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part linguistically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older; But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."</ref> while the Afghan forces consisted of mostly ethnic ] of the ] ]. The battle was followed by another one in Murcheh-Khort, a village near ]. Nadir Beg's forces were victorious in both battles, which led him to remove the ] from the Persian throne. The Ghilzai Afghans were forced back to their territory in what is now southern ].<ref>Packard Humanities Institute - Persian Literature in Translation - Chapter IV: ''An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)''...</ref>{{quote|...Meanwhile Ashraf, having taken ] and ], marched into ] with an army of thirty thousand men to give battle to Ṭahmásp, but he was completely defeated by Nádir on October 2 at Dámghán. Another decisive battle was fought in the following year at Múrchakhúr near Iṣfahán. The Afgháns were again defeated and evacuated Iṣfahán to the number of twelve thousand men, but, before quitting the city he had ruined, Ashraf murdered the unfortunate ex-], and carried off most of the ladies of the royal family and the King's treasure. When ] entered Iṣfahán on December 9 he found only his old mother, who had escaped deportation by disguising herself as a servant, and was moved to tears at the desolation and desecration which met his eyes at every turn. Nádir, having finally induced Ṭahmásp to empower him to levy taxes on his own authority, marched southwards in pursuit of the retiring Afgháns, whom he overtook and again defeated near ]. Ashraf fled from ] towards his own country, but cold, hunger and the unrelenting hostility of the inhabitants of the regions which he had to traverse dissipated his forces and compelled him to abandon his captives and his treasure, and he was finally killed by a party of ] tribesmen. Thus ended the disastrous period of Afghán dominion in Persia in A.D. 1730, having lasted eight years.}} The '''Battle of Damghan''' was fought in September 1729, near the city of ], between Iranian rebels and the ] army under ]. The Iranians were led by ], and consisted of mainly ] tribesmen of the northern ],<ref>Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, ''The Sword of Persia'' (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p.17-19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part linguistically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older; But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."</ref> while the Hotaki army consisted of mostly ethnic ] tribesmen, of the ]. The battle was followed by another one in Murcheh-Khort, a village near ]. Nadir Beg's forces were victorious in both battles, which led him to remove the Hotaki dynasty from the Iranian throne. The Ghilzai were forced back to their territory in what is now southern ].<ref>Packard Humanities Institute - Persian Literature in Translation - Chapter IV: ''An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries''...</ref>

==See also==
*]


== References == == References ==

Revision as of 23:23, 3 November 2009

Battle of Damghan
Date29 September 1729
LocationMehmandust near Damghan
Result Safavid victory.
Belligerents
Safavid Empire Ghilzai Pashtuns
Commanders and leaders
Nader Quli Khan
Lotf Ali Khan
Tahmasp Khan Jalayer
Fath Ali Khan Kayani
Latif Khan
Ashraf Khan
Mohammad Seidal
Nasrollah KhanZebardast Khan
Strength
32,000 30,000
Casualties and losses
5,700 20,000

The Battle of Damghan was fought in September 1729, near the city of Damghan, between Iranian rebels and the Hotaki army under Ashraf Khan. The Iranians were led by Nāder Qoli Beg, and consisted of mainly Turkmen tribesmen of the northern Afshar, while the Hotaki army consisted of mostly ethnic Pashtun tribesmen, of the Ghilzai. The battle was followed by another one in Murcheh-Khort, a village near Isfahan. Nadir Beg's forces were victorious in both battles, which led him to remove the Hotaki dynasty from the Iranian throne. The Ghilzai were forced back to their territory in what is now southern Afghanistan.

References

  1. The Battle of Mehmandost by Greg Savvinos
  2. Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p.17-19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part linguistically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older; But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."
  3. Packard Humanities Institute - Persian Literature in Translation - Chapter IV: An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries...THE AFGHÁN INVASION (A.D. 1722-1730)


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