Elazar Shach: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 23:55, 4 November 2009 editYonoson3 (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users602 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 23:17, 9 November 2009 edit undo71.6.27.178 (talk)No edit summaryTag: repeating charactersNext edit →
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	'''Rabbi Elazar Menachem Man Shach''' ({{lang-he\|אלעזר מנחם מן שך}}) (or '''Rav Leizer Shach''', at times his name is written as '''Eliezer Schach''' in English publications) (], ] - ], ]), was a leading ]an-born and educated ] ] who settled and lived in modern ].

	He was the ] ("dean") of the ] in ] the pre-eminent ] of ], and founded the ] political party representing ] ] in the Israeli ], many of whom considered him to be the '']'' ("great one of the generation") and used the honorific Maran (" master") when referring to him.

	He was recognized as a ]ic scholar par excellence by scholars such as Rabbi ] (the Brisker Rav) and Rabbi ] in their approbations to his works; he authored the '']'' a commentary on the ]. ]

	== Life in Europe ==
	Rav Shach was born in Wabolnick (], pronounced Vaboilnik in Yiddish), a rural village in northern ] to Rabbi Ezriel and Batsheva Shach. The Shach family had been merchants for generations but Batsheva's family, the Levitans, were religious scholars who served various Lithuanian communities. Batsheva's brother, Rabbi Nisan Levitan, later became an important figure in the ]. Elazar was a child prodigy, and was sent to study in the ] at age seven. At thirteen he moved on to the ], where he caught the attention of its dean, Rabbi ], as well as Rabbi ], dean of the ] yeshiva. Rav Shach soon became one of Rav Meltzer's favorite pupils, beginning a lifelong relationship of friendship and respect.

	When ] began in 1914, many of the Slabodka yeshiva students scattered across Europe. Rav Shach initially returned to his family but then began traveling across Lithuania from town to town, sleeping and eating wherever he could and studying with tremendous diligence in local synagogues, continuing to study Torah "as if there were no war" <ref> ('']'') February, 2002.</ref>. After the war Rav Shach rejoined Meltzer and his son-in-law, Rabbi ], in ], ]. When Meltzer returned to Slutsk, Shach followed him (the Slutsk yeshiva later gained fame as the ] in America).

	Rav Meltzer became both a father figure and patron to the young Shach, even arranging his marriage with his niece, Guttel, in 1923. Rav Shach received ] from Rav Meltzer and from 1927 to 1932 taught in the Kletsk yeshiva. He served as rosh yeshiva in ], then taught Talmud at the ] as well. In 1936 he became rosh yeshiva at the ] yeshiva in ].

	== Escaping to the British Mandate of Palestine ==

	Shortly before the start of ] and ], several yeshivas began considering evacuating their rabbis, students and families. Kotler eventually left for America, travelling across ] and arriving in the United States during the war. In 1939 Shach first went to ], where he stayed with Rabbi ]. Later that year both Shach's mother and his eldest daughter fell ill and died. In early 1940 the Shach family decided to leave Lithuania. Shach's maternal uncle, Rabbi Aron Levitan, had helped Kotler get emigration visas, but Shach decided instead to go to ], where Meltzer was serving as Rosh Yeshiva at ] in Jerusalem, (Shach would later serve as the Rosh Yeshiva there as well). His uncle helped him and his family get immigration certificates and took them in after they arrived at his doorstep, destitute.

	Several years after the re-establishment of the Ponevezh yeshiva in ], he was asked to be one of its deans. He remained in the position until his passing. At this yeshiva, Shach taught many thousands of students, many of whom eventually assumed prominent positions as roshei yeshiva and rabbis.

	== Rabbinical career ==

	Rav Shach was credited by many for helping revolutionize the concept of the "society of learners" in the post-war Haredi world. Under his leadership, the phenomenon of Haredi men studying in ]s and ]s full-time, something that had been comparatively rare in Europe before World War II, became the standard in many Haredi communities in Israel, with the financial backing of Haredi communities and subsidies to young families with many children from the Israeli government. He has thousands of students occupying prominent positions in the Rabbinate, both in the United States and abroad. His works on the Mishneh Torah are regarded as classics.

	== Political life ==

	Rav Shach was an unwilling member of the ] beginning the 1970s, having been appointed to that body by the ], during which time he began to take special notice of the second-class situation of ] in Israel, including Haredi Sephardim, who at that time were without any real political representation and generally voted for the ] or Agudat Israel. In an attempt to give the Sephardim more political influence, Shach encouraged and guided the formation of the Sephardi ] party, under the spiritual leadership of his ally, Rabbi ]. Shas ran for the ] in 1984, and Shach called upon his "]" followers to vote for it in the polls, a move that many saw as key political and religious move in Shach's split with Agudat Israel. While initially Shas was largely under the aegis of Shach — who capitalized on his influence with the Sephardic party in order to pressure Agudat Israel — Yosef gradually exerted control over the party and moved it away from Shach, culminating with Shas' decision to support the ] party in the 13th Knesset in 1992, something both Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel opposed.

	In 1988, Shach officially broke away from Agudat Israel and formed the ] ("Flag of Torah") party to represent the non-Hasidic ] Haredim. After a bitter contest in the 1988 elections, Degel HaTorah agreed in the 1992 elections to work together with Agudat Israel under the name of ], an agreement which has continued until the present.

	Around 1995 Shach's political involvement slowed down, following deterioration in his health, and ceased altogether afterward. Since then the two main leaders of the party are Rabbis Elyashiv and Shteinman, of which Elyashiv is more dominant.

	Rav Shach was deeply opposed to ], both religious and secular. He was fiercely dismissive of secular ]i culture. For example, during a 1990 speech he stated ]niks as "breeders of rabbits and pigs" who did not "know what Yom Kippur is". In the same speech he said that the ] had cut themselves off from their Jewish past and wished to "seek a new Torah". Shach was also critical of democracy, once referring to it "cancer", adding that "only the sacred Torah is the true democracy."<ref> ('']'') ], ].</ref>

	However, on diplomatic issues many considered Shach comparatively moderate to other rabbinical authorities. Shach quickly realized the tangible political benefits that Haredi society could reap if it cultivated relationships with both poles of the Israeli political spectrum, and also supported the withdrawal from land, in principle, under the Halakhic teaching of '']'' ("the saving of a life"), in which the preservation of lives takes precedence over nearly all other obligations in the Torah, including those pertaining to the sanctity of land. Shach criticized Israeli settlements in the ] and ] (at that time mainly settled by secular and ] Jews) as "a blatant attempt to provoke the international community", and called on Haredim to avoid moving to such communities.

	After the passing of Rav Shach, Prime Minister ] noted the appreciation for the late Rabbi Shach's work over many years on behalf of the Torah world and all Jewish issues. "There is no doubt that we have lost an important person who made his mark over many years. I express condolences on behalf of all of us; we share in the mourning and sorrow of his family and the haredi community." <ref> http://www.israelemb.org/press/2001/November/2001110500.htm http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Archive/Cabinet/2001/11/Spokesman4356.htm </ref>

	When a delegation of rabbis, headed by Rabbi ], begged him to travel to the United States to collect money for ], he promised to think about it. They promised that he could return after three days at most, so as not to cause much bitul Torah. A short while later, Rav Shach phoned Rav Feinstein and told him that despite his desire to help the campaign, he would not be able to make the trip. “When I arrive in America, a large crowd will be waiting for me. I won’t be able to tolerate that honor,” he explained his refusal to go. “Every person has to make his utmost effort to help, but the honor that they accord me will be beyond what I can tolerate.” <ref> ''The Scepter of Chesed'' by Nosson Weiss. ''Mishpacha Magazine'', Issue 132, November 8, 2006, page 23 </ref>

	===Opposition to the Lubavitcher Rebbe<ref>See ''Mechtavim v'Ma'amorim'' : Volume 1, Letter 6(page 15), Letter 8(page 19). Volume 3, Statements on pages 100-101, Letter on page 102. Volume 4, letter 349(page 69), letter 351(page 71). Volume 5, letter 533(page 137), letter 535(page 139), speech 569(page 173), statement 570(page 174). See also here: http://hamercaz.com/hamercaz/pics/database/aoi/223_myFile.pdf </ref>===

	Rav Shach was involved in a number of public disputes with Rabbi ] the ] of the ] movement from the 1970s through Rav Schneerson's death in 1994. Rav Shach accused his followers of false Messianism. Rav Shach accused Rav Schneerson of fomenting a cult of crypto-messianism around himself.<ref> Independent, The (London), Nov 10, 2001 by David Landau. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20011110/ai_n14431755 </ref> He objected to Rav Schneerson's call for "forcing" the Messiah's appearance. When Rav Schneerson's followers identified him as possibly being the Messiah, Rav Shach called for a complete boycott of Chabad, its institutions and projects by its constituents.<ref>Faith and Fate: The Story of the Jewish People in the 20th century, Berel Wein, 2001 by Shaar Press. pg. 340 </ref> In 1988 Shach explicitly denounced Schneerson as a ''moshiach sheker'' (false messiah).<ref> ''A Historian's Polemic Against 'The Madness of False Messianism'''
	By Allan Nadler. http://www.rickross.com/reference/lubavitch/lubavitch9.html See also ''Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco'' By Peter Schäfer, Mark
	R. Cohen. 1998. pg. 404, footnote 56. http://books.google.com/books?id=AT8GF9EciLEC. See also Michtavim U'maamarim .</ref> Rav Shach also compared Chabad and Rav Schneerson to the followers of the 17th century false messiah ].<ref> ('']'') ], ].</ref>

	Pointing to an assertion by the Rebbe in a passage dealing primarily with his predecessor that a Rebbe is ‘the Essence and Being placed into a body,’ Rav Schach described this as nothing short of idolatry. His followers refused to eat meat slaughtered by Lubavitch shochetim or to recognize Chabad Hasidim as adherents of authentic Judaism.<ref>''The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference'' by David Berger,
	2001, published by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization of Portland. Page 7. </ref>

	Rav Shach once described Rav Schneerson as "the madman who sits in New York and drives the whole world crazy."<ref>''The Messiah of Brooklyn: Understanding Lubavitch Hasidim Past and Present'', M. Avrum Ehrlich, Chapter 10, notes, KTAV Publishing, ISBN 0881258369</ref>.

	In addition to Rav Shach's objections to all Chabad members venerating Schneerson as the Messiah (both before and after his death), the two also disagreed on various issues of Jewish law and philosophy, but particularly politics. Chabad strongly opposed peace talks with the Palestinians or to relinquishing any Israeli territory under any circumstance, while Rav Shach alternately supported both left and right-wing parties in the Israeli elections{{Fact\|date=October 2007}}. During the 1988 elections, Rav Schneerson endorsed ] over Rav Shach's newly-formed ] party, and instructed Israeli Chabad to campaign for it.

	Rav Shach is quoted as saying, "Even if I knew for certain that they would burn me alive, I would still not desist in my campaign against false messianism, for this is bona fide avodoh zorah."<ref name=autogenerated1></ref>

	Rabbi Shach is quoted as saying: "I have heard claims made in my name that at a gathering connected with the upcoming elections, I said the people of Chabad are not Jews. I publicly announce that in malice do they distort my words! I spoke in Hebrew, and this is what I said: what they do is not the "Jewish" way. They distorted my words on purpose to damage and libel me for they think that from this they will derive some benefit and gather more votes in these elections. And when they claimed that I called them the children of an impure woman, I testify before heaven and earth that I never said words such as these but only criticized their effort to build a ritual bath that was not in line with the standards of the Chazon Ish, may the memory of this righteous man be a blessing... I do not forgive anyone who fabricates words on his own and then says that I said them. And with this I request that each and every one will pass these words to his fellow."<ref>Defenders of the Faith: Inside Ultra-Orthodox Jewry. Poster on pg. 304.
	By Samuel C. Heilman
	Published by University of California Press, 2000
	ISBN 0520221125, 9780520221123 </ref>

	Despite Rav Shach's opposition to Rav Schneersohn he nevertheless recited Tehillim when Rav Schneerson fell ill. Rav Shach explained “My battle is against his erroneous approach, against the movement, but not against the people in any personal way. I pray for the Rebbe’s recovery and simultaneously, also pray that he abandon his invalid way.”<ref name=autogenerated1 />

	Rabbi ], one of the rosh yeshivas of the ], said in his eulogy for Shach that "Another area in which Rav Shach took the sole initiative and responsibility was in the less than popular task of protesting Messianic proclivities within Lubavitch. Rav Shach assumed the responsibility of decrying this perversion. Rav Shach started to fight this battle alone. He illuminated the truth so that others could also see the posed threat and follow his lead."<ref></ref>

	In a conversation that he had with an American rabbi in the 1980s, Rabbi Shach stated, "The Americans think that I am too controversial and divisive. But in a time when no one else is willing to speak up on behalf of our true tradition, I feel myself impelled to do so."<ref>Faith and Fate: The Story of the Jewish People in the 20th century, Berel Wein, 2001 by Shaar Press. pg. 340 </ref>

	===Position regarding Hassidim and Hassidut in general===
	Rav Shach wrote <ref> Michtavim U'Maamaromim 5:533 (pg. 137)</ref> that he was not at all opposed to chassidim and chassidus (including Chassidus Chabad from the previous generations<ref> Michtavim U'Maamorim 2:23 (pg. 31) 1986 edition. </ref>); he said he recognized them as "yera'im" and "shlaymim" (God-fearing and wholesome) and full of Torah and Mitzvos and fear of heaven.<ref> Michtavim U'Maamaromim 5:534 (pg. 138)</ref> Rav Shach often said and wrote that the slander spread against him about his persecution of chassidim was something he could never forgive, for it had transformed him into a baal machlokes, a disputant, at a time when he loved peace and pursued it to the nth degree.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> He is quoted as saying, "We are fighting against secularism in the yeshivas. Today, with Heaven's help, people are learning Torah in both Chassidic and Lithuanian yeshivos. In my view there is no difference between them; all of them are important and dear to me. In fact, go ahead and ask your Chassidic friends with us at Ponevezh if I distinguish between Chassidic and Lithuanian bochurim."<ref></ref> In a letter which was printed together with his responsa and essays, he writes, "G-d forbid that it be said that there exists a controversy between misnagdim and chassidim. This is pure intentional maligning and hatemongering . . . a reprehensible sin, which cannot be pardoned. I do not forgive this libel, and all the students who studied with us can testify that we never differentiated or discriminated between chassidic students and yeshivish ones. Each one respects the other." <ref name="chareidi.shemayisrael.com">http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5766/BHL66features2.htm</ref>

	Rabbi Shach always showed great respect toward Chassidic bochurim who studied well.<ref>.http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5763/TZR63features2.htm</ref>

	===Support from other Haredi leaders===
	In 1982, Rabbi ], Rabbi ], Rabbi ], and others signed a document which protested the slander being said about Rabbi Shach. The document protested "the slander and vituperation against one of the greatest of our generation's gedolim, the elder of the roshei hayeshivos in Eretz Yisroel, who raises the banner of daas Torah high and expresses the Torah's views on every matter relating to Klal Yisroel."<ref>http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5764/VYR64features2.htm </ref>

	Another document <ref> Can be seen here: http://israel613.com/books/SHACH_DEFEND184.pdf</ref> supporting Rabbi Shach, written in 1989, was signed by many American Haredi leaders, including Rabbis ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].

	Whenever it would come to signing a public proclamation or letter on behalf of ''Klal Yisrael'', the ] insisted that Rav Shach's signature appear before his. It was not uncommon for the Steipler to come to Rav Shach unannounced in order to consult with him on a matter of vital concern for the Jewish people. <ref> ''Sunset: Stories of Our Contemporary Torah Luminaries, Zt"l, and Their Spiritual Heroism.'' Page 175. By Hanoch Teller, Marsi Tabak
	Published by Feldheim Publishers, 1987 </ref> Rabbi Shlesinger, son-in-law of Rabbi Shlomo Lorenzc, lived in Bnei Brak and served as an emissary between Rav Schach and the Steipler.
	On many occasions, when Rabbi Shlesinger would bring the Steipler documents and letters from Rabbi Schach to sign, the Steipler would sign them without even reading them. <ref>http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/ravshach3.html </ref> The Steipler constantly said that since Rav Schach did not move daled amos without Torah, the Ribono shel Olam gave him the ability to pasken in every aspect of this generation’s needs.<ref>http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/ravshach3.html. See also: http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5767/SCS67features3.htm</ref>

	When Rabbi Schach was alive, few roshei yeshivot anywhere in the world would expel a student without consulting with Rabbi Schach and his investigating the matter. <ref> ''Shmuley Boteach doesn't get it'';
	JONATHAN ROSENBLUM and HERSHEL BRAND. Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem: Jan 24, 2007. pg. 15 </ref>

	Rabbi ] had wanted so much l’achar mei’ah v’esrim shanah to speak in learning with Rav Shach, zt’l, and Rav Moshe Feinstein, zt’l. But he was concerned that since they were tremendous tzadikim and had suffered greatly, he would not be put within their sphere in Shamayim. He felt he needed yesurim to reach their madreigah. <ref>http://www.5tjt.com/news/read.asp?Id=1972</ref>

	Rabbi ] had an extraordinarily close relationship with Rabbi Shach, which often brought him to Rabbi Shach's door. <ref>http://www.aish.com/print/?contentID=48956676&section=/rebNoach/s </ref>

	*"Rabbi Shach is the Gadol Hador.” <ref name="shemayisrael.com">http://www.shemayisrael.com/jewishobserver/archives/feb/biography.htm. See also here: http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/T62features.htm </ref> - Rabbi ]

	*"It is difficult to give expression in just a few words to the great loss to Klal Yisroel with the passing of the unique one in his generation, HaRav Eliezer Menachem Man Shach ztllh"h, but we should draw attention to a special point about him: in addition to his holy labor in disseminating Torah he took upon himself the yoke of leading the whole generation. The yeshivas have indeed lost a rosh yeshiva who guided them in the paths of Torah and yiras Hashem and Klal Yisroel has lost its leader. Everybody knew already during his lifetime that he was carrying the burden of the generation . Everyone remembers how HaRav Shach ztllh"h fought for the preservation of religion and acted on his own with mesirus nefesh, and Hashem granted him success in putting religion on its proper foundations. His whole leadership ability stemmed from his omol and yegias haTorah. . . He merited a lot of things by virtue of the 48 ways of acquiring Torah and by his omol haTorah." <ref> http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/T62features.htm </ref> - Rabbi ]


	*The Brisker Rav, Rabbi ] once mentioned to a close student that since his father, Rabbi ], died, he had no one with whom to “talk in learning” until he met Rabbi Shach. <ref name="shemayisrael.com"/> In his approbation to ], Rabbi Shach's work on the ], the Brisker Rav wrote, "The gaon Rav Elozor Menachem, shlita, does not need any haskomoh from anyone, for he is a very great man and his power in Torah is great, with acuity, thorough knowledge and a profound understanding of the pshat, on the level of the gedolim of our generation."

	*"''Ha’emes ahuv etzlo'', Truth is precious to him"<ref name="shemayisrael.com"/> - The Chazon Ish, Rabbi ]

	*". . .since my relative, the Gaon Rav Eliezer Shach shlita joined the yeshiva as a maggid shiur, and I have it on reliable information from members of that Yeshiva that the learning is on a superior level especially now that my above relative has been accepted there, for he is great in Torah and influencing others in Torah "<ref> http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/chayesara/CS62aravshachbio.htm</ref> - Rabbi ] in a letter to Rabbi ]

	*"Rav Shach ''shmekt ois''. Rav Shach can sense a dangerous situation much quicker than I can."<ref> ''Reb Shlomo - The life and legacy of Rabbi Shlomo Freifeld'' by Rabbi Yisroel Besser
	. pg. 126. Judaica Press. Publish Date: 2008-06-12.
	</ref>- Rabbi Shlomo Freifeld

	*"You should ask HaRav Shach. His guiding, primary axiom is daas Torah."<ref>http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/EKV66features.htm</ref> "Yad, yad, peh, peh. His hand is my hand and his mouth is my mouth. Whatever he says or writes is as if it were coming from me." <ref name="shemayisrael.co.il">http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/jewishobserver/archives/feb/biography.htm </ref> "I do not know how HaRav Shach studies. But one thing I am sure of: his initial impression is the psak halocho. He does not have to look it up in any sefer, just ask him the question and the first thing he tells you is the psak halocho." <ref>http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5766/lech/LCH66features2.htm </ref> - the Steipler, Rabbi ]

	*"If you would cut his veins, you would not see blood flowing; you would see Rashbas and Rav Akiva Eigers!"<ref name="shemayisrael.co.il"/> "His ''limud'' is my amulet." <ref> http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5763/LL63features4.htm</ref>- Rabbi ]

	*"If Maran R' Shach is willing to join, he is no lesser versed in halochoh than in the chidushei Torah upon which he expounds in his yeshiva. He is a gaon beyond compare, and if he takes it upon himself to deal in halochoh, he will be the greatest of poskim."<ref>http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5766/eikev/olubvlornczekv66.htm </ref> - Rabbi ]

	*"I bear full witness that the Rosh Yeshiva was an averred hater of controversy and dissension; he despised it. One cannot describe to what extent it was abhorrent to him. He was an extreme pursuer of truth but without allowing any forgoing of kvod Shomayim in the least. He would not permit any leniency on fundamental, ideological issues of Torah and Yiddishkeit; these were things relegated to a trustworthy heart . . . Maran said to me, `This can I testify before the Heavenly Court: I dealt with communal matters with honesty and trustworthiness.' "<ref name="chareidi.shemayisrael.com"/> "My father and rebbi zt"l ]] said Am Yisroel has not had such a leader for many generations, and I heard the same thing said by Rabban Shel Kol Bnei HaGoloh Maran HaRav Elyashiv shlita ]]. I heard this from both of them on several occasions. . . Once somebody asked avi mori gaon Yisroel regarding a certain directive Rabbeinu Hagadol zt"l had issued. My father got very angry and told him that despite everything we know about Maran and his achievements and the strength of his decisions and approach, more of him remains hidden than revealed, and he is considered a tzaddik nistar. - <ref> http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=26246</ref> Rabbi ]

	*"If someone takes the burden of the ''klal'' upon himself, it stems from concern for each and every individual. We find this with the ''gedolim''. . . This means that although the foundation of our life and vitality is certainly ''limud hatorah'', where there is no one to make the dejected happy, the Torah itself obligates those who study it to go and cheer them up. The ''Rosh Yeshiva'' of Ponevezh, Rav Shach zt"l, personified this. He was the father for individuals and therefore carried the burden of the klal." <ref> ''You Can Make the Difference'' pg. 378 By C R Wagschal Published by Feldheim Publishers, 2007. See also here: http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/T62features.htm </ref> - Rabbi ]

	*"He had pure daas Torah. . . When a person is the embodiment of Torah and his whole being is immersed in Torah and he is totally removed from the matters of this world, and without any personal negios, and he has unlimited devotion to his fellow man, then he necessarily has daas Torah and is protected by Hakodosh Boruch Hu from failure. Such is the siyata deShmaya of a leader of Klal Yisroel, and such was the Rosh Yeshiva zt"l."<ref> http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/T62features.htm </ref> - Rabbi ]

	*"His opinions and rulings were certainly literally daas Torah. . . Anyone who knew Rav Shach saw his gutkeit and his feinkeit. . . The Rosh Yeshiva was a combination of genius in knowledge and understanding of Torah, immense toiling in Torah, good middos and intelligence. He also had incredible mesirus nefesh. . ."<ref> http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/T62features.htm </ref> - Rabbi ]

	== Family ==
	Rav Shach had three children, all born in Kletsk in the 1920s: Miriam Raisel, Devorah, and Ephraim. Miriam Raisel died as a teenager in 1939 of ]. Devorah married Rabbi ], a Torah scholar in Israel, and had several children. Ephraim was unsatisfied with the Haredi lifestyle{{Fact\|date=April 2009}} and eventually became a member of the ] camp. He served in the ], received a ] in ] and ], and presently works as a supervisor for the Israel Ministry of Education.

	] Guttel Schach died in 1969 from complications relating to ].

	== Quotes ==

	*"I remember how I was educated in my parents' home: when my ] fell off my head, I was taught that you had to cry from distress. They were guided by a concern for the punctilious observance of ]. Once I woke up after the ''zman'' ] according to the ] and I burst out crying and continued to cry about it all day long."

	== Correspondence with other ] ==
	*Letter to R' Shach from the Chazon Ish, Rabbi ], regarding Torah discussion which R' Shach wrote in Knesses Yisroel publication <ref> ''Avi Ezri'', Volume 3, page 380 </ref>
	*Letters from R' Shach to Rabbi ] regarding various Torah subjects <ref>''Yeshurun'', Vol. 11, 2002, by Machon Yeshurun, pgs 195-207</ref>
	*Correspondnce between R' Shach and Rabbi ] regarding various Torah subjects <ref> ''Yeshurun'', Vol. 11, 2002, by Machon Yeshurun, pgs 208-216</ref>
	*Correspondnce between R' Shach and Rabbi ] regarding various Torah subjects <ref> ''Yeshurun'', Vol. 11, 2002, by Machon Yeshurun, pgs 237-242</ref>
	*Correspondnce between R' Shach and Rabbi ] regarding various Torah subjects <ref> ''Yeshurun'', Vol. 10, by Machon Yeshurun, pg. 384. Vol. 11, pgs. 267-263 </ref>
	*Letter from R' Shach to Rabbi ], Rabbi ], and Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum <ref> ''Yeshurun'', Vol. 12, by Machon Yeshurun, pg. 290. </ref>
	*Letters from Rabbi ] to R' Shach <ref> ''Yeshurun'', Vol. 12, by Machon Yeshurun, pg. 290-291. See also Igros Moshe, Choshen Mishpat vol. 1, teshuva 24 </ref>

	==Bibliography==

	*'']'' - Commentary on ] of ]
	*''Yigias Erev'' - Lectures (from later years) on various masechtos
	*''Bais Hamedrash'' - Lectures given in Yeshivas Rashbi in ]
	*''Gilyonos Minchas Chinuch'' - Comments on ]
	*''Mishnas Rabbeinu'' - Compilation of letters which include insights on various masechtos
	*''Shiurei Rabbeinu Avi Ezri'' - Lectures on various mashectos
	*''Kovetz Hadrachah L'ben Yeshiva'' - Guidance to ] students
	*''Sefer Hagilyonos'' - Comments on various ]
	*''Michavim U'maamarim'' - Six volumes of letters and articles
	*''B'zos Ani Boteach''
	*''Hee Sichasi'' - Talks from later years
	*''Machsheves Zikainim'' - Talks said at various times
	*''Machsheves Mussar'' - Compilation of ] talks
	*''Shimusha shel Torah'' - By Rabbi Asher Bergman. Two volumes. Volume 1 is Rabbi Shach's memories of various ]. Volume 2 is about Rabbi Shach.
	*''M'rosh Emanah'' - Thoughts on the ]
	*''Torascha Shashuai'' - Thoughts on the ]
	*''Hamelech Hamishpat'' - Talks for ] and ]
	*''Orchos Hayeshiva'' - By Rabbi Asher Bergman - A collection of maamarim, sichot and stories from Rabbi shach. On limudei torah and yirat shumayim and hashkafah for bnei yeshivah
	*''P'neenai Rabbeinu Ha'Avi Ezri '' - By Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Shulsinger
	*''Lulei Toratcha'' - Stories from the life of Rabbi Shach, as it is related to the ] - Published by Ohr HaSefer
	*''Haggadah - Rabbi Elazar Menachem Shach'' - A ] ] interwoven with fascinating stories related to Rabbi Shach - Published by Hotzaat Tvunah
	*''Yeshurun'' - Volumes 11-12 (In memory of Rabbi Shach) - Contains many Torah discussions from Rabbi Shach

	Biographies and stories:
	*''Manhig Shel Dor'' - Published by Ohr HaSefer
	*''Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Rav Shach'' - by Rabbi Yechiel Michel Stern. The first comprehensive biographical sketch to appear in Hebrew after the demise of Rabbi Shach - Published by Israel Book Shop
	*''Maran Horav Shach'' - by Rabbi Asher Bergman
	*''B'Mechitzasam Shel Gedolei HaTorah #1'' - By Rabbi Shlomo Lorincz

	English Books:

	*''Path to Greatness - The Life of Maran Harav Elazar Menachem Man Shach, Vol I: Vaboilnik to Bnei Brak (1899-1953)'' - By Rabbi Asher Bergman. Translated by Yocheved Lavon. Published by Feldheim Publishers, 2009. 634 pages. - ISBN 978-1-59826-440-1
	*''HaRav Schach: Conversations : Stories to Inspire the Yeshiva World'' - By Elazar Menachem Man Shakh, Asher Bergman, Yaakov Blinder - Published by Feldheim Publishers, 2004 - ISBN 9781583306710 ISBN 1583306714 <ref>Book preview can be seen at Google Books here http://books.google.com/books?id=PLBoDfvBQ24C&printsec=frontcover </ref>
	*''The Rav Shach Haggadah'' - adapted by Yaakov Blinder from the Hebrew Haggadah Kinyan Torah ; compiled by Asher Bergman in association with Shalom Meir Wallach- Published by ArtScroll / Mesorah, 2003 - ISBN 1578-19737-6 ISBN 978-1578-19737-8
	*''In Their Shadow: Wisdom and Guidance of the Gedolim Volume One: Chazon Ish, Brisker Rav, Rav Shach'' - By Rabbi Shlomo Lorincz - Published by Feldheim - ISBN 978-1-59826-207-0
	*''The Rosh Yeshiva Remembers - Stories that inspire the yeshiva world, as retold by Rabbi Eliezer Menachem Man Shach, shlita'' - By Rabbi Asher Bergman - translated from the Hebrew by Dovid Oratz - Published by Mesorah Publications 2004 - ISBN 1578194598 ISBN 9781578194599
	*''Rav Shach on Chumash'' - an anthology collected from his disciples and those close to him - By Rabbi Asher Bergman - Published by Mesorah Publications - ISBN 1578193613 ISBN 781578193615
	*''Rav Shach Speaks'' - Published by Israel Book Shop - A collection of the letters, speeches and writings of Maran HaRav Shach - By Rabbi Asher Bergman, Bnei Brak, Israel 1999. Translated by Gavriel Rubin ; edited for context by Dov B. Lederman ; final editing by M. Rosenzweig.

	*''Torah Leaders'' - By The Jewish Observer Mesorah Publications - ISBN 1-57819-773-2

	==References==
	{{reflist\|2}}
	*
	*, by Shahar Ilan, ], 2001.

	== External links ==
	Obituaries:
	* , by Lawrence Joffe, '']''
	* by David Landau, '']''
	* by Joel Greenberg, '']''
	* in Telegraph
	* in the ]


	Eulogies and Articles about Rabbi Shach:
	* from Rav Dayan Binyamin Beeri of ]
	* written by Shlomo Katz
	* from '']''
	*
	*
	* by Rabbi Yisroel Friedman
	* by Rabbi ]
	* by Rabbi Mordechai Kamenetzky
	* by Rabbi Mordechai Kamenetzky
	*
	*
	* given by Rabbi ]
	* given by Rabbi ]
	* from ]
	* by Rabbi Dovid Zaritsky
	* by Rabbi Shlomo Lorincz
	* by Jonathan Rosenblum
	* by Jonathan Rosenblum
	*
	*
	*
	*
	* by Yisroel Spiegel
	* by Rabbi Mordechai Friedman
	* by A. Cohen
	*
	*
	* by Rav Zvi Friedman
	* by Rav Zvi Friedman
	* by Rav Zvi Friedman
	* by D. Saks
	* By Nosson Zeev Grossma
	* by Yated Ne'eman Staff
	*
	* by Rabbi O. Bergman
	* As Told to Dov Partzowitz
	* by HaRav Yehudah Dvir
	* by HaRav Meir Heisler, transcribed by Rafael Berlson
	*
	*
	* by Rabbi Nosson Zeev Grossman
	* by Yisroel Friedman
	*
	* by Moshe Rockove
	Audio:

	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*

	*
	* Rabbi ] discussing the life of Rabbi Shach:
	* by Rabbi Aharon Kahn of ]
	* from Aryeh Deri

	Videos:
	* at ].
	* at ] on March 26, 1990.
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*

	Misc.:
	*
	*
	*
	* by Rabbi Gershon Eidelstein
	*
	*
	*
	* by Rabbi Shach
	*
	*
	* by Yated Ne'eman Staff
	* by Yated Ne'eman Staff
	* By B. Levy
	* By B. Levy

	; Pictures:
	*

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Shach, Elazar}}
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
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	{{Ponevezh Yeshiva}}
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]

Revision as of 23:17, 9 November 2009

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SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG SNAG